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動詞時態(tài)初中英語語法(1)

MissWu1/86英語詞類:1、名詞:表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念名稱。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,2、代詞:主要用來代替名詞。如:who,she,you,it.3、形容詞:表示人或事物性質(zhì)或特征。如:good,right,white,orange.4、數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目或事物次序。如:one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、動詞(v.):表示動作或狀態(tài)。如:am,is,are,have,see2/86.6、副詞(adv.):修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞,說明時間、地點、程度等。如:now,very,here,often7、冠詞(art..):用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。如:a,an,the.8、介詞(prep.):表示它后面名詞或代詞與其它句子成份關(guān)系。如in,on,from,above,.9、連詞(conj.):用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and,but,before.10、感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如:oh,well,hi,hello.3/861、主語是句子所要說人或事物,回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通慣用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如:I’mMissGreen.2、謂語動詞說明主語動作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。主要由動詞擔(dān)任。如:Jackcleanstheroom.3、表語在系動詞之后,說明主語身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如:MynameisPingping。4/864、賓語表示及物動詞對象或結(jié)果,回答做是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如:Hecanspelltheword.有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物,一個指人。指物叫直接賓語,指人叫間接賓語。間接賓語普通放在直接賓語前面。如:Hewroteme

aletter.有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前組成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強調(diào)間接賓語。如:Hewrotealettertome.

5/86動詞種類種類1.系動詞2.助動詞3.情態(tài)動詞4.實義動詞注:有些情況下,有些動詞是兼類詞,比如:Wearehavingameeting(having是實義動詞)

HehasgonetoNewYork.(has是助動詞。)3)動詞依據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語,可分為兩類:1.及物動詞(vt.)2.不及物動詞(vi.)5.Be動詞6/86類別特點意義舉例實義動詞系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞

一、按詞義和句中作用,動詞能夠分為四類及物動詞跟賓語須跟賓語才能表示完整意思Ihaveabook..不及物動詞不能直接接賓語能獨立作謂語Shealwayscomeslate.跟表語不能獨立做謂語,跟表語組成完整意思Iamastudent.跟動詞原形或分詞(無意義)不能獨立做謂語,跟主要動詞組成謂語,表示疑問,否定及各種時態(tài)Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.跟動詞原形(有自己詞匯意思)Wecandoitbyourselves.Thatwouldbebetter.不能獨立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài),無人稱和數(shù)改變7/86二、按動詞形式能夠分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞形式意義舉例人稱數(shù)時態(tài)語態(tài)語氣1、謂語動詞(以下)與主語在人稱一致與主語在人稱一致表示動作發(fā)生時間主語是動作發(fā)生者或者承受者說話人表示事實、要求、愿望等Iamreadingnow.第一人稱Hewriteswell.第三人稱單數(shù)Hewrotealettertomelastmonth.過去時態(tài)WestudyEnglish.主動Theroadwasfilledwithrubbish.被動HehasflowntoAmerica.事實IwishIcouldflytothemoonsomeday.愿望8/862、非謂語動詞形式意義用途舉例不定式動名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞起形容詞和名詞作用可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語Ittakesme20minutestogotoschool起名詞作用作主語和賓語Shelikesreading.起形容詞、副詞作用,表主動作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語ThecupisbrokenThesteamisseenrisingfromthewetclothes.起形容詞、副詞作用,表被動9/865.9非謂語動詞

在句子中充當除謂語以外句子成份動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式,動名詞,和分詞(分詞包含現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。

1)不定式:時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動被動普通式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2)動名詞:時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動被動普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3)分詞:時態(tài)\語態(tài)主動被動普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式:not+不定式,not+動名詞,not+現(xiàn)在分詞10/86be動詞幾個形式Am,is,arewas,werebeingbeen

be動詞11/86助動詞幾個形式

do/don’t/(現(xiàn))

does/doesn’t

(第三)

did/didn’t

will/won’t

have,haven’t(現(xiàn))

has,hasn’t(第三)

hadhadn’t

(過)

助動詞12/86助動詞使用方法

對句子進行否定和疑問Doyougetupearlyeveryday?Ididn’t(沒)havelunchyesterday.Willyoubebacksoon?Hehasn’t(沒)finishedtheworkyet.在反意疑問句中Heworksinaschool,doesn’the?Shehasneverbeenthere,hasshe?在倒裝句中Theyhelpedthefarmers,sodidwe.Iwon’tvisitthefamoussinger,neitherwillhe.13/865.2什么是助動詞

1)幫助主要動詞組成謂語動詞詞組詞叫助動詞(AuxiliaryVerb)。被幫助動詞稱作主要動詞(MainVerb)。助動詞本身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,比如:Hedoesn‘tlikeEnglish.(doesn’t是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)

2)

助動詞幫助主要動詞完成以下功用,能夠用來:表示時態(tài),比如:Heissinging.Hehasgotmarried.表示語態(tài),比如:HewassenttoEngland.組成疑問句,比如:Doyoulikecollegelife?

DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?

是否定副詞not適用,比如:Idon‘tlikehim.

加強語氣,Docometothepartytomorrowevening.Hedidknowthat.

3)

最慣用助動詞有:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would

14/865.3助動詞be使用方法

1)be+現(xiàn)在分詞,組成進行時態(tài),比如:Theyarehavingameeting.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2)be+過去分詞,組成被動語態(tài)ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3)be+動詞不定式,a.表示最近、未來計劃或安排,比如:HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..

Wearetoteachthefreshpersons.說明:這種使用方法也能夠說成是一個未來時態(tài)表示法。b.表示命令,Youaretoexplainthis.Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.c.征求意見,HowamItoanswerhim?Whoistogothere?d.表示相約、約定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrow

15/865.5助動詞do使用方法

1)

組成普通疑問句.DoyouwanttopasstheCET?

DidyoustudyGerman?你們學(xué)過德語嗎?2)do+not組成否定句

Idonotwanttobecriticized.Hedoesn'tliketostudy.Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3)組成否定祈使句,Don'tgothere.不要去那里。

Don'tbesoabsent-minded.這么心不在焉。

說明:組成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。4)放在動詞原形前,加強該動詞語氣,比如:

Docometomybirthdayparty.

Ididgothere.Idomissyou.我確實想你。

16/865)用于倒裝句,比如:NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.說明:引導(dǎo)這類倒裝句副詞有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等。6)用作代動詞,比如:

----DoyoulikeBeijing?--你喜歡北京嗎?

----Yes,Ido.--是,喜歡。(do用作代動詞,代替likeBeijing.)

Heknowshowtodriveacar,doesn'the?

他知道怎樣開車,對吧?

17/86特殊疑問句:疑問詞+

do/does+主語+v.+其它?e.g.Whatdoyouwant?(she)

Whatdoesshewant?Whattimedoyouhavelunch?

Whattimedoesshehavelunch?Whatdoyoudo?

Whatdoesshedo?Howdoyouspellit?(he)

Howdoeshespellit?HowdoyoulikeChinesefood?

HowdoeshelikeChinesefood?Howmanytomatoesdoyouwant?

Howmanytomatoesdoeshewant?Howdoyougotowork?(yourfather)

Howdoesyourfathergotowork?

18/865.7助動詞should,would使用方法

1)should無詞義,只是shall過去形式,與動詞原形組成過去未來時,只用于第一人稱,比如:ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.比較:

"WhatshallIdonextweek?"Iasked.(能夠說,shall變成間接引語時,變成should。)2)would也無詞義,是will過去形式,與動詞原形組成過去未來時,用于第二、第三人稱,比如:Hesaidhewouldcome.比較:

"Iwillgo,"hesaid.他說:"我要去那兒。"變成間接引語,就成了:Hesaidhewouldcome.原來will變成would,go變成了come.。19/865.6助動詞shall和will使用方法

shall和will作為助動詞能夠與動詞原形一起組成普通未來時,比如:IshallstudyharderatEnglish.HewillgotoShanghai.說明:在過去語法中,語法學(xué)家說shall用于第一人稱,will只用于第二、第三人稱?,F(xiàn)在,尤其是在口語中,will慣用于第一人稱,但shall只用于第一人稱,如用于第二、第三人稱,就失去助動詞意義,已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞,試比較:

Heshallcome.(shall有命令意味。)

Hewillcome.(will只與動詞原形組成普通未來時。)20/865.4助動詞have使用方法

1)have+過去分詞,組成完成時態(tài)比如:HehasleftforLondon2)have+been+現(xiàn)在分詞,組成完成進行時

IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.我一直在學(xué)英語,已達十年之久。3)have+been+過去分詞,組成完成式被語態(tài)比如:EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。

21/86情態(tài)動詞

解釋can/could在表示請求允許時候二者和交換,could比can語氣更委婉。CanIhelpyou?Couldyouopenthewindow?在表示有能力作某事時,could是can過去式。Icanswim.Icouldswimattheageoffive.第三)22/86情態(tài)動詞1.can/beableto:能夠2.may:能夠3.must/haveto:不得不4.will:愿意5.shall/oughtto:應(yīng)該6.had/better:最好7.need:需要8.dare:勇于情態(tài)動詞23/865)haveto與must區(qū)分:

haveto表示客觀需要,有人稱和數(shù)改變;

must表示主觀需要,沒有人稱和數(shù)改變。例:(1)Hemustgonow.(2)Hehastostayathome.(3)I_____gohomenow,Ithink.(4)Theweatherisbad.I_______stayathome.musthaveto24/86系動詞

我們所學(xué)過系動詞是變成類get,turn,become,make感觀動詞look,sound,smell,taste,feel似乎類seemappear

保持類staykeep系動詞只和形容詞連用,組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)Ifeelhungry.Thedaygetslongerandlonger.Helookedhappy.25/865.1系動詞

系動詞亦稱聯(lián)絡(luò)動詞(LinkVerb),作為系動詞,它本身有詞義,但不能單獨用作謂語,后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語),組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語情況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況…說明:

有些系動詞又是實義動詞,該動詞表示實義時,有詞義,可單獨作謂語,比如:

Hefellillyesterday.(fell是系動詞,后跟補足語,說明主語情況。)

Hefellofftheladder.

fell是實義動詞,單獨作謂語26/861)狀態(tài)系動詞

用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞,比如:Heisateacher(is與補足語一起說明主語身份。)2)連續(xù)系動詞

用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一個情況或態(tài)度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如:

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一個謎。3)表像系動詞

用來表示"看起來像"這一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,比如:

Helookstired.他看起來很累。

Heseems(tobe)verysad.他看起來很難過27/86實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞從其含義來分,動詞有實義動詞(notionalverb)、連系動詞(linkverb)、情態(tài)動詞(modalverb)和助動詞(auxiliaryverb)四類。1)實義動詞實義動詞有完全詞義,并能獨立作謂語動詞。如:In1977thePeople’sRepublicofChinacelebratedits28thanniversary.(一九七七年中華人民共和國慶賀建國二十八周年)HelikestogoforalongwalkonSundays.(他喜歡星期日出去作長距離散步)WehaveaTVsetintheclubofour-productionteam.(我們生產(chǎn)隊俱樂部有架電視機)28/862)連系動詞連系動詞在句中作謂語動詞,后面跟表語。英語連系動詞有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看來),become(變成),get(變得),grow(變得),feel(感到),turn(變得、變成),appear(顯得),remain(依舊是)等。如:Itisnevertoolatetomend.(改過不嫌晚)Itwasaclosegame.(那場球賽比分很靠近)Thechildreninthisnurserylookveryhealthy.(這個托兒所孩子看起來都非常健康)Keepquiet,please!(請平靜)Thetaperecorderseemsallright.(這架錄音機好象沒有毛病)ShebecameamemberoftheCommunistPartyduringtheAnti-JapaneseWar.(她在抗日戰(zhàn)爭期間入了黨)Theproblemremainedunsolveduntillastyear.(問題到去年才處理)29/864)感官系動詞..感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,比如:Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.這朵花聞起來很香5)改變系動詞..這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,改變系動詞主有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如:Hebecamemadafterthat.

Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6)終止系動詞:表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove,turnout,表示"證實","變成"之意,比如:Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他計劃終于成功了。(turnout表終止性結(jié)果)

30/86注:同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞,有時可用不及物動詞。比如:Shecandanceandsing.(sing作不及物動詞)

ShecansingmanyEnglishsong(sing用作及物動詞)4)依據(jù)是否受主語人稱和數(shù)限制:限定動詞2.非限定動詞.比如:Shesingsverywell)

(sing受主語she限制

ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.

(tolearn不受主語she限制,沒有詞形改變,是非限定動詞。)31/867.2限定動詞和非限定動詞從是否被主語所限定來分,動詞有限定動詞和非限定動詞1)限定動詞限定動詞用作句子謂語動詞,并被主語所限定,有些人稱和數(shù)改變。如:Heisatractordriver.(他是一個拖拉機手)Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.(我們朋友遍天下)32/862)非限定動詞:在句子里都不能單獨,作謂語動詞,故不被主語所限定,沒有人稱和數(shù)改變。如:Iampleasedtomeetyou.(我很高興與你相識)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(吸煙對身體有害)WearemarchingforwardalongtheroadpointedoutbytheParty.(我們正沿著黨指出道路前進)pointed為分詞。33/86三種非限定動詞非限定動詞1.動詞不定式2.動名詞3.分詞34/86實義動詞做非謂語動詞使用方法(指出現(xiàn)在謂語動詞之后動詞,它受前面謂語動詞限制)動詞會有三種形式:原型(do)動名詞(doing)不定式(todo)

35/86實義動詞用動名詞:likedoingenjoydoingfinishdoing介詞之后用動名詞begoodatdoingwhataboutdoingthankyoufordoing

36/86實義動詞

用不定式:wanttododecidetodoplantodowouldliketodolearntodotellsb.(not)todoasksb.(not)todo37/865.8短語動詞

動詞加小品詞組成起動詞作用短語叫短語動詞。比如:Turnofftheradio.把收音機關(guān)上。(turnoff是短語動詞)

短語動詞組成基本有以下幾個:

1)動詞+副詞,如:blackout;

2)動詞+介詞,如:lookinto;

3)動詞+副詞+介詞,如:lookforwardto。組成短語動詞副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞38/86英語動詞五種基本形式及改變規(guī)則1原形第三人稱單數(shù)過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞workworksworkedworkedworkingwritewriteswrotewrittenwritinghavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing

39/86動詞時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)歌謠普通現(xiàn)在時,動詞用原型;普通時單數(shù)三人稱,動詞加“s”

。普通過去時,動詞加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.40/86現(xiàn)在進行時,進行時例句:Iamworking.過去進行時,am,is,are,-ing。was,were,-ing。例句:Iwasworking.41/86未來時普通未來時,would加原型。過去未來時,will加原型。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.42/86完成時現(xiàn)在完成時,have/has加過分。Ihaveworked.過去完成時,had加過分。Ihadworked.43/86各種時態(tài)使用方法一、普通現(xiàn)在時1.使用方法:A.現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性動作或狀態(tài) B.客觀事實和真理。2.標志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.gets2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.travels44/86普通現(xiàn)在時動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,要加“s”work-works輔音字母和“y”結(jié)尾詞,如carry-carries以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾加“es”,如wash-washesgo-goesdo-doeshave-has

45/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing46/861.be

動詞普通現(xiàn)在時句式:

必定句:主語+be+表語1.Heisaworker.2.Youarethirteen.

3.Theyareintheclassroom.

否定句:主語+be+not+表語1.Heisnotaworker.

2.Youaren’tthirteen.

3.Theyaren’tintheclassroom.

普通疑問句:Be+主語+表語?1.一Isheaworker?一Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.2一.Aretheyintheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語?

Whatishe?Howoldareyou?Wherearethey?47/86二、普通過去時1.使用方法:過去動作或狀態(tài)。2.標志詞:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast;justnow=amomentago點擊中考LiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?(北京市中考)A.couldn’the B.couldhe C.didn’the D.didhe48/86b)動詞改變規(guī)則

規(guī)則改變1.直接加ed:work——workedlook——lookedplay——played,2.以e結(jié)尾單詞,直接加d:live——livedhope——hopeduse——used,3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i加ed:study——studiedcarry——carriedworry——worried,4以元音字母+y結(jié)尾,直接加ed:enjoy——enjoyedplay——played5以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,雙寫最終輔音字母+ed:stop——stoppedplan——planned49/86動詞-ed形式組成:在動詞后加-ed以字母e結(jié)尾動詞,只+d“輔音字母+y”,變y為i,再+ed重讀閉音節(jié)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,雙寫+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedanswered50/86不規(guī)則過去分詞getgoeataredocutsaygotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaid51/86不規(guī)則過去分詞takeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen52/86不規(guī)則改變:make-made-mademay-mightmean-meant-meantmeet-met-metmust-mustpay-paid-paidput-put-putwrite-wrote-writtenwin-won-won53/861.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.

A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied

2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.

A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned

3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.

A.hoped;wouldbecome B.hadhoped;wouldbecome

C.hadhoped;willbecome D.hope;willbecome

4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome

54/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing55/86三、現(xiàn)在進行時1.使用方法:A.現(xiàn)刻動作:當前正在發(fā)生動作。B.現(xiàn)階段動作:當前一個時期一直在進行動作,此刻不一定在進行。2.標志詞:now,Look!Listen!中考模擬:--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.(順義)A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplaying56/86普通在動詞原形后+ing以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾,去e,+ing重讀閉音節(jié)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,雙寫這一字母+ing動詞-ing形式組成:writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking57/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssinging58/861.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.arework B.areworked C.work D.areworkingA.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;get B.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswatering B.watering C.waters D.iswatered59/86注意A.有幾個瞬間動詞能夠用現(xiàn)在進行時表未來,如:begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcome B.come C.amcoming D.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leave60/86Theboy____always____us!(夸贊)A.is;helping B.does;helpC.can;help D./;helpB.現(xiàn)在進行時和always連用,表示說話人較強烈感情色彩。You____always_____thesamemistake!(責(zé)備)A.do;make B.does;makeC.is;making D.are;making61/86四、過去進行時1.使用方法:過去某時正在進行動作。2.標志詞:atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when…1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked,went B.waspicking,wentC.picked,wasgoing D.waspicking,wasgoing62/86五、普通未來時1.使用方法:未來動作或狀態(tài)。2.結(jié)構(gòu):willshallbegoingto

3.標志詞:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)(第一人稱)63/862.標志詞:

already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+時間點,for+時間段64/864.shall/will/begoingto之間區(qū)分:

1計劃決定要做某事,普通用begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)。shall往往用于第一人稱疑問句,will可用于任何人稱。2will慣用于表邀請或命令時以及帶有意愿色彩。365/861.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.arego D.went3.---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.are B.shall C.would D.will4.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left66/86六、過去未來時1.使用方法:從過去看將要發(fā)生動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu):wouldwas/were/goingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goes B.willgo C.wouldgo D.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studies B.isstudying C.willstudy D.wouldstudy試題:67/861.使用方法: 12七、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去現(xiàn)在影響:作業(yè)都做完了,我能出去玩會兒嗎?這該死!我都等了一個小時了,他怎么還不來?過去動作對現(xiàn)在影響。I

havefinished

myhomework.

過去動作連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour!68/86ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesforanhour.He________(play)basketballsincethreeyearsago.Howlong_____Sally______(sing)yet?havewashedhasplayedhassung69/866.現(xiàn)在完成時(4)注:上常見有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介詞短語,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。for+時間段since+過去某一時刻a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換b.*時間“點”、“段”須分清70/863.現(xiàn)在完成時和普通過去時異同點: 共同點:動作都在過去。

不一樣點:和現(xiàn)在有沒有關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在相關(guān)過去動作用現(xiàn)在完成,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)過去動作用普通過去。)4.易錯點:121havegoneto+地點,表示“去了某地”。(人已走,還未回。只用于第三人稱。)TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)71/86havebeento+地點,表示“去過某地”。(人已回)IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地點+時間段,表示“在/來某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)272/865.瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞若句中出現(xiàn)時間段,則必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系以下:begin/startbeongotherebethereleavebeawaygethomebehomediebedeadopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedgettoknowknowgetmarriedbemarriedborrowkeepcomeherebeherebuyhave73/861.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad74/861.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.(北京市中考)A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrived B.movedC.come D.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbe B.was C.am D.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.(河南)A.lost B.havelost C.willlostD.didn’tlost75/86八、過去完成時1.使用方法:發(fā)生在過去過去動作。

They

hadgotmarried

whenhecameback.

gotmarriedcameback現(xiàn)在過去過去過去我來晚了!沒希望了!終于結(jié)婚了!好幸福呀!現(xiàn)在完成時76/862.標志詞:bytheendof…,bythetime…,when+普通過去時

過去完成時是一個相對存在時態(tài),判定時必須依據(jù)上下文找到一個能夠作為參考點過去時間,在此參考點前發(fā)生動作都能夠用過去完成時。注意:1.We____learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finished B.havefinished C.hadfinished D.finish2.Thetrain____whenwegottothestation.A.leaves B.haveleft C.wereleaving D.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson____supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascooked D.wascooking77/86時態(tài)綜合試題1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered,went B.waswatering,wentC.watered,wasgoing D.waswatering,wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_________supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washaving C.had D.haseaten78/866.There_________twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave7.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came8.--Katelikeseatingchocolate.--____.Look,sheiseating.(十堰市)A.SoLucydoes B.SodoesLucy C.Sotheydo D.Sodothey9.Kate_________tobeduntilhermother_________back.A.won'tgo,come B.hadn'tgone,cameC.went,came D.didn'tgo,came10.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave11.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.(河北省)A.did;find B.have;found C.has;found D.do;find79/8612.--____totheUnitedStates?(安徽)

--No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.Haveyoubeen B.HaveyougoneC.Didyougo D.Haveyouwent13.Themanwholivedontheislandthoughthe___never____.(廣州)A.will;found B.would;befound C.is;found B.had;beenfound14.--Idon’tknowifhisuncle____.--Ithinkhe___ifitdoesn’train.(重慶)A.willcome;comes B.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comes D.comes;willcome15.--Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,__?--No,shegotuptoolate.(河北)A.hads

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