Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom單元知識點人教版英語八年級下冊

八年級英語下冊Unit3知識點【Usefulexpressions】1.gooutfordinner出去吃飯2.stayoutlate在外面待到很晚3.gotothemovies去看電影4.getaride搭車5.workon從事于，忙于6.finishdoingsth.完成做某事7.cleanandtidy干凈整潔的8.dothedishes洗餐具9.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾10.foldyour/theclothes疊衣服11.sweepthefloor掃地12.makeyour/thebed整理床鋪13.cleanthelivingroom打掃客廳14.noproblem沒問題15.welesb.歡迎某人16ehomefromschool/work放學(xué)/下班回家17.throwdown扔下18.sitdown坐下19eover過來20.takethedogforawalk遛狗21.allthetime一直;總是22.allday/night整日/夜23.dohousework做家務(wù)24.shoutback大聲回應(yīng)25.walkaway走開26.sharethehousework分擔(dān)家務(wù)27.afortablehome一個舒適的家28.insurprise驚訝地29.getsomethingtodrink拿點喝的東西30.hangout閑逛31.passsb.sth.把某物傳給某人32.lendsb.sth.把某物借給某人33.getsth.wet使某物弄濕34.hatetodosth.討厭做某事35.dochores做雜務(wù)36.helpsb.(to)do/withsth.幫助某人干某事37.buysomesnacks買些小吃38.gotothestore去商店39.invitesb.toaparty邀請某人參加聚會40.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事41.awasteoftime浪費(fèi)時間42.inorderto為了43.getgoodgrades44.minddoingsth.介意做某事45.dependon取決于，依賴于46.developchildren'sindependence發(fā)展孩子的獨(dú)立性47.lookafter/takecareof照顧;照看48.doone'spartindoingsth.參與做某事49.atleast至少50.assoonas一...就...51.spendtime/moneyonsth.在...上花時間/金錢52.thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.某人沒必要做某事53.It'sone'sjob/dutytodosth.坐某事是某人的職責(zé)54.havenoidea不知道55.asaresult結(jié)果56.fallill生病【Targetsentences】1.Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?2.Ihavetodosomework.3.Couldluseyourputer?4.Shewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.5.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidl.6.MymomcameoverassoonaslsatdowninfrontoftheTV7.lhatetodochores.8.Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk? 9.—CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?—Ofcourse.10.—Couldyouplease...? —Yes,Sure./Sorry,Ican't...11.—CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?—Sure,thatshouldbeOK.12.—Couldwegetsomethingtodrinkafterthemovie?—No,youcan't.Youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.13.—Couldyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?—OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.14.【Languagepoints】1.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?takeout帶出去；取出takeout為“動詞+副詞”型短語。其接代詞作賓語時，代詞應(yīng)放在take和out之間；接名詞作賓語時，名詞放在take和out之間或out之后均可。Thedogisnoisy.Canyoutakeitout?Iusuallytakemyphoneout/takeoutmyphonewhenIsitdown.【拓展延伸】take...outof...意為“把……從……中取出”。Itookthemoneyoutofmywallettopayforthebreakfast.2.CouldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?finishdoingsth.完成做某事。IfinishedwritingtheEnglishposition.【巧學(xué)妙記】常接ving作賓語的詞（短語）喜歡（enjoy）錯過（miss）別介意（mind）,完成（finish）愉快（havefun）勤練習(xí)（practice）,忙得（bebusy）禁不?。╟an'thelp）想放棄（giveup）。例句：Ienjoyreadingbooks.Doyoumindopeningthewindows?Doeshepracticeplayingthepianoeveryday?3.Andshewon'tbehappyifsheseesthismess.messn.雜亂；不整潔；mess作名詞，常用短語。makeamess搞得一團(tuán)糟（表示動作）beinamess雜亂不堪；陷入困境（表示狀態(tài)）—Don'tmakeamessonthebalcony,Betty. —Sorry,Iwon't.Alltheroomsareinamess.【拓展延伸】（1）mess還可作動詞，意為“使不整潔；弄臟；弄亂”。I'veputthebooksaway.Pleasedon'tmessthemupagain.（2）messyadj.混亂的，凌亂的，不整潔的Whatamessyroom!4.MymomcameoverassoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV.assoonas一……就……assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于theminute(that)。在含有assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，如果主句用一般將來時（或主句含情態(tài)動詞，或主句為祈使句），從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。Thefootballfanscheeredassoonastheyheardtheexcitingnews.Youcangoassoonashees.5.Ithrewdownmybagandwenttothelivingroom.throwv.扔；擲;throw作動詞，其過去式和過去分詞分別為threw和thrown。常用短語有：6.I'mjustastiredasyouare!as...as...像……一樣……as...as...表示兩者在某方面程度相同，as...as...中間用形容詞或副詞的原級。其否定形式為notas/so...as...，意為“不如……”。Doesthedishtasteasgoodasitlooks?Hedoesn'tstudyas/sohardashisbrother.【拓展延伸】as...as...中的第一個as后一般接形容詞或副詞的原級，但有時也與名詞連用,比如：asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+asasmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+asTherearen'tasmanypeopleatthemeetingaswehaveexpected.7.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.neither+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語neitherdidI是“neither+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示前面描述的否定情況也適用于后面。neither在此作副詞，意為“也不”。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的neither也可用nor代替?！狪don'tlikethisdress. —Neither/NordoI.—Tomcan'tplaythepianoatall. —Meneither./NeithercanI.【拓展延伸】so+be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語,表示前面描述的肯定情況也適用于后面。so在此作副詞，意為“也"—Iusuallycleanmyroomonweekends. —SodoI.—LindawenttoShanghaiforatriplastyear.—SodidI2.neither的其他用法：（1）作代詞，意為“兩者都不”。neitherof結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。Neitherofthemhas/haveacar.（2）用于“neither...nor...”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“既不……也不……”，連接兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與鄰近的主語保持一致。NeitherInorheknowsLinda.（3）作限定詞，意為“兩者都不”，常置于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，其對應(yīng)詞為both?！皀either+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Neithersentenceiscorrect.8.“Whathappened?”Sheaskedinsurprise.insurprise驚訝地；吃驚地insurprise常用于動詞之后作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于withsurprise。其中surprise作名詞，意為“驚奇”，含surprise的常用短語還有：toone'ssurprise“令某人驚訝的是”。Simpsonlookedatthemin/withsurprise.Tomysurprise,themanwhohelpedmecleantheyardisourheadmaster.9.CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?hangout閑逛;為固定短語，此時hang的過去式和過去分詞均為hung。Sheishangingoutwithherfriendsintheshoppingmall.【拓展延伸】含hang的其他常見短語：hangup掛斷10.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?passv.給；遞；走過；通過pass在此處為及物動詞，意為“給；遞”。passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.，意為“把某物遞給某人”。如果sth.為代詞，只能用passsth.tosb.結(jié)構(gòu)Hepassedmethemagazine.=Hepassedthemagazinetome.ThisballisOwen's.Pleasepassittohim.【拓展延伸】pass作動詞的其他常見含義：11.①CouldIborrowthatbook?②Couldyoulendmesomemoney?borrowv.借；借用lendv.借給；借出【易混辨析】borrow與lend【拓展延伸】keep也可表示“借”，是延續(xù)性動詞，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。keepsth.forsometime表示“借用某物一段時間”。而lend與borrow是短暫性動詞，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。Nickborrowedabookfromthelibraryandhelentittome.HetoldmethatIcouldkeepitforaweek.【巧學(xué)妙記】主語借出用lend，主語借入用borrow，想要保存用keep。12.I'llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.whileconj.與……同時；當(dāng)……的時候；而；然而（1）while在此處作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)在從句動作發(fā)生的同時，主句動作也在進(jìn)行。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,myfatherwasreadingabook.（2）while作連詞，還可表示“而；然而”，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間的對比。Thisshirtfitsbetterwhilethatonehasanicerstyle.13.invitemyfriendstoaparty.invitev.邀請invite作動詞，意為“邀請”。常見用法有：invitesb.to+地點名詞邀請某人到某地eg:Heinvitedmetohispartyyesterday.invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事eg:Chinesepeopleofteninvitetheirfriendstohavedinnertogether.【拓展延伸】invitation作名詞，意為“邀請；請柬”。acceptaninvitation接受邀請refuse/turndownaninvitation拒絕邀請14.Idonotunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事makesb.dosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其中sb.后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。其否定形式為makesb.notdosth.,意為“使某人不要做某事”。有此用法的詞還有l(wèi)et，have。Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethemlaugh.15.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagoodunivresity.(1)spendtime/moneyonsth.在某事/物上花費(fèi)時間/金錢【易混辨析】spend,cost,take與pay均有“花費(fèi)”的意思，區(qū)別如下：(2)inorderto目的是；為了表示目的，后接動詞原形，其否定形式為inordernotto。Inordertofinishthereport,hestayedupverylate.Jennywillgetupearlierthanusualinordertocatchthefirstbus.【拓展延伸】inorderthat也表示“為了”，其后接從句。有時可與inorderto進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。IworkedhardinorderthatIcouldgetgoodgrades.=Iworkedhardinordertogetgoodgrades.16.Sincetheyliveinonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.(1)sinceconj.因為；既然prep.,conj.&adv.從……以后；自……以來;since在此處作連詞，意為“因為；既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，常位于句首。Sinceyoudon'tknowtheboy,I'llasksomeoneelse.(2)since作連詞，還可意為“從……以后；自……以來”，其引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句常用一般過去時，主句多用現(xiàn)在完成時。Maryhaslivedheresinceshewasfive.(3)doone'spartin(doing)sth.盡自己的職責(zé)做某事Everyoneshoulddotheirpartinprotectingtheenvironment.17.Ourneighbors'songotintoagoodcollegebutduringhisfirstyear,hehadnoideahowtotakecareofhimself.(1)havenoidea不知道（2）takecareof照顧；處理；相當(dāng)于lookafter或carefor。Canyouhelpmetakecareof/lookafter/careformylittlebrother?【拓展延伸】takecare意為“小心；當(dāng)心”，相當(dāng)于becareful或lookout。Takecarethatyoudon'tdrinktoomuch!18.Asaresult,heoftenfellillandhisgradesdropped.（1）asaresult結(jié)果（2）fallill生病19.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.Theearlier...,thebetter:the+比較級，the+比較級表示“越……越……”Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.【GrammarFocus】情態(tài)動詞could的用法1.語法概述:情態(tài)動詞could可用于有禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘埱?，也可用于提出建議。它本身不能作謂語，必須和不帶to的動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。2.用于提出要求或請求“Couldyouplease...?”意為“能請你……嗎？”，用于提出要求或請求。否定形式為Couldyoupleasenot...?—Couldyoupleaselendmeyourbike?—Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly,Ican.—Couldyoupleasegohikingwithmetomorrow?—Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetoprepareforapetition.3.用于請求許可“CouldI...?”意為“我能……嗎？”，用于請求對方允許自己做某事?？隙ɑ卮?Yes,youcan./Ofcourseyoucan./Yes,please.否定回答:Sorry,youcan't./I'mafraidyoucan't./No,youmustn’t.—CouldIhavealookatyournewwatch?—Ofcourseyoucan.Hereyouare.—Mum,couldIgooutforawhile?—I'mafraidyoucan't.Youhavetowashyourclothesfirst.特別提醒：(1)表示請求允許（即請求別人允許自己做某事），could和can都可以用，但could語氣更委婉。Could/CanIein?(2)對別人的請求許可的回答，一般只用can，而不用could.—CouldIuseyourpen?—Ofcourseyoucan.4.用于能力could表示過去的能力，表示現(xiàn)在的能力用can。此時could是can的過去式。CouldyouspeakEnglishthen?Lookingdownfromtheplane,wecouldseethelightontherunway.【拓展延伸】