2024年新高考英語近兩年名校聯(lián)考模擬題07 六選四（上海專用）（解析版）

專題07大選四(解析版)

目錄

1.上海市格致中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試卷

2.上海市盧灣高級(jí)中學(xué)2023年高三英語模擬考試

3.上海市2023年高三“六校聯(lián)合教研”調(diào)研試卷

4.上海市寶山區(qū)2023年高三區(qū)統(tǒng)考試卷

5.上海市格致中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題

6.上海市控江中學(xué)2023年學(xué)高三試卷

7.上海市涌東新區(qū)新川中學(xué)2023年高三試題

8.上海市市北中學(xué)2023年高三試卷

9.上海市同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)2023年高三試題

1().上海市吳淞中學(xué)2023年高三調(diào)研試卷

1.【上海市格致中學(xué)2023?2024學(xué)年高三試卷】

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Thelatestresearchsuggestsamoreprosaic,democratic,evenpuritanicalviewoftheworld.Thekeyfactor

separatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotadivinespark.67Instead,ifsdeliberate

practice.Topperformersspendmorehoursrigorouslypracticingtheircraft.

Ifyouwantedtopicturehowatypicalgeniusmightdevelop,you'dtakeagirlwhopossessedaslightly

aboveaverageverbalability,atalentjustenoughsothatshemightgainsomesenseofdistinction.Thenyou

wouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarbiographicaltraits.Maybethe

writerwasfromthesametown,hadthesameethnicbackground,or,sharedthesamebirthday.

68Itwouldgivehersomeideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoinandfuelaneed

forsuccess.Armedwiththisambition,shewouldreadnovelsandlifestoriesofwriterswithoutend.Thiswould

giveheraprimaryknowledgeofherfield.She'dbeabletoseenewwritingindeeperwaysandquicklyperceive

itsinnerworkings.

Thenshewouldpracticewriting.Herpracticewouldbeslow,painstakinganderror-focused.Bypracticingin

thisway,shedelaystheautomatizingprocess.Hermindwantstoturnconscious,newlylearnedskillsinto

unconscious,automaticallyperformedskills.Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstant

streamoffeedback,viewingherperformancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotake

ontougherchallenges.69Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecancalluponinorderto

understandorsolvefutureproblems.

Theprimarytraitshepossessesisnotsomemysteriousgenius.It'stheabilitytodevelopapurposeful,

laboriousandboringpracticeroutine.Thelatestresearchtakessomeofthemagicoutofgreatachievement.

70_____Andit'struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities.Butthebrainisalsoveryplastic.Weconstruct

ourselvesthroughbehavior.

A.Whethershewasblessedwithagoodsenseoflanguage,thepracticewouldmotivateher.

B,Bynowsheisredoingproblems—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom—dozensanddozensoftimes.

C.Butitunderlinesafactthatisoftenneglected:publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe're

“hard-wired"todo.

D.It'snotI.Q.,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess,eveninrealmslikechess.

E.Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself.

F.Researcherscansafelydrawtheconclusionthatshehasinternalizedtheskillofwritingstories.

【答案】67.D68.E69.B70.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文.文章主要講的是天才的誕生不是因?yàn)樯竦幕鸹?，而是長期嚴(yán)格的練習(xí)。

67.空前“Thekeyfactorseparatinggeniusesfromthemerelyaccomplishedisnotadivinespark.（將天才與僅僅

有成就的人區(qū)分開來的關(guān)鍵因素并不是神的火花）”說明了天才的產(chǎn)生不是因?yàn)樯竦幕鸹?，空后“Instead,it's

deliberatepractice」相反，這是一種刻意的練習(xí)）”說明了天才的產(chǎn)生是來自于刻意的練習(xí)，因此空格處應(yīng)該

說天才的誕生也不是因?yàn)槭裁?，D選項(xiàng)"It'snotI.Q.,agenerallybadpredictorofsuccess,eveninrealmslike

chess.（它不是智商，智商通常是一個(gè)不好的成功預(yù)測指標(biāo)，即使在國際象棋等領(lǐng)域也是如此廠說明了天才

的產(chǎn)生也不是因?yàn)橹巧?，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選D。

68.空前“Thenyouwouldwanthertomeet,say,anovelist,whocoincidentallysharedsomesimilarbiographical

traits.Maybethewriterwasfromthesametown,hadthesameethnicbackground,or,sharedthesame

birlhday.（然后你會(huì)想讓她認(rèn)識(shí)，比如說，一個(gè)小說家，碰巧有一些相似的傳記特征。也許作者來自同一個(gè)

城鎮(zhèn)，有相同的種族背景，或者是同一天生日）”說明這個(gè)女孩會(huì)和小說家見面，空后“Itwouldgivehersome

ideaofafascinatingcircleshemightsomedayjoinandfuelaneedforsuccess.（這會(huì)讓她對(duì)某——天可能力口入的

迷人圈子有一些想法，并激發(fā)她對(duì)成功的需求）”說明了和小說家見面對(duì)女孩的影響，空格處也應(yīng)該是對(duì)女

孩的影響，E選項(xiàng)“Thiscontactwouldgivethegirlavisionofherfutureself.（這種接觸會(huì)讓女孩看到未來的自

己）”說明了和小說家見面給女孩帶來的好的影響，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選E。

69.空前“Thenshewouldfindanadviserwhowouldprovideaconstantstreamoffeedback,viewingher

performancefromtheoutside,correctingthesmallesterrors,pushinghertotakeontougherchallenges.（然后,她

會(huì)找到一位顧問，這位顧問會(huì)提供源源不斷的反饋，從外部觀察她的表現(xiàn)，糾正最小的錯(cuò)誤，推動(dòng)她接受

更艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)）”說的是她會(huì)做什么來推動(dòng)自己接受挑戰(zhàn)，空后“Sheisestablishinghabitsofthoughtshecan

calluponinordertounderstandorsolvefutureproblems.（她正在建立一種思維習(xí)慣，可以用來理解或解決未來

的問題）”也說明的是她做什么事情，空格處也應(yīng)該是她所做的事情，B選項(xiàng)“Bynowsheisredoingproblems

—howdoIgetcharactersintoaroom-dozensanddozensoftimes.（到目前為止，她正在反復(fù)思考問題-

我如何把角色放進(jìn)一個(gè)房間里——幾卜次又幾I?次）”和她創(chuàng)作自己的故事有關(guān)，而且現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和空后句

子的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一致，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選B。

70.空后“Andit'struethatgenesplayaroleinourcapabilities4的確，基因在我們的能力中扮演著重要的角色）'

說明了基因?qū)ξ覀兊哪芰ζ鹬匾淖饔?，空格處也?yīng)該和基因有關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“Butitunderlinesafactthatis

oftenneglected:publicdiscussionisaffectedbygeneticsandwhatwe're"hard-wired"todo.（但它強(qiáng)調(diào)「一個(gè)經(jīng)

常被忽視的事實(shí)：公眾討論受到基因和我們“天生”的行為的影響）''說明了公眾討論受到基因和我們“天生”

的行為的影響，和基因有關(guān)，因此引起下文，符合語境，故選Cc

2.【上海市盧灣高級(jí)中學(xué)2023年高三英語模擬考試】

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

LessonsfromCommencementSpeeches

Asabusinessowner,youprobablydon'tlooktocollegecommencementspeechesasasourceofinspiration

whenyou'refeelingfrustratedordefeated-butyoushould.Herearethreeuniversitycommencementspeeches

deliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyoffields.67

,1.Getcomfortablewithchange/JimmyIovine,USC,2014

Musicmogul（大亨）JimmyIovine'smainadviceistogetcomfortablewithchangeandthefearthatcomes

withit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessfulrecord

company,hebuiltcouldn'tcompetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehadachoice:get

onboardorgetleftbehind.68

.2.Buildbusinessesthatdogood/BillGates,HarvardUniversity,2007

BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,usesthisspeechtoposeaquestionheaskshimself:Howcanyoudothe

mostgoodforthegreatestamountofpeoplewiththeresourcesyouhave?

Foryears,Gateswasunawareofthemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldlivinginpovertyandbattling

diseases.Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationand

advancementisimportant.69GatestellsHarvard,“Humanity'sgreatestadvancesarenotinits

discoveries-butinhowthosediscoveriesareappliedtoreduceinequity.^^

.3.Spendlesstimedreamingandmoretimedoing/ShondaRhimes,Dartmouth,2014

Ifyoufeelbeatenbythedreamsyouhaveforyourbusiness,thisspeechwillsetyoustraight.

AuthorandTVshowproducerShondaRhimestellstheDartmouthgraduates,"Whilesomearebusy

dreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereallyinteresting,engaged,powerfulpeople,

arebusydoing.,,70Youdon'tevenneedtoknowexactlywhatyouwanttodo.Rhimessaysthemost

importantthingistostayopentopossibilitiesandjuststartsomewhere.

A.Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou'rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodel

orimagininghowtogrowyourcompany.

B.Failurecanbeadrivingforce:onethatfreesyoufromfearandencouragesyoutopursuewhatyouwantmost.

C.Intoday'sfast-movingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandculturalshiftsstillneedstobe

preparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.

D.It'smoreimportanttodevelopcreativebusinessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems.

E.Theonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.

F.Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.

［答案】67.F68.C69.D70.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章是來自不同領(lǐng)域的成功人士發(fā)表的三篇大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮演講。

【67題詳解】

空前說“Herearethreeuniversitycommencementspeechesdeliveredbysuccessfulindividualsfromavarietyof

fields.（以下是來自不同領(lǐng)域的成功人士發(fā)表的三篇大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮演講廣，空格處應(yīng)該說明看這些演講的好

處，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Theirwordsareguaranteedtomotivateyoutothinkcriticallyaboutyourbusiness.（他們的話一定會(huì)

激勵(lì)你批判性地思考你的業(yè)務(wù)）''是對(duì)演講里的話的好處的評(píng)價(jià)，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選艮

【68題詳解】

空前說"Musicmogul（大亨）JimmyIovine'smainadviceistogetcomfortablewithchangeandthefearthat

comeswithit.Inhisspeech,Iovineexplainsthathelearnedhisgreatestlifelessonwhenherealizedthesuccessful

recordcompany,hebuiltcouldn'tcompetewiththenewindustrymodelofdownloadingfreemusic.Hehada

choice:getonboardorgetleftbehind.（音樂大亨JimmyIovine的主要建議是適應(yīng)變化和隨之而來的恐懼。在

他的演講中，Iovine解釋說，當(dāng)他意識(shí)到他建立的成功的唱片公司無法與免費(fèi)下載音樂的新行業(yè)模式競爭

時(shí)，他學(xué)到了人生中最重要的一課。他有一個(gè)選擇:要么加入，要么被拋在后面廣說明Iovine認(rèn)為要適應(yīng)變

化，學(xué)習(xí)新的東西，C選項(xiàng)“Intoday'sfast-movingworld,onewithgreattechnologicaladvancementsandcultural

shiftsstillneedstobepreparedtolearn,adapt,andstartoverifnecessary.（在當(dāng)今快速發(fā)展的世界中，?個(gè)擁有

巨大技術(shù)進(jìn)步和文化轉(zhuǎn)變的人仍然需要準(zhǔn)備好學(xué)習(xí)、適應(yīng)，并在必要時(shí)重新開始）”強(qiáng)調(diào)了要學(xué)習(xí)，適應(yīng)變

化，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選C。

【69題詳解】

空前說“Onceherealizedhecouldhelp,hechangedhisapproachtobusiness.Pursuinginnovationand

advancementisimportanl.（當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己可以提供幫助時(shí)，他改變了自己的經(jīng)營方式。創(chuàng)新進(jìn)取是重要的）”,

空格處承接上文，應(yīng)該對(duì)他的改變和創(chuàng)新進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的描述，D選項(xiàng)“Msmoreimportanttodevelopcreative

businessmodelsthatturnprofitsandsolveproblems4更重要的是開發(fā)出能夠帶來利潤和解決問題的創(chuàng)造性商

業(yè)模式）”強(qiáng)調(diào)/開發(fā)和創(chuàng)造，且其中的“It'smoreimportant”和前面的important構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)，因此承接上文，

符合語境，故選D。

【70題詳解】

空前說“Whilesomearebusydreaming,thereallyhappypeople,thereallysuccessfulpeople,thereally

interesting,engaged,powerfulpeople,arebusydoing.（當(dāng)有些人忙于做夢時(shí)，真正快樂的人，真正成功的人，

真正有趣的人，真正投入的人，真正強(qiáng)大的人，都在忙著做事情）“，說明不能光做夢，要行動(dòng)，A選項(xiàng)

“Dreamingisonlyeffectiveifyoufollowitupwithaction,whetheryou'rebrainstorminganewbusinessmodelor

imagininghowtogrowyourcompany4無論你是在頭腦風(fēng)暴一個(gè)新的商業(yè)模式，還是在設(shè)想如何發(fā)展你的公

司，做夢只有在你采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候才會(huì)有效戶說明了不能光做夢，得行動(dòng)，因此承接上文，符合語境，故

選Ao

3.【上海市2023年高三“六校聯(lián)合教研"調(diào)研試卷】

Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?

Posethisquestionataparty,andyou'1probablygetsomepolarizingresponses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,

claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistractingandcannotworkeffectively

withmusicplayinginthebackground.

Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.47

Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludedaneasy

task-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter"a"andamoredifficult

task-memorizingwordpairsandrecallingthepartnertoeachword.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksin

silence,whereasotherscompletedthetaskswithinstrumentalmusicthatwaseitherloudorsoft,andeithersimple

orcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmoreinstrumentaltracks.Severalkeyfindingsemergedfromourstudy.

Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasy

task.48

Converselyparticipantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,

regardlessofcomplexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn'tlistentoanymusic.

Whatshouldwemakeofthesefindings?

Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichbothmusicandtaskscandraw.49

Butwealsocanbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.

Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,

whereasdemandingtasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasier

tasks,there'sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthe

monotony（單調(diào)）.50Listeningtomusiccanbecomeoverkill.

Sooptimalperformanceshouldoccurwhenwestrikea“sweetspot,“whichmaydependonthetypeofmusic

andthetypeoftask.

A.Itjustdependsonwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.

B.However,difficulttasksalreadydemandalotofourresources.

C.However,participantswholistenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.

D.Ourresearchfindingssuggestthattheeffectsofmusicmayalsodependonourpersonalities.

E.Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesareunderutilized.

F.Itcanactuallybehelpfultoputonsomemusicwhenyouworkonsomethingeasyandrepetitive.

【答案】47.A48.C49.E50.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了工作時(shí)聽音樂有利有弊取決于音樂類型和工作類型，沒有明確的

對(duì)錯(cuò)之分。

47.根據(jù)空前的“Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseperspectivescanbetrue.（有趣的

是，我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩種觀點(diǎn)都是正確的。）”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，聽音樂對(duì)工作的影響的兩種觀點(diǎn)都是對(duì)

的，結(jié)下一段中“Theyincludedaneasytask-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingthe

letter"a"andamoredifficulttask-memorizingwordpairsandrecallingthepartnertoeachword.（它彳門包括——個(gè)

簡單的任務(wù)搜索-通過單詞列表并劃掉包含字母“葭的單詞，以及更困難的任務(wù)-記住單詞對(duì)并回憶每個(gè)

單詞的合作伙伴。戶實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)，可知，聽音樂對(duì)工作的影響取決于做的工作類型，A選項(xiàng)“Itjustdepends

onwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.（這只取決于你在做什么工作。）”中的it指的是聽音樂的影響，講述的內(nèi)容

與下文內(nèi)容吻合。故選A項(xiàng)。

48.根據(jù)空前的“Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesame

ontheeasytask.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，聽簡單音樂或不聽音樂的參與者在簡單任務(wù)中的表現(xiàn)大致相同。廣可知，此處

講述的是研究的其中一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)---聽簡單音樂在簡單任務(wù)上的影響，C選項(xiàng)“However,participantswho

listenedtocomplexmusicperformedbestontheeasytask.（然而，聽復(fù)雜音樂的參與者在簡單的任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)最

好。）”中的however以及講述的內(nèi)容與此處內(nèi)容相對(duì)應(yīng)，講述的是研究的另外一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

49.根據(jù)空后“Butwealsocanbecomeoverstimulatedanddistractedwhentheseresourcesareoverwhelmed.（但

是，當(dāng)這些資源不堪重負(fù)時(shí)，我們也會(huì)變得過度刺激和分心。戶中的but可知，空格內(nèi)容與此處講述的內(nèi)

容為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處講述的是任務(wù)過多，也會(huì)分散注意力，根據(jù)also可知，空處講述的為任務(wù)少于此產(chǎn)生

的影響是一樣的，E選項(xiàng)“Wecanbecomeboredandourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesare

underutilized.（當(dāng)這些資源未得到充分利用時(shí)，我們可能會(huì)感到無聊，我們的思想可能會(huì)走神。「講述的內(nèi)

容與空后內(nèi)容相符，邏輯合理。故選E項(xiàng)。

50.根據(jù)空前“However,becausewemightbelessengagedduringeasiertasks,there?sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.

Musicmightgiveustheextraboostweneedtoplowthroughthemonotony（單調(diào)）.（但是，由于我們?cè)谳^簡單的

任務(wù)中可能不太投入，因此偏離的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。音樂可能會(huì)給我們額外的動(dòng)力，我們需要克服單調(diào)。）“可知，

簡單的任務(wù)需要的投入不大，會(huì)造成注意力分散，所以需要音樂給我們動(dòng)力，空后“Listeningtomusiccan

becomeoverkill.（聽音樂可能會(huì)變得矯枉過正。戶可知，音樂可能會(huì)變得矯枉過正，對(duì)應(yīng)空前的“音樂給我們

動(dòng)力去克服單調(diào)”由此可知，此空處對(duì)應(yīng)“簡單的任務(wù)投入不大，B選項(xiàng)“However,difficulttasksalready

demandalotofourresources4然而，困難的任務(wù)己經(jīng)需要我們的大量資源。廣講述的是困難的任務(wù)需要大量

的資源，與空前內(nèi)容“簡單的任務(wù)投入不大”對(duì)應(yīng)，與空后內(nèi)容銜接。故選B項(xiàng)。

4.【上海市寶山區(qū)2023年高三區(qū)統(tǒng)考試卷】

Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.Forexample,the

mysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinesearcheologicalsiteat

Sanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.Inreality,humanscan

seeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunabletounderstandwhat

theycouldsee.47

Ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramaticallywhenthefirsttelescope（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）

wasangledatthenightsky,increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthatthe

universeisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable.Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown,

manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons.

48Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsof

others,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmicocean.

Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented,theHubbleSpaceTelescopewas

launchedintoorbit,givingastronomersindeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakinglybeautifulimagesofour

universetakenfrombeyondEarth.49Ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureofthe

universe,anddiscovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed.

50Currently,Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope,theFAST

telescope,completedin2016.The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”,asitisknown,isbeingusedinthe

searchfordarkmatter.Thisvastdishalsohastheabilitytoexploreregionsofspacebillionsoflightyearsaway,

rightattheedgeofthevisibleuniverse.

A.ThesuccessoftheHubblehasdependedonteamsofengineers,technicians,scientists,andastronauts

workingtogetheronhighperformancechallengesforthecause.

B.Soon,itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxywecalltheMilkyWay.

C.Notknowingwhatthestarswere,peopleinancienttimesusedtheirimaginationstocreateaworldinthe

sky.

D.Toseeevenfurtherintotheuniverse,manycountriesarenowengagedinbuildingevermoreadvanced

telescopes.

E.SomuchoftheMilkyWayremainsunexploredthatwearestillclosetothestartofthisincrediblejourney

ofdiscovery.

F.Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances,fromcloudsofgaswherestars

arebeingbomtonewplanetswherewemightfindlife.

【答案】47.C48.B49.F50.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了人們探索宇宙的發(fā)展過程。

47.根據(jù)前文“Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.For

example,themysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinese

archeologicalsiteatSanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.In

reality,humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunable

tounderstandwhattheycouldsee."（自人類歷史開始以來，夜空一直是無窮無盡的魅力之源。例如,在三

星堆中國遺跡發(fā)現(xiàn)的古蜀國神秘的大眼青銅雕像，被認(rèn)為可以遙望星空。事實(shí)上，人類用肉眼只能看到夜

空中很小的一部分，并且在很長一段時(shí)間里，人們無法理解他們所看到的東西）可知，空處應(yīng)承接前文，

講述人們對(duì)自己所看到的無法解釋的這些東西，產(chǎn)生了一種想象，構(gòu)造了一個(gè)空中的景象。選項(xiàng)C.”由于

不知道星星是什么，占代的人們用他們的想象力在天空中創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)世界?！?，切題，故選C。

48.根據(jù)后文“Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsof

others,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmicocean.^^

（大約300年后，我們了解到，銀河系本身只是數(shù)十億個(gè)星系中的一個(gè)，它散布在黑暗的太空中，就像漂

浮在浩瀚宇宙海洋中的光與物質(zhì)的巨大島嶼。）提到了人們逐步對(duì)銀河系的理解有了深入，所以，空處可

以描述在此之前，人們對(duì)銀河系的認(rèn)識(shí)的情形。選項(xiàng)B.“很快，人們就認(rèn)識(shí)到太陽只是我們稱之為銀河系

的數(shù)十億星系中的一顆?！?，選項(xiàng)中"galaxy”為原詞重現(xiàn)，切題，故選B。

49.根據(jù)前文“Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented,theHubbleSpaceTelescope

waslaunchedintoorbit,givingastronomersindeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakinglybeautifulimagesofour

universetakenfrombeyondEarth."（在第一架地球望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)明近400年后，這架哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡被發(fā)射進(jìn)入

軌道，給天文學(xué)家們以及我們所有人帶來了第一張從地球以外拍攝的宇宙美得令人驚嘆的照片。）講述了

哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡帶給人們對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)識(shí)。后文“Ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureoftheuniverse,

anddiscovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed.”（它還幫助我們計(jì)算

出宇宙的年齡和性質(zhì)，并發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙正在以不斷增長的速度膨脹這一令人難以置信的事實(shí)。）also一詞表明，

空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)同樣講述哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的應(yīng)用的意義。選項(xiàng)F.“從恒星誕生的氣體云到我們可能發(fā)現(xiàn)生命的新

行星，歷史上沒有什么能讓我們?cè)谌绱诉b遠(yuǎn)的距離上看到如此多的東西。”，肯定了哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的使用，

豐富了人們對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)知，切題，故選F。

50.根據(jù)后文“Currently,Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope,theFAST

telescope,completedin2016.The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”,asitisknown,isbeingusedinthe

searchfbrdarkmatter."（目前，中國運(yùn)營著世界上最大、最強(qiáng)大的射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡——FAST望遠(yuǎn)鏡，于2016

年完工。眾所周知，500米長的“天眼”碟形天線被用于尋找暗物質(zhì)。）舉例說明了在認(rèn)知宇宙方面，中國發(fā)

明了射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡?？仗幙傤I(lǐng)整段，應(yīng)提出在探索宇宙問題上，許多國家都在建造更先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡。選項(xiàng)

D.“為了更深入地觀察宇宙，許多國家正致力于建造更先進(jìn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡?！鼻蓄}，故選D。

5.1上海市格致中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題】

TheBitterTruthBehindVanilla

Vanillaisoneoftheworld'smostpopularspicesandanimportantingredientinproductsrangingfrom

chocolatetoperfume.However,thewholesalepriceofvanillahasreachedupto$600perkilogram,whenjusta

fewyearsagoitfetchedatenthofthat.Whatishappening?

Madagascarsuppliesmorethan80percentoftheworld'snaturalvanilla.Inthe19thcentury,theFrench

introducedBourbonvanillatotheirAfricanislandcolony.Today,vanillarepresents20percentofMadagascan

exports,wortharound$600millionatcurrentprices.However,itisadifficultcroptogrow.Avinetakesthreeto

fouryearstomature.67Ninemonthslater,thegreenbeansmustbehand-pickedwhenperfectlyripeto

optimizetheirvanillincontent（thecompoundthatgivesvanillaitsflavor）.Monthsof力07g（焯水）,

山g（炳煮）andgradualdryinginthesunarethennecessarytoproducethe（芳香的）spice.Six

hundredhand-pollinatedblossomsyieldaboutsixkilosofgreenbeans,whichconverttoonekiloofdriedbeans.

ThepriceofMadagascanvanillawasoncesetbythegovernment.68Madagascar'sgovernment

waseventuallyforcedtoenditsprice-fixing-egi/ne（體制）.FoodgiantssuchasUnileverandNestlealsoincreased

theiruseofsyntheticvanillin,whichcanbeproducedfromreliablesources,addingtothepressure.For30years,

Madagascar'svanillafannersearnedjustapittance,andmanyendedupleavingthebusiness.Butevenwithfewer

producers,thepriceofnaturalvanillastayedlow.

Itwasnotuntilpublictastesstartedshiftingtowardsallthingsnaturalthatfarmers9fortunesrevived.From

around2011,somemanufacturersbeganfocusingoncemoreonnaturalvanilla.In2015,Nestleannouncedplans

touseonlynaturalingredientsinfiveyears,andHershey'sfollowedsuit.69Extremeweather,weak

crop-security,andexporterswhohoard山》刎。號(hào)（囤貨）andspeculate（做投機(jī)買賣）onfurtherriseshavealso

keptpriceshigh.

70Topreventtheftoftheirnowrathervaluablecrops,farmershavetakentoharvestingthebeans

early,therebyreducingtheoverallqualityofthecrop.Thatforcesthegovernmenttomakegreatereffortsto

enforce（處罰）.Ifitmanagesthis,Madagascarcouldyetsavorthebenefitsofitsnear（壟斷）.

A.It'sexpensivebecauseit'sbothlabor-intensiveandtime-consumingtogrow.

B.Demandhasthereforesurged,andwithitprices-inpartbecausenaturalsuppliesareinsufficient.

C.Ifpollination（授粉）issuccessful,itwilltakeanothereighttoninemonthsuntiltheplantmatures.

D.Thisrisehasnotbeenwithoutitschallenges.

E.Theflowersopenforjustonedayayear,sopollinationisdonecompletelybyhand.

F.Butsuchwerethepricesitdemandedforvanillathatinthe1980sbuyersturnedtheirattentiontothe

cheaper,poor-qualityversionavailableelsewhere,inparticularIndonesia.

【答案】67.E68.F69.B70.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，香草是世界上最受歡迎的香料之」其批發(fā)價(jià)格高達(dá)每公斤600美元，然而就

在幾年前，它的價(jià)格只有這個(gè)價(jià)格的十分之一，文章講述了其中的原因。

67.根據(jù)上文“Avinetakesthreetofouryearstomature.（藤蔓需要三到四年才能成熟）"及下文“Ninemonths

later,thegreenbeansmustbehand-pickedwhenperfectlyripetooptimizetheirvanillincontent（thecompound

thatgivesvanillaitsflavor）.（9個(gè)月后，青豆必須在完全成熟時(shí)手工采摘，以優(yōu)化它們的香草素含量（香草的

味道來自于這種化合物）''可知，此處是描述香草種植的艱難之處，E項(xiàng)“這種花一年只開放一天，所以授

粉完全靠手工完成”符合語境。故選E。

68.根據(jù)上文“ThepriceofMadagascanvanillawasoncesetbythegovernment.（馬達(dá)加斯加香草的價(jià)格曾經(jīng)由

政府確定）”可知，馬達(dá)加斯加的香草的價(jià)格曾經(jīng)由政府確定，下文“Madagascansgovernmentwaseventually

forcedtoenditsprice-fixingregime（體制）.（馬達(dá)加斯加政府最終被迫結(jié)束了價(jià)格操縱制度）”提到馬達(dá)加斯加

政府最終被迫結(jié)束了價(jià)格操縱制度，所以空處應(yīng)是提及其他可以購買香草的地方，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“但由于對(duì)香草的價(jià)

格要求太高，20世紀(jì)80年代，買家將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了其他可以買到更便宜、質(zhì)量較差的香草的地方，尤其

是印度尼西亞”符合語境。故選F。

69.根據(jù)上文“In2015,Nestleannouncedplanstouseonlynaturalingredientsinfiveyears,andHershey\

followedsuit.（2015年，Nestl6宣布計(jì)劃在五年內(nèi)只使用天然原料，Hershey飛也緊隨其后）”可知，制造商再

次關(guān)注香草，因此空處應(yīng)是提及香草的需求量增大，B項(xiàng)“因此，需求激增，價(jià)格也隨之飆升——部分原因

是自然供應(yīng)不足”符合語境，故選B。

70.上文“Extremeweather,weakcrop-security,andexporterswhohoard山囤貨）andspec〃/a/e（做投HL

買賣）onfurtherriseshavealsokeptpriceshigh.（極端的天氣，脆弱的農(nóng)作物安全，以及囤積庫存并投機(jī)價(jià)格

進(jìn)一步上漲的出口商也使得價(jià)格居高不下）”提到一系列原因使得香草價(jià)格居高不下，下文“Topreventtheft

oftheirnowrathervaluablecrops,farmershavetakentoharvestingthebeansearly,therebyreducingtheoverall

qualityofthecrop.Thatforcesthegovernmenttomakegreatereffortstoenforcepenalties（處罰）.（為了防止現(xiàn)在

價(jià)值頗高的作物被盜，農(nóng)民們開始提前收割咖啡豆，從而降低了作物的整體質(zhì)量。這迫使政府在執(zhí)行處罰

方面付出更大努力）”描述了價(jià)格上漲導(dǎo)致的問題，D項(xiàng)“這種上漲并非沒有挑戰(zhàn)”承上啟下，符合語境，故

選D。

6.【上海市控江中學(xué)2023年學(xué)高三試卷】

Kindness:NatureorNurture?

Itisatypicalsceneinapreschoolclassroom:DanielandHelenareeachhappilyplayingwiththeirowntoys

whenHelensuddenlyeyesDaniel'stoyandwantsit,andshewantsitNOW.DanielseesHelen'sdesireforhistoy

andkindlyextendsittoher.Helensnatchesthetoy,declaring"Mine!”andrunsoffacrosstheclassroomtoshow

offhernewtoytoherotherfriends.Danieldoesnotmind.

Inthisscene,Danieldisplaysprosocialbehavior,whichischaracterizedbyconcernfbrothersandan

intentiontohelpthem.Helen,ontheotherhand,demonstratedselfishbehavior.47Alternatively,was

theresomekindofgenetic