高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法速記精煉講義

高中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)核心語法速記精煉高中英語語法基本框架圖名詞核心考點1：可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加sexperiment(實驗)→experiments;human(人類)→humans(2021);crowd(人群)→crowds(2017);day→days(2016);death→deaths(死亡數(shù)量);person→persons或people2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加es,注意th結(jié)尾直接加sdish(碟子;飯菜)→dishes;branch(樹枝)→branches;box→boxes3以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞變f和fe為v再加esleaf(葉子)→leaves;shelf(架子;書架→shelves口訣助記：妻子(wifewives)持刀(knifeknives)去宰狼(wolfwolves)，小偷(thiefthieves)嚇得發(fā)了慌；躲在架(shelfshelves)后保己(selfselves)命(lifelives)，半(halfhalves)片樹葉(leafleaves)遮目光個別的加sroof(房頂)→roofs;chief(首領(lǐng);酋長)→chiefs;proof(證據(jù))→proofs;chef(廚師)→chefs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加esactivity→activities(2021);study(研究）→studies;strategy(策略)→strategies;factory(工廠)→factories5以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加sphoto(照片)→photos;bamboo(竹子)→bamboos少數(shù)加esheroes→heroes；potato→potatoes口訣助記：黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)愛吃土豆(potatoes)西紅柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes)不規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞1改變內(nèi)部元音字母foot→feet★;tooth→teeth★;goose(鵝)→geese;man→men★;policeman→policemen★2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep→sheep★;fish(活魚)→fish★（魚肉為不可數(shù)名詞）;Chinese(中國人)→Chinese;means(方式)→means;series(系列)→series;species(物種)→species3無規(guī)則變化child→children★;mouse→mice;ox(公牛)→oxen;medium(媒體)→media;bacterium→bacteria(細(xì)菌);phenomenon(現(xiàn)象)→phenomena4合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)passerby(路人)→passersby;soninlaw(女婿)→sonsinlaw無主體名詞將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grownup(成年人)→grownups將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womansinger→womensingers對點練習(xí)AlthoughBeethovencouldn’thearthe__________(instrument)beingplayed,hecouldstillhearthesoundtheymadeinhishead.Therehave

beentwelve__________(death)reported,andallcasesarereportedtohaveahistoryofcigarettesmoking.MakingChinese

__________(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.InSichuanProvince,thegovernmentisclosing__________(factory)downbecausethere’snotenoughenergy.Everyoneissupposedtoputbooksbacktothe

__________(shelf)

whentheclosingbellissounded.(2021年新高考I卷)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________(human)are.(2021全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

__________

(watchtower)tofakepictures...(2024全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural__________(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.(2024浙江1月首考)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforwardlooking__________(one)mayyeteoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.(2024九省聯(lián)考)Now,mostpeoplereachfor__________(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.Key:1.instruments(n.樂器；儀器)2.deaths(n.死亡數(shù)量)3.dishes(n.飯菜；碟盤)4.factories(n.工廠)5.shelves(n.架子；書架)6.humans(n.人類)7.watchtowers（n.瞭望塔）8.wanders(n.奇跡；奇觀)9.ones10.keyboards(n.鍵盤)核心考點2：?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞速記(不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，做主語看成單數(shù)形式)單詞詞義單詞詞義advice建議information信息news新聞；消息furniture家具traffic交通knowledge知識equipment設(shè)備progress進步money錢change零錢hair頭發(fā)baggage/luggage行李homework/housework家庭作業(yè)/家務(wù)活meat肉room空間luck運氣music音樂housework家務(wù)fun樂趣wealth財富milk牛奶weather天氣bread面包food食物work工作paper紙核心考點3：名詞所有格形式所有格形式舉例1‘s/s’類:一般表示有生命的名詞所有格，但時間、距離、國家城市等無生命名詞也可以使用。單數(shù)及不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)’s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞s’。ateacher’sduty一個教師職責(zé);theboss’soffice老板的辦公室;Women’sDay婦女節(jié);Children’sDay兒童節(jié);Teachers’Day教師節(jié);theparents’right父母的權(quán)利;yesterday’snewspaper昨天的報紙;twomiles’walk兩英里的路程；China’shistory中國的歷史注意：thedoctor’s=thedoctor’soffice醫(yī)務(wù)所；theSmith’s史密斯的家（區(qū)分theSmiths史密斯一家人）2of類：一般表示無生命名詞的所有格themouthoftheriver河口;thecoverofthebook書的封面3雙重所有格：由of所有格和‘s/s’或名詞性物主代詞構(gòu)成astudentofmyfather’s我爸爸的一個學(xué)生;afriendofmine我的一個朋友對點練習(xí)(2021年八省聯(lián)考)A________(student)collegeexperienceishisorherown,andthestudentmustputhisorhereducationfirst.Thetouristcenterisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’stwo__________(hour)walk.Paintingisgoodto__________(one)healthandliftsspirits.Icameacrossagoodfriendof__________(I)inthesquaretheotherday,butwedidn’ttalkmuchbecausehewasrushingtocatchthebus.InApril

2020,

the

Suzhou

government

launched

the__________(

nation)firstofflineunconditionalreturnservice.

Key:1.student’s2.hours’3.one’s4.mine5.nationa’s代詞類別主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞功能作主語作賓語作定語修飾n.作主語、賓語或表語=形物代+n.作賓語(必須主賓一致)或同位語第一人稱Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人稱youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves對點練習(xí)(2020全國乙卷)Visitorscanplaywithputersimulations(模擬)andimagine__________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistory.(2021全國乙卷)Ecotourism(生態(tài)旅游)has__________

(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.(2021浙江6月)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof

_________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021新高考1卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwinding(蜿蜒的)roadwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin

(I).Despite__________(he)oldage,Jackisstillinbettershapethanmanyyoungmen.Inhisletter,hethanked(I)formyappreciatinghiswork.__________isbelievedthatitwashisabilitytoworkunderpressurethatledtohisgreatsuccess.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemade__________easierforthepublictospendmoreongifts.You’dbettertakedownthenumberthatJimtoldyoujustnowincaseyouforget__________.Astudyshows

the

students

who

are

engaged

in

afterschoolactivitiesarehappierthan__________whoarenot.TheweatherinBeijinginwinteriscolderthan__________ofShanghai.

Key:1.themselves2.its3.herself4.mine(=mymemory)5.his6.me7.It(形式主語)8.it(形式賓語)9.it(代指thenumber)10.that(指代同類不同物的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,此處指weather)動詞謂語動詞常考的謂語動詞時態(tài)及被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時表常態(tài)的動作狀態(tài)或客觀真理★：do/does;am/is/aream/is/aredone時間標(biāo)志詞:always,often,sometimes,usually,seldom,everday或陳述客觀事實一般過去式表過去的動作或狀態(tài)★:did;was/werewas/weredone時間標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,last...,...ago,theotherday(前幾天),in2021,then(那時),previously(以前)等一般將來時表將來的動作或狀態(tài)：willdo;willbewillbedone現(xiàn)在進行時表現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，現(xiàn)在進行時有時也可表將來：am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone時間標(biāo)志詞：now,currently(目前)過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作：was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成或過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在★：have/hasdone;have/hasbeenhave/hasbeendone時間標(biāo)志詞：since+時間點；for+時間段；recently/lately(最近);inrecentmonths/years…/sofar/uptonow/tillnow/bynow(到目前為止);in/over/duringthelast/past…(在過去的…里)過去完成時表示過去某時之前動作就已完成，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”：haddone;hadbeenhadbeendone時間標(biāo)志詞：...before；by+過去的時間(截止到...前)；before/bythetime+從句現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還會繼續(xù)下去，譯為一直在做...：have/hasbeendoing含有情態(tài)動詞★：情態(tài)動詞can;could/must/should/may;might/will;would+do情態(tài)動詞could/must/should/may;might/will;would/hadbetter+bedone動詞變單數(shù)第三人稱，過去式/過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞單數(shù)第三人稱★一般情況直接加-smean(意味著；意思是)→means(2020)；e→es(2017)以-ch，-sh，-s，-x結(jié)尾加-esteach→teaches；mix(混合)→mixes以-o結(jié)尾加-esdo→does;go→goes以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-escarry(攜帶；搬運)→carries(2020)cry—cries過去式/過去分詞★一般情況直接加-edtouch→touched(2020)start→started(2018)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾直接加-dhire→hired(2021)decide→decided以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edadmit→admitted(2020)prefer→preferred以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-edcarry→carried(2020)try→tried現(xiàn)在分詞★直：一般情況直接加-ingvisit→visitingsay→saying去：以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾去e加-inge→ing(2020)write→writing雙：以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-ingcut→cuttingrun→running特：特殊情況特殊記憶lie(躺；說謊)→lying;die(死)→dying;tie(拴)→tying類型漢語原形過去式過去分詞AB型能cancould/將要；會；…好嗎shallshould/將要；會；愿意；要willwould/可以；也許；可能maymight/AAA型值（多少錢）；花費costcostcost切；剪；削；割cutcutcut打；撞；擊中hithithit傷害；受傷；傷人感情hurthurthurt讓letletlet必須；應(yīng)當(dāng)；必定是mustmustmust放；擺putputput放；安置setsetset關(guān)上；封/禁閉；合攏shutshutshut延伸；展開spreadspreadspread讀；朗讀readreadread/red/AAB型敲打；擊打；打贏beatbeatbeatenABA型變得；成為beebecamebee來；來到ecamee跑/奔跑；（顏色）褪色runranrunABB型ABB型拿來；帶來；取來bringbroughtbrought買buyboughtbought想；認(rèn)為；考慮thinkthoughtthought接/捉住;趕上;染上（疾病）catchcaughtcaught教書；教teachtaughttaught建筑；建立buildbuiltbuilt借（出）；把…借給lendlentlent打發(fā)；派遣；送；郵寄sendsentsent度過；花費（錢/時間）spendspentspent失去；丟失loselostlost粘住；釘住；堅持stickstuckstuck挖（洞、溝等）；掘digdugdug懸掛；吊著；把…吊起hanghunghung感覺；覺得；摸；觸feelfeltfelt保持；保存；繼續(xù)不斷keepkeptkept睡覺sleepsleptslept掃除；掃sweepsweptswept離開；把…留下；剩下leaveleftleft嗅；聞到；發(fā)出（氣味）smellsmeltsmelt拼寫spellspeltspelt溢出；濺出；灑出spillspiltspilt放；擱laylaidlaid付錢；給…報酬paypaidpaid說；講saysaidsaid賣；售sellsoldsold告訴；講述；吩咐telltoldtold坐sitsatsat吐痰；吐唾沫spitspatspat站；立；忍受standstoodstood懂得；明白；理解understandunderstoodunderstood燃燒/著火；使燒焦/曬黑burnburntburnt學(xué)；學(xué)習(xí)；學(xué)會learnlearntlearnt意思是；意指meanmeantmeant糟蹋；損壞；溺愛spoilspoiltspoilt夢；夢想dreamdreamtdreamt喂（養(yǎng)）；飼（養(yǎng)）feedfedfed遇見；見到meetmetmet領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；帶領(lǐng)leadledled成為；得到；具有；達(dá)到getgotgot發(fā)光；照耀；杰出；擦亮shineshoneshone獲勝；贏得winwonwon有；吃/喝；進行/經(jīng)受have/hashadhad制造；做；使得makemademade聽見；聽說；得知hearheardheard打架/仗；與…打仗fightfoughtfought找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)；感到findfoundfound拿/抱；握住;舉行holdheldheldABC型ABC型是bewas/werebeen開始；著手beginbeganbegun喝；飲drinkdrankdrunk（鐘/鈴）響；打ringrangrung唱；唱歌singsangsung下沉；沉沒sinksanksunk游泳；游swimswamswum吹；刮風(fēng)；吹氣blowblewblown（鳥/飛機）飛；（人乘飛機）飛行；（旗子）飄動flyflewflown生長；發(fā)育；種植；變得growgrewgrown知道；了解；認(rèn)識；懂得knowknewknown投；擲；扔throwthrewthrown繪畫；拉；拖；提取（金錢）drawdrewdrawn給…看；出示；顯示showshowedshown打破；損壞；撕開breakbrokebroken偷；竊取stealstolestolen選擇choosechosechosen忘記；忘掉forgetforgotforgotten結(jié)冰freezefrozefrozen說；講；談話；發(fā)言speakspokespoken醒；醒來；叫醒wakewokewoken駕駛；開（車）；驅(qū)趕drivedrovedriven吃eatateeaten落（下）；降落;倒fallfellfallen給；遞給；付出；給予givegavegiven把…藏起來；隱藏hidehidhidden騎（馬/自行車）；乘車rideroderidden上升；上漲riseroserisen拿；服（藥）；乘坐；花費taketooktaken弄錯mistakemistookmistaken（使）動搖；震動shakeshookshaken寫；書寫；寫作；著述writewrotewritten是am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen做；干dodiddone去；走；變得；通往gowentgone躺；臥；平放；位于lielaylain看見/到；領(lǐng)會；拜會seesawseen穿；戴wearworeworn對點練習(xí)(2024浙江1月首考)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets__________(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).(2024九省聯(lián)考)Fountainpens__________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.(2021全國高考甲卷)TheXi’anCityWall__________

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).(2021浙江卷)AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand___________

（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.(2020全國卷II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.(2020年全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose).(2020浙江卷)Byabout6000BC,people__________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2019·全國II卷)IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_________(make)overtheyears.(2018全國Ⅱ卷)Since2011,thecountry__________(grow)morecornthanrice.(2016全國Ⅱ卷)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_______(be)oftenacceptable.There________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years.Singleuseplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey__________(throw)away.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity(長壽).TheexpressionYYDS,literallymeaning“eternalGod”,__________(illustrate)one’sfeelingwhentheyfindsomethingorsomeonegodlike,awesomeandexceptional.PierreCoubertin,aFrenchman,__________(found)theInternationalOlympicmittee(IOC)in1894.Key:1.hasstarted(時標(biāo)：overthelasttwoyears)2.wereused(時標(biāo)：longago)3.wasbuilt(intheTangdynasty)4.sold(并列句)5.carries(表語從句謂語動詞主語decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers動名詞看成單數(shù))6.bechosen(情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))7.haddiscovered(時標(biāo)：byabout6000BC)8.havemade(定語從句謂語動詞時標(biāo)：overtheyears)9.hasgrown(時標(biāo)：since2011)10.is(Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow動名詞做主語)11.hasbeen(therebe的完成時態(tài)therehave/hasbeen時標(biāo)：overthepast20years)12.arethrown(狀語從句謂動)13.beplaced(情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))14.illustrates15.founded(時標(biāo)：in1894)動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞是指不作謂語動詞的動詞形式。非謂語動詞法則：一個英語句子在沒有連詞連接的情況下有且只有一個謂語動詞，如果句子已經(jīng)有了一個謂語動詞，那么其他動詞只能以非謂語的形式出現(xiàn)，在句中作除謂語以外的其他成分。doing:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行/動名詞相當(dāng)于名詞動名詞作主語LearningChineseisveryimportantforTom.動名詞作賓語TomenjoyslearningChinese.動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞作表語Tom’shobbyislearningChinese,forlearningChineseisexcitingforTom.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語TheboyreadinganinterestingChinesebookinthereadingroomisTom.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語ReadingaChinesebook,Tomwasveryinterested.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語IsawTomreadingaChinesebook.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式havingdone作狀語強調(diào)該動作先于謂語動詞動作前發(fā)生HavinglearntChineseforsomanyyears,TomisabletospeakfluentEnglish.不定式todo:表目的或?qū)碜髦髡ZTolearnChinesewellisTom’sdream.=ItisTom’sdreamtolearnEnglishwell.作賓語TomwantstolearnEnglishwell.作表語Tom’sgoalistolearnEnglishwell.作定語TomhastheabilitytolearnEnglishwellandhealsohasaplantostudyinChina.作狀語TolearnEnglishwell,Tomworkshard.=TomworkshardtolearnEnglishwell.作賓語補足語Tom’sfatherinspireshimtolearnEnglishwell.不定式todo的被動形式tobedone作賓語補足語LearningChinesesowellenablesTomtobeinvitedtoChinaasanexchangestudent.過去分詞done:表被動或完成作定語TheboyinspiredbyhisfatherisTom.作狀語Inspiredbyhisfather,TomtrieshisbesttolearnChinesewell.作賓語補足語WefindTominspiredbyhisfatheralot.作表語TomisveryinterestedinlearningChinese.對點練習(xí)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts_________(develop)aftergreateffort.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalfterm_________(rest)._________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,_________(invite)twentynineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirtysixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetreelinedstreet,not_________(know)whereshewasheading.Andwhenhesawthemists(薄霧)risingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.When

___________(face)

with

difficult

situations

in

their

lives,manypeoplefindthemtoochallengingandgiveup.When

___________(face)

difficult

situations

in

their

lives,manypeoplefindthemtoochallengingandgiveup.___________(see)fromthetopofthemountain,ourcitylooksbeautiful.___________(see)fromthetopofthemountain,Ifindourcityverybeautiful.Hehurriedtothehall,___________(follow)

by

twoguards.

___________(plete)in611,theChina’sGrandCanalgrowmoreandmoreimportantthroughoutChinaoverthenext500rears.Inadditionto___________(move)ricearoundChina,itwasalsoanimportantwaterway.Oranges

make

great

gifts

andyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune

Itispossible_________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout_______(find)thewellknownpainter.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.Sheis_________(satisfy)withtheonlineeducationthoughshehasn’thadatraditionalschoolexperience.Thepanyaims_________(promote)bikecultureasalifestylechoice.Chinaisthefirstdevelopingcountry_________(host)theOlympicGamesinmodernOlympichistory.

Childrenmayhavegreater

ability

_________(figure)outthingsthanscientists.Incollege,therearesomanygood

chances

foryou_________(meet)yourexpectations.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysand

enables

them_________(connect)withoneanother.Key1.developed(過去分詞作賓語補足語)2.saying(過去分詞作后置定語)3.resting(spend時間doingsth)4.Tostrenghthen(過去分詞表目的)；inviting(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)5.knowing(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)6.surrounding(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語)7.facing(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)；faced(過去分詞作狀語befacedwith面對)8.seen(過去分詞作狀語)；seeing(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)9.followed(過去分詞作狀語)10.pleted(過去分詞作狀語)；moving(inadditiontodoingsthto為介詞)11.decorated(過去分詞做狀語)12.towalk(it為形式主語todo不定式為真正主語)13.tofind(setouttodosth開始著手做某事)14.tocare(be+adj.+todo)15.satisfied(besatisfiedwith對...滿意/滿足)16.topromote(aimtodo旨在做某事)17.tohost(名詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾的n.后一般用todo不定式作后置定語)18.tofigure(theabilitytodo做某事的能力todo不定式作后置定語)19.tomeet(chancetodosth做某事的機會todo不定式作后置定語)20.toconnect(enablesbtodosth使某人能夠做某事)形容詞和副詞核心考點1：形容詞變副詞規(guī)則類別例詞一般直接加-lyundoubted→undoubtedly毋庸置疑地(2021)extreme→extremely極其地(2020)regular→regularly有規(guī)律地以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的形容詞,變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地easy→easily容易地（2019）特例：shy→shyly害羞地(直接加ly)詞尾為ble/le的形容詞,去掉e再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地；極度地gentle→gently輕輕地(2020)特例：whole—wholly完全地；整體地(雙寫l)詞尾為ue的形容詞,去掉e再加-lytrue→truly真實地詞尾為l的形容詞加ly;詞尾為ll的形容詞直接加-yreal→really真實地(2017)official→officially正式地(2016)full→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully遲鈍地；單調(diào)地詞尾為-ic的形容詞加-allybasic→basically主要地，基本上scientific→scientifically科學(xué)地specific→specifically特定地核心考點2：形容詞/副詞變比較級和最高級規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成例詞原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞后面直接加-er，-estlonglongerlongestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞加-r和-stfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest重讀輔元輔結(jié)尾，先雙寫詞尾的輔音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，先把y變?yōu)閕再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest多音節(jié)(>或=三個音節(jié))和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞都在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlymoreefficientlymoreefficientlyinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingconcernedmoreconcernedmostconcerned2．不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther更遠(yuǎn)的/地（具體概念）farthest最遠(yuǎn)的/地further更進一步的/地★(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年長的)oldest/eldest注意：下列表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級，如：favourite；perfect；excellent；wrong；right；unique；extreme等。對點練習(xí)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___________(extreme)challenging.Thisis___________(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan

___________(easy)seethem.Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange.Inanyunsafesituation,

___________(simple)

pressthebuttonandahighlytrainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.Weare

_________(full)

awareofthedangers.___________(basic),whatweneedfromyouisfinancialsupport.Mydogatemyhomework,andmyputercrashed.

Even___________

(bad),Igotsickthatnight.Itwas

byfar

the___________

(bad)

speechhehadevermade.

Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the___________(hot)thespring!Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch___________(small)thanitistoday.Key:1.extremely2.particularly3.easily4.actually5.simply6.fully7.Basically8.worse;worst9.hottest10.smaller數(shù)詞核心考點1：基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)則規(guī)律單詞一般后加thfour→fourth，six→sixth,seven→seventh，ten→tenth，eleven→eleventh，thirteen→thirteenth，fourteen→fourteenth，hundred→hundredth，1.2.3特殊記one→first，two→second，tree→third8去t,9去e,ve要用f替eight→eighth，nine→ninth，five→fifth，twelve→twelfth幾十ty要變tietwenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth，forty→fortieth，fifty→fiftieth若是遇到幾十幾只變個位就可以twentyone→twentyfirst，thirtyfive→thirtyfifth核心考點2：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞其它重要考點注意區(qū)分：twothousandstudents兩千學(xué)生thousandsofstudents數(shù)以千計的學(xué)生序數(shù)詞前一般用定冠詞the修飾;注意短語：inone’s+整十?dāng)?shù)的復(fù)數(shù)表示在某人幾十多歲，如inone’sthirties在某人30多歲分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)onefourth/aquarter1/4;one/athird1/3;one/ahalf1/2;twothirds2/3fiveeighths/fiveineight/fiveoutofeight5/8:對點練習(xí)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy________(eighteen)birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Then,whenIwasinthe________(five)grade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.Wehadaceremonyonthelawn(草坪)ofCentralHighforthe

________(forty)

anniversary(周年紀(jì)念日).Thoughinher_________(seventy),shestillworked8hoursadayinthepetshop.________(million)

of

the

people

inthe

mountain

areas

are

finallyoffpoverty(貧窮).

Key:1.eighteenth2.fifth3.fortieth4.seventies5.Millions冠詞___________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis___________musttovisit!____________

Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.Theplumtrees(梅樹)are___________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Everybodywears

___________

samestyleofclothes.Hawaiis___________

unique

andunpredictable(不可預(yù)測的)place.“Theyhavebeenwellreceivedsofar,”saidFengJuan,___________engineerfromthepanywhichmakesthemachines.

Then,with___________riseofscience,changesbegan.Key:1.A2.a3.The(the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)表...一家人)4.the(序數(shù)詞前一般用定冠詞修飾)5.the(thesame..相同的...)6.a7.an8.the(withtheriseof隨著...的崛起)介詞常考的介詞搭1.atnineo’clock/dawn/dusk/noon/night在9點鐘/黎明/傍晚/正午/晚上2.attheageof6在六歲時3.atthesametime同時4.atmost/least最多/至少5.onSunday/July1st/acoldwinternight

/thefollowingday在周日/七月一日/一個寒冷的冬日晚上/第二天6.inAugust/spring/2020/thetwentyfirstcentury在8月/春季/2020年/21世紀(jì)7.inthemorning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上8.atahighprice以低價9.onone’sown=byoneself獨自10.inthisway

以這種方法11.showrespectforsb尊敬某人12.withthesewords說完這些話13.atthisnews聽到這個消息14.buysthforsb為某人買某物15.bringsthwithsb隨身攜帶某物16.can’topenthedoorwithoutknowingthepassword不知道密碼不能打開門17.atlow/highspirits情緒低落/高漲18.driveatahighspeed以高速行駛19.waitforawhile

等一會20.ontheInternet

在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上21.haveaneffectonsth對...有影響22.begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人23.apologizetosbforsth因某事向某人道對點練習(xí)Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept__________thelate1980s.Itisestimated(據(jù)估計)thattheoutputwill

increase__________

15%.Whileridinghisbikehome

___________acoldnight，hecameacrossasadlookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Oranges:Orangetreesaremore___________decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist_________earth,MotherNature.Museumsmustpete___________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.

Instead,being

grateful___________smallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree___________engineeringorarchitecture.Key:1.from(from...to從...到...)2.by(benamedby被...命名)3.until(not...until直到...才)4.by5.on6.than(morethan不止；超出)7.on(onearth在世界上/人世間)8.for(petewithsbforsth與某人競爭某物)9.for(begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人)10.in(getadegreein...獲得...學(xué)位)連詞并列連詞及三大從句連詞用法表并列連詞并列關(guān)系and,notonly...butalso(不但...而且),neither...nor(既不...也不),both...and,bedoingsth/abouttodosthwhen（正在做/將要做...這時突然）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,while(然而)，not...but(不是...而是)選擇關(guān)系or,either...or(要么...要么)因果關(guān)系so(因此);for(因為)定語從句關(guān)系代詞(在從句中作成分)先行詞人who/that(主語)；who/that/whom/省略(賓語);whose(定語，表所屬關(guān)系)；介詞+which(物)/whom(人)非限定性定語從句：有逗號隔開；從句不用that；which可以指代前面整句話先行詞物that/which(主語或賓語)；whose(定語，表所屬關(guān)系)關(guān)系副詞(從句完整不缺成分)先行詞為時間用when=介詞+which;先行詞為地點用where=介詞+which;先行詞為reason用why=forwhich名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)that無實義，不作句子成分，后跟一個完整的句子，賓語從句中可以省略whether/if意為“是否”，不作句子成分，后跟一個完整的句子，賓語從句兩者皆可用，主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether特殊疑問詞連接代詞作句子成分：who,whose,which,what連接副詞不作句子成分：when,where,why,how狀語從句時間狀語when(當(dāng)),while(當(dāng)，只和延續(xù)性動詞連用),as(當(dāng)；隨著),before(在...之前),after(在...之后),till/till(直到...),once(一旦),since(自從),assoonas/themoment/theminute/thesecond/immediately(一...就),everytime(每次),thefirsttime（第一次）地點狀語where,wherever(無論什么地方)原因狀語because,since(=nowthat既然，由于),as,for目的狀語sothat(以便于；為了)，inorderthat,incase/forfear(以免；以防)結(jié)果狀語so...that/such...that(如此...以至于),sothat(結(jié)果)條件狀語if,unless(除非),aslongas=solongas(只要)讓步狀語although,though,while,as(雖然),evenif/though(即使),whatever(=nomatterwhat),whenever（=nomatterwhen）...方式狀語as(像),asif/though(好像)比較狀語than(比),as...as（和...一樣),notas/so...as（不如）對點練習(xí)連詞并列連詞Ifoundthecontactinformationofthepany________emaileditspresident.Mybikewasoldandshaky______didthejob.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays________evenafewmonths.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__________someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.連詞定語從句連詞Whenyousleep,

yourbrainsortsthrougheverything

__________

happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.ButSarah,___________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Maybeyouleaveahabit________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Iwillbeonvacationfortwoweeks,

during

__________

IplantovisitseveralEuropeancountries.WealllikeourEnglishteacher,from__________wehavelearnedalot.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________

aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.Selfdriving

is

an

area

_______China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdaily

livesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Wedding

is

an

occasion

__________

brideis

the

mostbeautiful.

連詞名詞性從句連詞Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthe

best._________impressedmemostwasthattheyneverloseheart.Itis

reported

_________

thousandsofpeopleetoConfuciusTempletohaveavisiteveryyear.I

have

a

firm

belief

__________

weshouldnevershyawayfromdifficultsituations.

There

isevidence__________

carshaveaharmfuleffectontheenvironment.

連詞狀語從句連詞Overtime,____________thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.____________

they'reexpensive,theylastforeverandnevergooutofstyle.Weallneedtogetinvolvedinsavingenergy________it’satwork,athome,oratschool.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining_______hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.Key:并列連詞1.and2.but3.or4.and定語從句連詞1.that(先行詞為不定代詞關(guān)系代詞一般用that)2.who3.that/which4.which(介詞+which)5.whom(介詞+whom)6.who(先行詞為those那些人關(guān)系代詞一般用who)7.where8.whose9.that/which10.where11.when名詞性從句連詞1.whether/if(引導(dǎo)賓語從句)2.what(引導(dǎo)表語從句)3.what(引導(dǎo)主語從句)4.that(it形式主語that引導(dǎo)主語從句)5.that(同位語從句)6.that(同位語從句)狀語從句連詞1.when/over(當(dāng)、隨著)2.Although/Though/While(盡管)3.whether(whether...or無論...還是)4.so(so...that如此...以至于)詞性變化動詞或形容詞變名詞1.able—ability能力2.absent—absence缺席3.accept—acceptance接受4.accurate—accuracy精確;準(zhǔn)確5.achieve—achievement成就；實現(xiàn)6.admit—admission承認(rèn)；允許進入7.admire—admiration欽佩；羨慕8.appear—appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌9.approve—approval批準(zhǔn)；同意；贊成10.argue—argument(去e+ment)爭論；辯論11.arrange—arrangement安排12.arrive—arrival到達(dá)13.assume—assumption假定；承擔(dān)14.attract—attraction有吸引力的人或物；景點15.aware—awareness意識16.begin—beginning開始17.behave—behavior行為18.believe—belief