高中英語(yǔ)高考沖刺語(yǔ)法專題8非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜合（學(xué)生版）

高中英語(yǔ)高考沖刺語(yǔ)法專題8：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜合【問(wèn)題查找】單句語(yǔ)法填空。Theparkwasfullofpeople,____________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.TsinghuaUniversity,____________(find)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething____________(eat)!Istoppedthecar________(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.Relaxyourselfeveryday,oryou'llbetootired________(get)goodgrades.WordcamethatChinesesportsdelegationhaswon9medalsinthe2014WinterOlympicsinSochi,Russia,________(rank)the12thofthemedallist.___________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,_____________(measure)overtwometerslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.Withsomanylife'schallenges________(overe),theinjuredsoldierwasluckytohaveatraineddogaroundtoprovidesupport.________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorderfromChinese.【要點(diǎn)精講】非謂語(yǔ)綜合非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式一般式不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作____________或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作____________完成式不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作____________現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作____________，或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式其表示的動(dòng)作____________句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)去分詞與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的__________關(guān)系，表__________例如：①I(mǎi)havealotofreading____________beforetheendofthisterm.本學(xué)期結(jié)束前，我有大量的閱讀任務(wù)要完成。②CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______________________thefirstputer.人們一致認(rèn)為查爾斯·巴貝奇發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。③Noharmseems________________________.似乎并沒(méi)有造成傷害。④Doyoumind________________whilestudying?你介意學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)被打擾嗎？⑤__________________foralongtime,theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.因長(zhǎng)時(shí)間被忽視，這個(gè)男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。⑥________________enoughtime,wearesuretodoitwell.如果給予我們足夠的時(shí)間，我們一定能做好?？键c(diǎn)一辨析謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞觀察下列句子，說(shuō)出劃線部分對(duì)應(yīng)所作成分。1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.概述：1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空完成句子，并歸納。1.Ihope__________(hear)fromyousoon.2.Shesatatthewindow,_________(read)amagazine.簡(jiǎn)單句：簡(jiǎn)單句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了________________，填入________________。3.I_______(do)allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.并列句：有并列連詞but連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，填入________________。4.Thisisthegirlwho__________(live)nextdoor.5.Mydecisionisthatallofus_____________(start)at6o’clocktomorrow.復(fù)合句：從句中缺________________，填入________________。【總結(jié)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件：一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：1.不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)；2.沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。3.還可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)在句中一起做成分。【例題分析】請(qǐng)用下劃線畫(huà)出句中的謂語(yǔ)，并用括號(hào)標(biāo)出非謂語(yǔ)。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的定義與作用教師提問(wèn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中分別可以做什么成分？名稱語(yǔ)法功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過(guò)去分詞√√√√一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1、不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)例句(1)原因狀語(yǔ)多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后。I’mverygladtobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.(2)目的狀語(yǔ)可與soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Tocatchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.(3)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示意想不到的結(jié)果，常用onlytodo。Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.熟記固定結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)only/justto…;too…to…；so/suchasto…；…enough(forsb.)to…(2)be＋adj.＋todosth.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thebookisveryhardtolearn.就我個(gè)人而言，這本書(shū)很難理解。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空氣呼吸起來(lái)很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。2、分詞作狀語(yǔ)形式意義v.ing(doing)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的________________，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作________________，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生having+v.ed(having

done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的________________，________________謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生v.ed(done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的________________being+v.ed(being

done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的________________，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作________________，一般作原因狀語(yǔ)置于句首having

been+v.ed(having

been

done)與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的________________，且_____________謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生Havingworkedfortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Havingbeenlaughedatforhismistakes,theboywasashamedandembarrassed.Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobeefamous.Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.【注意】源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示句子主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being，常見(jiàn)的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、devoted(專注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等。Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本原則分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。即分詞作狀語(yǔ)必須和句中主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系，否則一般不能使用分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ)的句法功能分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可與連詞while或when連用。分詞與不定式作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)把握分詞與句子邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系；區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞表示____________________，過(guò)去分詞表示________________。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone表示分詞的動(dòng)作和句子主語(yǔ)之間是______________，同時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作先于句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.開(kāi)了一天的車(chē)，我們相當(dāng)累。(3)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為主觀上意想不到的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為客觀上順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國(guó)又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。3、有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見(jiàn)的有：generallyspeaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)；franklyspeaking坦白地說(shuō)；judgingfrom/by…根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷；considering…/taking…intoconsideration考慮到……；totellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話；paredto/with與……相比較；tobeginwith首先；seeing…鑒于/由于……；given考慮到，鑒于；supposing假設(shè)，如果；assuming假使；provided(that…)如果；concerning關(guān)于4、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)定義：不定式或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)它也可以有自己的獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在；②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系；③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：①名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞；②名詞/代詞+形容詞；③名詞/代詞+副詞；④名詞/代詞+不定式；⑤名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)。⑥with/without+名詞/代詞+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Thetestfinished(＝Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Withtimepassingby,healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.(time和pass之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Hesatonthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(hands和tie之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)形式功能現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的行為或者正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中過(guò)去分詞done表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone表示將要被做的動(dòng)作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的辨析：(1)準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；(2)準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。Theproblemdiscussedatthelastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.【注意】①作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。fallingleaves正在下落的葉子(表正在進(jìn)行)fallenleaves落葉(表完成)②動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom閱覽室asleepingcar臥鋪車(chē)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作賓語(yǔ)的有________________和________________：只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英語(yǔ)老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書(shū)。只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancy想象,設(shè)想avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid,imagine,risk；can’thelp禁不住,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外，下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(無(wú)法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,thank...for,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in),lookforwardto。①Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見(jiàn)面。②Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽(tīng)到那好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來(lái)。既可以接不定式也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：后接不定式后接動(dòng)名詞regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已做過(guò)某事remembertodosth.記得要做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事can’thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事①I(mǎi)meanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.我本來(lái)打算今天給你這本書(shū)的，可是我忘了。②Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯(cuò)過(guò)這輛火車(chē)意味著你得再等一小時(shí)。四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.“五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)”的感官動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)(see,watch，observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)或完成。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?IwassleepingwhenIheardmynameshouted.2.熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。①make＋賓語(yǔ)＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系),done讓……被做(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯,上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系)))Theymademerepeatthestory.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.②let最常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為“l(fā)et＋賓語(yǔ)＋do”，表示“讓……做……”。Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencetheconsequencesoftheiractionscandobetter.相反，那些讓孩子體驗(yàn)自己行為結(jié)果的父母往往會(huì)做得更好。eq\a\vs4\al(③have＋賓,語(yǔ)＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.使……做某事,,,,,doingsth.使……持續(xù)做某事))\a\vs4\al((賓語(yǔ)與,賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的主,動(dòng)關(guān)系)),done使……被做(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯,上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系)))Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)，克萊爾把行李進(jìn)行了安檢。eq\a\vs4\al(④get＋賓,語(yǔ)＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做,doingsth.使……做))\a\vs4\al((賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),done使……被做(賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯,上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系)))Hegotmetoposttheletterforhim.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.3.固定短語(yǔ)，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式：witheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing（表主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行，或表特征）,sth.done（表被動(dòng)且完成，或表狀態(tài)）,sth.todo（表將來(lái)）))Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.Withalotofworktodo,shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)1.不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)[※非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)]成分不定式動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。常用于固定句型：It’sawasteoftimedoing...；It’snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuseless...doing...；Thereisno...等中。表語(yǔ)(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示未來(lái)的可能性和假設(shè)；但當(dāng)不定式所作的表語(yǔ)僅用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容時(shí)，這時(shí)的不定式只作單純的表語(yǔ)，而不具有未來(lái)的含義。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。例句：①Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.②Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.①Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.②Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.①Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Itisnouseplainingwithouttakingaction.③Thereisnojokingaboutsuchseriousmatters.①Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.②Whatshelikemostislyingonthegrasslandandbathinginthesunshine.分詞做表語(yǔ)(1)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“________________”，而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“________________”。Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.這則消息令人激動(dòng)，我們激動(dòng)了整整一晚上。(2)get,bee,look,seem,appear等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示__________或主語(yǔ)的__________。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們，失敗后我們絕不能氣餒?？键c(diǎn)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在考題中的考查高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的主要考查點(diǎn)有：現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式①表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；②表示自然而然的結(jié)果；表示被動(dòng)和完成表目的【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)，還有onlytodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，以及“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(表情感)＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式的用法也常在高考中出現(xiàn)。命題法1考查不定式作狀語(yǔ)典例(單句語(yǔ)法填空)Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.【解題法】(1)對(duì)不定式作狀語(yǔ)的考查主要在目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)上。熟知一些常用不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)，觀察語(yǔ)境找出答案。(2)在語(yǔ)法填空中，常給出動(dòng)詞形式，考生需要考慮不定式作狀語(yǔ)與分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，熟悉各自的意義及功能。命題法2考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)典例3(單句語(yǔ)法填空)Asforthegame,itwillberescheduledfortomorroweveningatthesametime,_________(depend)ontheweather.【解題法】(1)對(duì)分詞作狀語(yǔ)的考查主要在條件狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)上。找準(zhǔn)分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定答案。(2)在語(yǔ)法填空中，常給出動(dòng)詞形式。考生需考慮現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，熟悉各自的意義及功能。高考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的考查主要有：現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行；表示被動(dòng)和完成；表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生的將來(lái)動(dòng)作；命題法考查非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的用法典例(單句語(yǔ)法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.【解題法】各種非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)的用法(1)熟悉不同的非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)以及一些固定用法。(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，考查非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)一般都給提示詞，考生需分析題意，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境找出被修飾詞與所給動(dòng)詞的邏輯關(guān)系，以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，從而判斷出用哪一形式。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要求考生能分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，熟知幾種非謂語(yǔ)形式的特點(diǎn)，分析動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間以及與邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。命題法考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的用法典例1(單句語(yǔ)法填空)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.典例2(單句語(yǔ)法填空)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.【解題法】(1)掌握一些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義，功能和固定用法。(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是給提示詞的，考生要先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷所填部分在句中所作的成分，然后再結(jié)合句意找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)以及兩者間的關(guān)系，還要清楚非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生時(shí)間，從而確定答案。【查漏補(bǔ)缺】單句語(yǔ)法填空。1.________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofAmerica.2.________(struggle)withdepressionforyears,shenowunderstandstheimportantofbeinghealthy.3.________(give)apush,anobjectwillmoveforwardanddowork.4.FormerChinesepremierZhuRongjiissaid___________(donate)nearly40millionyuanofallofhisbook'sroyalty(版稅)ineoverthepasttwoyears.5.Thestudent________(absorb)inthegamesonthesmartphoneduringclassdidnotnoticehisteacherbehindhim.6.Aman,________(sentence)18yearsago,wasfoundnotguilty,whichamazedmanypeople.Squaredancing,________(see)asawaytorelaxandexercisebysomepeople,hasbroughtaboutlotsofarguments.“Hopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst”isaproverb,________(mean)lifeisbeautifulandfulloffrustrationsaswell.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecitycenter,________(make)itverycrowded.Hesurvivedthecrash,only________(die)inthedesert.【梳理優(yōu)化】一、常考題型：1.語(yǔ)法填空題2.書(shū)面表達(dá)二、解題技巧第一步：辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)第二步：判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)找非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)：作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被修飾的詞是其邏輯主語(yǔ)；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)是其邏輯主語(yǔ)；作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。第三步：分析時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)自帶的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)間或根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境確定時(shí)間。語(yǔ)法填空解題技法面面觀技巧一謹(jǐn)記句法功能技巧二牢記固定搭配技巧三辨清邏輯關(guān)系三、口訣(1)歌訣巧記僅接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：同意提出做計(jì)劃，要求答應(yīng)來(lái)幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心強(qiáng)。agree(同意);offer(提出);intend,plan(打算,計(jì)劃);demand,ask(要求);promise(答應(yīng));help(幫忙);prepare(準(zhǔn)備);decide(決定);refuse(拒絕);dare(敢于);choose(選擇);wish,hope,want,expect(希望,想要);fail(不能);pretend(假裝);manage(設(shè)法);determine(決心)下列動(dòng)詞或詞組一般用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想：admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練：avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice否認(rèn)完成停止賞：deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡：can'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象：forbid,risk,imagine名稱語(yǔ)法功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過(guò)去分詞√√√√【強(qiáng)化鞏固】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Ithasbeensaidbefore,but1._____________(experience)itmyselfhasmademewanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.Irecently2.___________(move)fromCanadatoasmallcityonthesouthcoastofSouthKoreatoworkasanEnglishteacher.Onenight,afteralongdayatwork,Iwasfeelingparticularlywornout.Mylegs3.____________(ache)andIwasn’tlookingforwardto4._________(cook)dinner.JustasIwasaboutto5.____________(push)thekeyintothedoor,theoldlandlady6._________(call)tomeandmotionedmeintoherapartment.Ididn’tunderstandawordthatshesaid,butIunderstoodhersmile.Ifollowedherintoherkitchen,whichsmelledlikethewonderfulKoreanfoodsIwasingtolove.7.___________(put)manydishesoffoodonthetable,shesatdownacrossfromme.Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourpleteinabilitytomunicateinwords.Whenitwastime8.___________(leave),Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,9._________(use)someofthefewwordsIhadlearned.IfeltlesslonelythanI10.____________(expect)thatnight.【課后練習(xí)】一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________(watch)thesingingcontestliveonTV.2.LiNa,thefirst________(achieve)arankingofworldNo.2inAsia,retiredfromtennisinSeptember.3.Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains________(discuss)atthenextmeeting.4.Harry,pleasetellthepeopleseatedand___________(wait)fortheirturnstoetotheheadmaster’sofficetenminuteslater.5.TheofficeoftheStudents'Unionwillcontactthe___________(choose)candidatesforaninterviewinafewdays.6.FengXiaogang,____________(recognize)bymanyasaleadingdirector,lefthishandprintattheTCLChineseTheatre.7.InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere”hasappeared,__________(bine)thesenseof“information”and“atmosphere”.8.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________(connect).9.____________(municate)onWeChatisamonphenomenon,andmorepeoplehardlywriteletters.10.Theability_____________(express)one'sideasomehowdecideshowfaronecangetalonginone'scollege.二、語(yǔ)法填空FabienCousteauwasbornwithdeeplovefortheocean.Hisgrandfatherandhisfatherwereocean1._______________(explore)anddocumentaryfilmmakers.Today,Fabienfollowsinhisfamily'sfootsteptoprotecttheplanet's2._______________(danger)oceanlifeandtries3._______________(strike)abalancebetweenenvironmentalproblemsandmarketeconomies.Fabieniswellknownforhisstudyofsharks.During2000﹣2002,hecreatedaTVspecialbasedonthesharkattacksthat4._______________(occurr)alongtheNewJerseyshorelinein1916.Thenin2003﹣2006,5._______________thehelpofalargecrew,Fabiencreatedasharksubmarinethatenabled6._______________(he)toputhimselfinsidethesharkworld,providingpeoplewitharareviewofthemysteriousandoftenmisunderstoodcreatures.Forthenextfouryears,FabienwaspartofaseriescalledOceanAdventures,7._______________offeredararelookintosomeofthemostfantasticoceanspeciesandenvironments.In2010,Fabienstartedanonprofitprojecttohelprestorewaterecosystemsbyreplantingkeyoceanspecies.FromJune1toJuly2,2014,Fabienandhisteamspent31daysunderwatertodiscover8._______________climatechangeandpollutionareaffectingtheoceans.Fabien'sMission31brokenewgroundbygoingdeeper,longerandfarther.Fabineis9._______________(current)workingonadocumentaryfilmabouttheadventuresofMission31,aswellas10._______________(build)anOceanLearningCentertoprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwiththeopportunitytolearnaboutoceans.三、閱讀理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,hasweledthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtoweleanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirsttimemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogram