Unit4-高一英語單元速記巧練（人教版2019）（原卷版）

Unit4SpaceExplorationUnit4話題太空探索詞匯disappointeddesireindependentsignallackbeyondkeenargueargueattachprocedurevehicleuniverselaunchmankindrecyclecurrentsufficientglobefatalshallowpatternmonitorresourcelimited短語carryonresultinprovideforsbrunoutbecuriousaboutcarryononboardmakegreatprogressinthehopeofdoingsthgetoutofsoasto(dosth)figureoutawasteoftimeandmoneyresultinsaresultprovideforsbinclosingrunout句型So/such…thatIttakessbsometimetodosthbe+adj+enoughtodosth語法不定式做定語和狀語寫作邀請信考點1.Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace．在那之后，蘇聯(lián)集中精力把人類送入太空，于1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。[剖析]不定式短語togointospace作后置定語，修飾thefirstperson，被修飾詞與之構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。拓展“序數(shù)詞(+名詞)todo(sth)”結(jié)構(gòu)若主語和不定式為主謂關(guān)系，則不定式用主動形式 若主語和不定式為動賓關(guān)系，則不定式用被動形式 經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Ihatebeingthelastone________(arrive)atameeting.②In2017,theBankofChinaopenedabranchinSerbia,beingthefirstChinesebank________(operate)inthecountry.能力提升單句表達③我是家里第一個去上大學(xué)的人。Iwasthefirstinmyfamily___________________________________________.考點2．disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的拓展disappointedadj.失望的;沮喪的bedisappointedat/about/with...對……失望 disappointvt.使失望disappointingadj.令人失望的(往往修飾物)disappointmentn.失望toone's(great)disappointment使某人(非常)失望的是經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Hewasso________(disappoint)thathedroveoffinahuff.②Herexpressionshowedher________(disappoint).③Theresponsetoouradvertisementhasbeensomewhat________(disappoint)．能力提升單句表達④令我非常沮喪的是，他決定離開。____________________，hedecidedtoleave.⑤他們對比賽結(jié)果極為失望。Theywerebitterly________________________________．考點3．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望拓展desiren.渴望;欲望havenodesiretodosth不想做某事satisfyone'sdesirefor...滿足某人對……的欲望atsb'sdesire應(yīng)某人的要求 aburning/strongdesiretodosth做某事的強烈愿望Desirev渴望期望desiretodo渴望做……desireforth渴望(得到)某物leavemuchtobedesired令人不滿意;還有許多待改進之處leavenothingtobedesired完美無缺經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Thereisastrongdesire________peaceamongthepeople.②Severalpeoplehaveexpressedadesire________(see)thereport.③Ifyoudesire________(challenge)yourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers'thoughts.能力提升單句表達④我不想惹任何麻煩。________________________anytrouble.4．carryon繼續(xù)做，堅持干拓展表示“繼續(xù)做某事”的短語carryondoingsth goonwithsth carryon(with)sth goondoingsth continuedoing/todosth keep(on)doingsth 經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Hesaidnothingbutjustwenton________(work)．②Canthehumanracecarry________expandingandgrowingthesamewaythatitisnow?③It'ssaidthatastheboatwentdownthebandcontinued________(play)．能力提升單句表達④她的勇敢激發(fā)了他繼續(xù)生活和工作下去的意愿。Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewillto________________________________．考點5．independentadj.獨立的；自立的拓展independentadj.獨立的;自立的 anindependenttelevisionstation 一家獨立的電視臺 independentlyadv.獨立地;自立地independencen:獨立depend.v依靠;依賴 dependon依靠Italldepends.看情況來定。 dependencen.依靠;依賴經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Havingajobgivesyoufinancial________(independent)．②Eachpartoftheorganizationoperates________(independent)oftheothers.能力提升單句表達③離家上大學(xué)使我變得獨立自主得多。Goingawaytocollege______________________________________________.考點6．signalvt.&vi.標(biāo)志著；標(biāo)明；發(fā)信號n.信號；標(biāo)志拓展signalvt.&vi.標(biāo)志著;標(biāo)明; 發(fā)信號signaltosbtodosth示意某人做某事 signaln.信號;標(biāo)志give/sendasignal發(fā)出信號asignalof……的信號 strongsignal強信號經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Chestpainscanbeawarningsignal________heartproblems.②Shesignalled________Tedthatshewasmovingforward.能力提升單句表達③她示意孩子們進來。She______________________________________________________________.考點7．lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏拓展Lackn.缺乏;短缺alackofconfidence缺乏信心Lackvt.沒有;缺乏 lackofsleep缺乏睡眠 forlackof由于缺少… lackconfidence缺乏自信 lackingadj.缺乏;belackingin缺乏 經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Certainvitalinformationislacking________thereport.②Theywereexhaustedfromlack________sleep.能力提升單句表達③她唯一的問題是缺乏自信。Heronlyproblemis____________________．考點8．beyondprep.在更遠處；超出拓展beyondprep.在更遠處;超出bebeyondsb某人無法理解beyondone'sability;非某人所能及超出某人的能力 beyonddescription無法描述beyondone'sreach某人夠不著beyondcontrol無法控制 beyondpare無可比擬 beyondbelief不可思議beyondrepair報廢;無法修理經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Thecouplehasahighsuccessrateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgo________thehomeowner'sexpectations.②Physicsispletely________me.能力提升單句表達③瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天卻冷得讓人難以置信。Swedenislovelyinsummer—cold____________inwinter.④我差一點兒才夠得著把手。Thehandlewasjust____________________．考點9．keenadj.熱衷的；渴望的拓展keenadj.熱衷的;渴望的敏銳的bekeentodosth渴望做某事bekeenonsth熱衷于某事 bekeenondoingsth喜歡做某事 haveakeeneyefor對……很敏銳經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Iwasn'ttookeen________goingtotheparty.②Theywereverykeen________(start)workassoonaspossible.能力提升單句表達③我對物理和化學(xué)并不太熱衷。Iwasn'ttoo_______________________________________________________.考點10．a(chǎn)rguevt.&vi.論證；爭辯；爭論拓展arguevt.&vi.論證;爭辯;爭論arguefor為..辯護arguewithsb與某人爭論 argueagainst據(jù)理反對. argueabout/oversth因某事爭論haveanargumentabout/over因……爭吵argumentn.爭論;爭吵;論點getintoanargumentwithsb與某人爭吵經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Somepeopledisagreewiththis________(argue).②Gallachercontinuedtoargue________therefereethroughoutthegame.③Thereportargues________taxincreases.能力提升單句表達④我們和服務(wù)員就賬單發(fā)生了爭吵。Wehadan______________________________．考點11．resultin導(dǎo)致；造成拓展resultvi.導(dǎo)致;造成resultin/leadto/contributeto導(dǎo)致;造成resultfrom起因于…… resultn.后果;結(jié)果asaresult所以;結(jié)果(是)asaresultof由于，因為 finalresults最后的結(jié)果;期末成績經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresult________ausefulresponse.②Profitshavedeclinedasaresult________therecentdropinsales.③Hisdifficultyinwalkingresults________achildhoodillness.能力提升單句表達④因此，這些作家從來沒有習(xí)慣在草稿上劃掉一大塊，并在空白處寫下修改稿。____________，thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.考點12．provideforsb提供生活所需拓展provide其他相關(guān)短語provideforsb提供生活所需providesthforsb(=providesbwithsth)為某人提供某物provided/providingthat如果;條件是經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Plantsproducesugarsandstarchtoprovidethemselves________energy.②Providefinancialaidandotherbenefits________localpeoples.能力提升單句表達③如果得知他有一個具體的計劃，其他的銀行才會非常樂意提供幫助。Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,____________theyseethathehasaspecificplan.考點13．runout用完；耗盡拓展runout用完;耗盡findout查明;弄清;發(fā)現(xiàn)help(sb)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境pickout挑出;辨別出 tryout試用;試驗 giveout發(fā)出;分發(fā);耗盡carryout實行;實施 turnout結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn) 經(jīng)典練用“動詞＋out”類短語填空①Itwasadifficulttime,buteventuallythings____________allright.②Hegotto____________allthenewsoftware.③Aninvestigationisunderwayto____________howthedisasterhappened.能力提升單句表達④情況越來越糟，給養(yǎng)也快耗盡了。Conditionsaregettingworseand______________________．考點14．a(chǎn)ttachvt.系；綁；貼拓展attachvt.系;綁;貼貼;重視;在一起，有聯(lián)系;附屬attach...to...(=fasten...to...)把……系到……上attachgreatimportanceto非常重視 attachoneselftosb和某人在一起;纏著某人beattachedto依戀于…;附屬于……;為……工作經(jīng)典練單句語法填空①Heisattached________theoldferries.②Natashaattached________(she)tothefilmcrewfilmingatherorphanage.能力提升單句表達③我們在把東西歸檔前先給它們貼上標(biāo)簽。We____________________beforewefilethemaway.④(牛津高階)我認為這項研究十分重要。I________________________thisresearch.語法點：不定式做定語和狀語①Ihavealotofworktodo.②Therewasnothingtobedone.③Toillustratemypoint,Ihavedoneaparativeanalysis.④Manyfarmerswatertheircropstomakethemgrowmorequickly.⑤Wedon'thaveenoughpapertowriteon.⑥Topreventitingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.⑦Canyoufindaproperpersontofinishthisjobintime?[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)]不定式在句中作定語的句子為①②⑤⑦.不定式在句中作狀語為③④⑥.由②句可知，不定式的被動式為_tobedone.動詞不定式的構(gòu)成不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“nottodo”。二、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式Tohavebeendoing1.不定式的一般式∶表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時（幾乎同時）發(fā)生或在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。Ihopetoseeyounextweek.我希望下周能見到你。I'dliketobetoldwhat'sgoingon.我希望被告知正在發(fā)生什么。2.不定式的進行式∶表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生且正在進行。IhappenedtobewatchingTVwhenshecalled.她打來時，我恰巧正在看電視。3.不定式的完成式∶表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。Theyseemtohavecleanedthehouse.他們似乎已經(jīng)打掃過這座房子了。Thefactoryisreportedtohavebeenburntdown.據(jù)報道這家工廠已經(jīng)被燒毀了。4.不定式的被動語態(tài)：不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者而非發(fā)出者Shefeltpuzzledtobeaskedsuchaquestion.被問了這樣一個問題，她很疑惑。三、動詞不定式的語法功能一．動詞不定式作定語具體用法例句動詞不定式作定語常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.今晚我們有許多作業(yè)要做。名詞前有first，last，next，only等詞以及最高級修飾時，其后要用動詞不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一位在奧運會上獲得金牌的女性。抽象名詞attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代詞something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定語。JanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。當(dāng)名詞與定語之間存在主謂關(guān)系時。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我們必須找一個做這份工作的人。[注意]1．動詞不定式作定語時，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。Attention，please.Theastronauthassomethingimportanttosay.請注意，這名宇航員有重要的事情要說。如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。但當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾的名詞是time，place或way時，不定式中的介詞一般可以省去。Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.給我一張紙寫字。Hehadmoneyandnoplacetolive.二、動詞不定式作狀語1．表示目的Shewenttothehospitalto/inorderto/soastoseehergrandfatheryesterday.昨天她去醫(yī)院看望了她爺爺。To/Inordertokeepupwithothers，theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard.為了趕上別人，這個聰明的年輕人一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)?？偨Y(jié)：作目的狀語的不定式前，常加上inorder或soas，但soas不能位于句首。2．表示結(jié)果Heisnotsointelligentastodothat.他還沒有聰明到做那種事。Theastronautissuchahardworkingpersonastomakegreatachievements.這名飛行員如此勤奮，結(jié)果他取得了巨大成就。Thegirlisoldenoughtodoherownthingsindependently.這個女孩足夠大了，可以獨立地做自己的事情了。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亞號來得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。Hehurriedtotheagency，onlytofindthemanagerhadleft.他匆忙趕到代理處，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理已經(jīng)離開了。總結(jié)：動詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：so＋形容詞/副詞＋astodo如此……以致……such＋形容詞＋名詞＋astodo如此……以致……enough＋名詞＋todo/形容詞/副詞＋enough＋todo足夠去做……too＋形容詞/副詞＋todo太……以致不能……不定式短語表示結(jié)果時，常與only連用，暗示一種意外的結(jié)果。3．表示原因I’mdisappointedtohearyoulackthepatience.聽到你缺乏耐心我很失望。Iammorethandelightedtohearthatyouhavewonthefirstprizeinthecontest.我非常高興地得知你在比賽中獲得了一等獎?？偨Y(jié)：不定式作原因狀語，常用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后。4．“be＋性質(zhì)形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中Theprocedureisdifficulttocarryon.這個步驟不易繼續(xù)。Iameasytogetalongwith,soIwillbefitfortheposition.我容易相處，因此，我勝任這個職位。總結(jié)：“be＋性質(zhì)形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式用主動形式表被動意義，如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，需要加上相應(yīng)的介詞，常見的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，light，good，fit，fortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等跟蹤練習(xí)一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstperson________(know).2．Theteenageratlastfoundaway________(improve)hisspokenEnglish.3．Withsomuchhomework________(do),shewillhavenotimetoattendtheparty.4．Ihaveanurge________(help)peopleoutwhenthey’reintrouble.5．Shewasasuperbplayer,buthadatendency________(show)excitement.6．Oncemorepeoplearewired,thepotential____________(change)themainstreammediawillbehuge.7．Failure________(produce)proofofidentitycouldresultinprosecution.8．Weallhavechallenges,butthekeyistohavethecourage__________(face)what’sbadaboutthemandstillfindwhat’sgood.9．Itisanimportantsubjecttohelpstudentsdeveloptheability___________(inquire)forthereformsinscientificeducation.10．Basicallythereisnothing_____________(criticize)inhisworks.11．Thoughhehasshortings,heisaperson________(rely)on.12．Ihaveanappointment________(see)mylawyernextSaturday.13．Thefindingsshowacriticalneed________(invest)indisasterprevention.14．Whenitestoworkleisureconflicts,everyonemusttrytofindaway________(avoid)them.15．Thedecision________(keep)abalanceddietwasmadeonthebasisoftheinformationwehadgot.16．Wedon’thavethefreedom________（do）justwhatwelike.17．Shehasthedetermination_________(overe)allthedifficulties.18．Policemenhavethepower________(arrest)peoplewhodonotobeythelaws.19．Heworkssohardthathedoesn'thavetheenergy________（exercise）.20．Hisfirstnovel________（publish）nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.21．Theresearchercan’tcontrolthedesire______(figure)outthemystery.22．Manyviewthesemeetingsasanoccasion________(refresh)friendship.23．SouthAfricahassubmittedanapplication________（host）theWorldCup.24．China’sefforts________(give)timelytreatmenttothoseinfectedwiththevirusarebeingpraisedbytherestoftheworld.25．Thequestionisverydifficult________(answer)．26．Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasy_____（lose）,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.27．I’mafraidwe’llhavetoworkextrahours,forsomeproblemsarehard

________(settle).28．Wewillbemorethanhappy________(receive)materials,suchasclothes,quiltsandschoolsupplies.29．Wewereastonished_________(see)thebuildingstillinitsoriginalcondition.30．Heisnotsuitable________________(drive)anambulance.31．Hehurriedtothestationonly______(find)thatthetrainhadleft.32．Helefthomewhenhewasyoung,never______(hear)fromagain.33．Hewasdesperate________(know)whohadgotthescholarship.34．Wewaitedfortwohoursonly________(tell)toethenextday.35．Everyteamisfree________(choose)itsownroutefromcontrolpointtocheckpoint.36．Theysetupascientificorganization________(explore)theunknownworld.37．Youcanstillavoidholidayweightgainbytakingeveryopportunity___________(stay)physicallyactive.38．However,largerandmoreprecisestudieswereneeded____(confirm)thebenefits.

39．________(keep)theairfresh,weshouldoftenopenthewindow.40．AsfarasIamconcerned,wearesupposedtotakesteps________(prevent)thisfromhappeningagain.二、完成句子41．為了謀生，他必須每天早起。______________________，hemustgetupveryearlyeveryday.42．Sheboughtadigitalcameraonline________.她為了節(jié)省時間在網(wǎng)上買了一個數(shù)碼相機。43．他回到家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)妻子在等他。Hereturnedhome____________________________.44．小湯姆幸運地逃脫了懲罰。（escape）LittleTomwasluckyto________________.45．他出國后發(fā)現(xiàn)新的環(huán)境難以忍受。Afterhewentabroad,hefoundthenewsurroundingshard__________.46．她大學(xué)一畢業(yè)就找到了工作,真是幸運。Shewas__________ajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.47．每當(dāng)數(shù)學(xué)老師提出問題，他總是第一個舉手的人。Everytimethemathteacherasksquestions,________.48．如果沒有人可以求教，就難以作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。Withoutanyone________，makinganappropriatechoicecanbedifficult.49．林巧稚是第一位在人民代表大會中擔(dān)任重要職位的女性。LinQiaozhiwasthefirstwoman________intheNationalPeople’sCongress.50．Whilewaitingfor________,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.當(dāng)?shù)却龣C會被提升的時候，亨利盡力履行好他的職責(zé)。寫作升華【寫作指導(dǎo)如何寫邀請信】典例分析假定你是李華，想邀請外教Maria一起參觀“厲害了，我的國”攝影展。請給她寫封信，內(nèi)容包括：1.展覽時間、地點；2.展覽內(nèi)容。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearMaria，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours，LiHua步驟一：審題構(gòu)思——分析透徹很關(guān)鍵一、審題1.確定體裁：本文是應(yīng)用文（邀請信），內(nèi)容為邀請對方參觀“厲害了，我的國”攝影展；2.確定人稱：本文的主要人稱為第一人稱；3.確定時態(tài)：以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時為主。二、構(gòu)思第一段：開門見山，點明主題；第二段：介紹時間、地點及展覽內(nèi)容；第三段：期盼回復(fù)。步驟二：精挑細選——核心詞匯想周全1.____________________參觀2.____________________主題為……3.____________________舉行；發(fā)生4.____________________也；還5.____________________參加6.____________________各種各樣的7.____________________……的發(fā)展8.____________________對……有更好的了解步驟三：遣詞造句——由詞擴句雛形現(xiàn)1.我寫信邀請您和我一起參觀攝影展。（invitesb.todosth.）_______________________________________________________________________________________2.展覽將在我們學(xué)校舉行，主題為“厲害了，我的國”。（定語從句）_______________________________________________________________________________________3.展覽將于10月1日早上8點至10點在畫廊舉行。（主謂狀）_______________________________________________________________________________________4.我們學(xué)校的老師和學(xué)生都會參加。（主謂賓）_______________________________________________________________________________________5.我們將欣賞各種各樣精彩的照片。（主謂賓）_______________________________________________________________________________________6.它們展現(xiàn)了我國在科學(xué)、太空探索和交通方面的快速發(fā)展。（主謂賓）_______________________________________________________________________________________7.你將有一個很好的機會來更好地了解中國。（主謂賓）_______________________________________________________________________________________步驟四：斟酌打磨——句式升級造亮點1.把第1、2句升級為含不定式的被動式和過去分詞作定語的句子______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.用beintendedtodo升級第3句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.用aswellas和beexpectedtodo升級第4句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.把第5、6句升級為含定語從句的句子______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.用it作形式主語升級第7句______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________步驟五：連句成文——邏輯銜接連成篇________________________________________________________________________________________________________