2024 年東南亞之巔（英）

Global

Energy

Monitor

ARacetotheTop

2024SOUTHEASTASIA

ARACETOTHETOP:SOUTHEASTASIA2024

Global

Energy

Monitor

ABOUTGLOBALENERGYMONITOR

GlobalEnergyMonitor(GEM)developsandanalyzesdataonenergyinfrastructure,resources,anduses.Weprovideopenaccesstoinformationthatisessen-tialtobuildingasustainableenergyfuture.-FollowusatandonTwitter-@GlobalEnergyMon.

ABOUTTHEGLOBALSOLARANDWINDPOWERTRACKERS

TheGlobalSolarPowerTrackerisaworldwidedatasetofutility-scalesolarphotovoltaicandsolarthermalfacilities.Itincludessolarfarmphaseswithcapacitiesof20mega-watts(MW)ormore(10MWormoreinArabic-speakingcountries)andmediumutility-scaleprojectsdownto1MWglobally.TheGlobalWindPowerTrackerisaworldwidedatasetofutility-scale,onandoffshorewindfacilities.Itincludeswindfarmphaseswithcapacitiesof10megawatts(MW)ormore.

AUTHORS

JannaSmithisaresearcheratGlobalEnergyMonitor.KasandraO’MaliaistheprojectmanagerfortheGlobalSolarPowerTracker.ShradheyPrasadistheprojectman-agerfortheGlobalWindPowerTracker.NassosStylionouisthedatavisualizationanalystatGlobalEnergyMonitor.IngridBehrsinisthedirectoroftheRenewables&OtherPowerprogramatGlobalEnergyMonitor.

EDITINGANDPRODUCTION

DesignandpagelayoutbyDavidVanNess.FiguresandmapsbyNassosStylianou.EditingcontributionswereprovidedbyStefaniCoxandDavidHoffman.CopyeditsbyAmandaDeBord.

ABOUTTHECOVER

Photocopyright?2022benjawanasawalapsakul/Shutterstock.

PERMISSIONS/COPYRIGHT

Copyright?GlobalEnergyMonitor.DistributedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense.

FURTHERRESOURCES

Foradditionaldataonproposedandexistingsolarprojects,seeSummaryDataoftheGlobalSolarPowerTracker.ForlinkstoreportsbasedontheGlobalSolarPowerTrackerdata,seeReports&Briefings.ToobtainprimarydatafromtheGlobalSolarPowerTracker,seeDownloadData.

Foradditionaldataonproposedandexistingwindprojects,seeSummaryDataoftheGlobalWindPowerTracker.ForlinkstoreportsbasedontheGlobalWindPowerTrackerdata,seeReports&Briefings.ToobtainprimarydatafromtheGlobalWindPowerTracker,seeDownloadData.

Supplementaryinformationonthemethodologyusedforthisreportcanbefoundonourmethodologywikipage.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThisreportwasmadepossiblewithsupportfromtheQuadratureClimateFoundation.GEMgratefullyacknowl-edgesthepeerreviewandhelpfulfeedbackfromDr.ChalieCharoenlarpnopparut(SDGMove),DeonArinaldo(InstituteforEssentialServicesReform),andDimitriPescia(AgoraEnergiewende).

MEDIACONTACT

JannaSmith

Researcher,GlobalEnergyMonitorjanna.smith@

GLOBALENERGYMONITOR REPORT|JANUARY2024|2

Global

Energy

Monitor

ARacetotheTop2024:

SoutheastAsia

OperatingsolarandwindcapacityinSoutheastAsiagrowsbyafifthsincelastyear,butonly3%ofprospectiveprojectsareinconstruction

INTRODUCTION

ASEANcountries1collectivelyhaveoneofthefastest-growingeconomiesintheworld,withanincreasingenergydemandtomatch.Astheaverageglobalenergydemandgrewby16%between2015and2021,ASEANdemandgrewby22%inthesametimeperiod.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),energydemandacrossASEANcountriesisexpectedtogrowby3%annuallyuntil2030.

Despitetheireconomicresources,ASEANcountriesfaceadualchallengeinseekingtofulfillenergytransitiontargetsamidstrapidgrowth,giventheeffectsofclimatechange.Amongthemostvulnerable,thesecountriesarealreadyexperiencingflooding,drought,risingsealevelsandheatwaves,allofwhicharestrainingelectricitysuppliesinthecontextofgrowingenergydemand.

ASEANmemberstateshavesetacollectiverenewableenergycapacitytargetof35%by2025.Includingalltypesofrenewablepower,theregionisalreadyclosetomeetingitsgoalbycurrentlyhaving32%ofitstotalcapacitysourcedfromrenewables.Theregioncurrentlyhas28gigawatt(GW)oflargeutility-scale2solarandwindpowerinoperation?—?accountingfor9%oftotalelectricalcapacityintheregion.ASEANwouldhavetobuild17GWofutility-scalewindandsolarcapacityby2025toreachthisgoal.Withonlya3%renewablecapacityincreasenecessarytomeetthis-target,ASEANcountriesareexpectedtonotonlymeetthisgoal,butsurpassit.

TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)memberstatesincludeBrunei,Cambodia,Indonesia,Laos,Malaysia,Myanmar,thePhilippines,Singapore,Thailand,andVietnam.AlthoughTimorLesteisnotyetanofficialmemberstateofASEAN,itisconsideredthe11thmemberinprincipleandwaspresentatASEAN’s43rdSummitinIndonesia.Therefore,forthepurposeofthisreport,TimorLesteisconsideredapartofASEAN.Pleaserefertothemethodologypageforafulllistofcountriesinthereport.

GEMcatalogsallsolarinstallations20MWandgreaterandallwindinstallationsgreaterthan10MW.Both“l(fā)argeutility-scalesolar”and“utility-scalesolar”areusedthroughoutthetexttorefertosuchprojects.

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Atthesametime,however,continuedsupportforgasandcoal,regulatoryhur-dles,andpoliciesunsupportiveofrenewableenergybuildoutarestymyingtherapidtransitionthatisnecessarytobreaktheregion’sdependenceongasandcoalandprogressrenewableenergyinASEANcountries.Whiletheregionhaspoten-tialtoincreaseitsrenewablescapacityseven-fold?—?thisreportdocumentsover220GWofdocumentedprospective3utility-scalesolarandwindcapacity?—?only3%ofASEANcountries’totalprospectivecapacityiscurrentlyinconstruction.Theglobalaverage,barringChina,isovertwicethatofASEANcountries,at7%prospectivecapacityunderconstruction.

Keyfindings

ASEANcountrieshaveover28GWofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityanda20%increaseinoperatingcapacitysinceJanuary2023andmakeup9%ofASEANcountries’totalelectricalcapacity.

Vietnamhasthelargestshareofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityintheregion(19GW).ThailandandthePhilippinesfollow,eachwith3GWofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity.

ThePhilippinesandVietnamareemergingleadersglobally.With99GWand86GWrespectivelyforprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwind,theyhavethe8thand9thlargestprospectivecapacityworldwide.

TheASEANcountrieshavealmostfivetimesmoreprospectiveoffshorewindpowerthanprospectiveonshorewindintheregion,whileprospectiveoff-shorecapacityintheregion(124GW)isnearlytwicethatofthecurrentglobaloffshoreoperatingcapacity(69GW).

InorderforASEANcountriestomeettheirgoalof35%installedrenewableenergycapacityby2025,17GWofadditionalutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityneedstobecomeoperationalamongASEANmembersinthenexttwoyears,yetonly3%(6GW)ofits220GWofprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindiscurrentlyinconstruction.

Prospectiveprojectsareanyprojectsthatareeitherannounced,inpre-construction,orunderconstruction.Additionalterminologyinformationcanbefoundhere.

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I.ASEANCOUNTRIESHAVEINCREASEDOPERATINGUTILITY-SCALESOLARANDWINDBY20%SINCEJANUARY2023

GlobalEnergyMonitor’sGlobalSolarPowerTrackerandGlobalWindPowerTrackercurrentlycatalogmorethan28GWofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityacrossASEANcountries,a20%year-over-yearincreaseinoperatingcapacitysinceJanuary2023.Whileutility-scalesolarcontributesthebulkoftheoverallcapacityincrease(3GWor17%growth),

itwasoperationalwindcapacitythatsawthelargestcomparativerise(2GW,or29%growth)sinceJanuary2023.Offshorewinddevelopmentaccountsfor2GWofatotalof9GWofoperatingutility-scalewindcapac-ity;thisisnoteworthygiventhetechnicalchallengesandassociatedhighercostsofoffshorewindcom-paredtoonshorewind.

Table1:OperatingUtility-ScaleSolar&WindPowerinSoutheastAsiaCountry-leveloperatingutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacity,inmegawatts(MW)

Country

OperatingSolar

OperatingWind

OperatingSolar&Wind

Vietnam

13,035

6,466

19,501

Thailand

1,041

2,092

3,133

Philippines

2,343

675

3,018

Malaysia

1,577

0

1,577

Cambodia

429

0

429

Myanmar

190

0

190

Singapore

186

0

186

Indonesia

21

157

178

Brunei

0

0

0

Laos

0

0

0

Timor-Leste

0

0

0

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker

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Vietnamhasthelargestoperatingcapacityofutility-scalesolarandwind,followedbyThailandandthePhilippines

Vietnamisthecurrentregionalleaderintermsofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity,withmorethandoublethecapacityoftheothermembercountriescombined(over19GWcomparedto9GW).Operationalutility-scalesolarandwindcapacitymakeup25%ofVietnam’stotalenergymix,comparedtotheaverageamongASEANnationsof9%.4Startingin2017,Vietnamdeployedaseriesofcompetitiveandincentivizedinvestmentpoliciestobringutility-scalesolarprojectsintooperation,leadingtoaboominsolardevelopment.Twofeed-in-tariff(FIT)programsweredeployedbyVietnam’sstate-ownedutilityfrom

2017to2020.Upontheexpirationoftheseprograms,Vietnamfailedtoadministerareplacementpricingpolicy.CoupledwithCOVID-19pandemic-ledsupplychaindisruptions,manyprojectswerenotoperationalbeforeFITcut-offdates,andwereleftwithoutlongtermguidanceforfurtherprojectdevelopmentandgridintegration.ThoughVietnamstilladdedover

12GWofutility-scalesolarcapacityfrom2019–2021,gapsinrenewableenergypolicyhavecurtailedtheoperationalizationofutility-scalesolarandwind,with2022seeingthecommissioningof1GWcomparedtonearly4GWin2021.

Figure1:OperatingSolar&WindPowerinSoutheastAsia

Totaloperatingutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacitybycounty,ingigawatts(GW)

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Brunei,Laos,andTimor-Lestedonothaveanyoperatingcapacity.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker

4.Fordetailsondefinitionsandmethodologyseethemethodologypage.

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Map1:SoutheastAsia’sOperatingWindFarms

LocationsofoperatingwindpowerinSoutheastAsia,circlessizedby

megawatt(MW)capacity

Note:Dataonlyincludeswindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Source:GlobalWindPowerTracker

Map2:SoutheastAsia’sOperatingSolarFarms

Locationsofoperatingutility-scalesolarpowerinSoutheastAsia,

circlessizedbymegawatt(MW)capacity

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20metawatts(MW)

ormore.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker

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ThailandandthePhilippineseachhavemorethan

3GWofoperatingutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity.ThailandhasthesecondlargesteconomyofASEANnations,andisseenasalow-riskcountry,withfewbarriersforinvestmentinutility-scalesolarandwindprojects.ThisviewhasfacilitatedthegrowthofThai-land’s3GWofoperationalutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity,nearly67%ofwhichisfromonshorewind

development.ThePhilippineshostsastreamlinedprojectbiddingsystem,withpredominantlyprivatizedpowergeneration,allowingforanunencumberedpipelineforprojectdevelopment.Three-quartersofthePhilippines’operationalutility-scalesolarandwindcapacitycomesfromsolar.

Figure2:Solar&WindPowerCapacityinSoutheastAsia

Proportionofpowercapacitybrokendownbyaggregatepowersource;dashedlineshowsglobalaverageforsolarandwind

Source:EmberClimate

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THEPHILIPPINESANDVIETNAMCONTRIBUTE80%OFASEAN’SPROSPECTIVEUTILITY-SCALESOLARANDWINDCAPACITY,BUTCONSTRUCTIONRATESREMAINLOW

Theleadersforprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityamongASEANcountriesarethe

Philippines-andVietnam,withover185GWinannounced,pre-construction,-andconstructionstatus.-Collectively,thesecountriescontributeover80%

ofASEAN’sprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity.Over60%ofthisprospectivecapacitycomesfromoffshorewinddevelopmentinVietnamandthePhilippines(72GWand52GWrespectively).However,only6.3GW(3%)ofallprospectivecapacityinASEANiscurrentlyunderconstruction.

ThePhilippinesaloneisresponsiblefornearlyhalf(45%)oftheprospectivecapacityofASEANcountries.ThisismorethanfivetimestheprospectivecapacityofanyotherASEANcountry,barringVietnam.The

PhilippineshasestablisheditsGreenEnergyAuctionProgram(GEAP)togrowitsrenewableenergysector.ThePhilippines’latestauction,inMarch2023,(GEA-2)encouragedover300bidstodevelop3GWofsolar,onshorewind,andbioenergywith2024–2026startdates.AsGEA-2wasinitiallysetuptofacilitatethedevelopmentofover11GW,theauctionwasevidentlylargelyundersubscribed.Onthebrightside,how-ever,thecapacitywonbybiddersdemonstrateda

75%increaseoverthefirstauctionin2022,indicatinggrowinginterestinthePhilippines’renewableenergysector.Offshorewindcomprisesthemajority(52%)ofthePhilippines’prospectiveutility-scalerenewablepowercapacity,withfivetimesmoreoffshorewindthanonshore.InApril2023,thePhilippinesadmin-isteredanexecutiveordertooutlinecooperation

Table2:ProspectiveUtility-ScaleSolar&WindPowerinSoutheastAsiaCountry-levelprospectiveutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacity,inmegawatts(MW)

Country

ProspectiveSolar

ProspectiveWind

ProspectiveSolar&Wind

Philippines

36,587

62,809

99,396

Vietnam

10,195

76,023

86,218

Indonesia

16,530

2,486

19,016

Myanmar

340

4,732

5,072

Laos

304

3,680

3,984

Thailand

2,702

435

3,137

Cambodia

2,470

0

2,470

Malaysia

2,372

0

2,372

Singapore

624

50

674

Brunei

30

0

30

Timor-Leste

0

0

0

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker

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betweenprivateinvestorsandthegovernmentintheadministrationofoffshorewindpower.Sincetheorder’senactment,offshorewindcontractsmorethandoubledtonearly80,foratotalcapacityof61GW.

WhileVietnamhasover86GWofprospectivecapac-ity,including72GWofprospectiveoffshorewindcapacity,only2%isintheconstructionphase.Thediscrepancybetweenprospectiveandin-constructioncapacityisdueinparttoVietnam’slackofconciseandreliablerenewableenergypoliciesthatcouldserveasacrucialroadmapforprojectimplementation.Thishasleftmanyfinancierswithoutincentivetomoveforwardwithdevelopment.GlobalEnergyMonitorhascatalogednearly40GWofutility-scalesolarandwindprojectsinVietnamthathaveseennoprogression

orannouncementsinthepasttwoyears?—?atwhichpointtheseprojectsareconsideredshelved?—?further

demonstratingalackofincentivetoprioritizesolarandwindconstructionandgridconnectioninthecountry.

AnadditionalchallengethatVietnam’srenewableenergyeffortsarefacingistheenablingofaJustEnergyTransitionPartnership(JETP),withthesupportofG7countries,inordertoestablishmech-anismstoaccelerateVietnam’senergytransitionandreducethefinancialhurdlestodeveloparobustrenewableenergyeconomy,asitbacksawayfromfossilfueldependence.InMay2023,VietnamreleaseditsdelayedNationalElectricityDevelopmentPlanfor2021–2030,alsoknownasthePowerDevelopmentPlan8(PDP8).AlongwithmappingoutVietnam’sfutureenergymix,thisdocumentoutlinesthetra-jectoryofVietnam’spowerdevelopmentstrategyonimprovingthetransmissionofelectricityfordomestic

Figure3:ProspectiveSolar&WindPowerinSoutheastAsia

Totalprospectiveutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacitybycountry,ingigawatts(GW)

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindproject

phaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Timor-Lestedoesnothaveanyprospectivecapacity.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker

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use.Forinstance,PDP8statesVietnam’sgoalofachievingover27GWofoperationalwindcapacityby2030,afourfoldincreaseonitscurrentoperationalcapacityof6.5GW.ThetrueimpactofVietnam’sJETPandPDP8onthedevelopmentofutility-scalesolarandwindpowerinVietnamareyettobedetermined,asthealignmentofthesepoliciesandfundingschemesarestillindevelopment.

Indonesiahas19GWofprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindcapacity,16.5GWofwhichissolar.Thir-teenGW(70%)ofthis19GWofprospectivecapacityisinannouncedphases.Noprojectsarecurrentlyunderconstruction.

WithinASEANcountries,Laosstandsoutforitssubstantialprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityrelativetothesizeofitseconomy.Notably,Laos’prospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindcapacityrivalsthatofThailand(bothexceed3GW),despiteLaos’economybeingonly2%ofthesize.Further-more,withaneconomyjust3%ofthatofMalaysia’s,Laos’prospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindbuildupsurpassesMalaysia’sbymorethan150%,highlightingLaos’ambitiontopunchaboveitseconomicweight.Laos’developmentofutility-scalesolarandwindisfueledbyfinancialcollaborationwithASEANpart-ners.Impressively,LaosissettohouseASEAN’slarg-estonshorewindfarm,Monsoonwindfarm,whichiscurrentlyinconstructionwithanexpectedcapacityof600MW.

Figure4:HowDoesProspectiveSolar&WindCapacityRelatetoEconomicWealthinSoutheastAsia?

Totalprospectiveutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacitybycountryinmegawatts(MW)inlogscalealignedwithwealthinGDP

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker,IMF

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Map3:SoutheastAsia’sProspectiveWindFarms

LocationsofprospectivewindpowerinSoutheastAsia,circlessizedbymegawatt(MW)capacity

Note:Dataincludesonlywindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

Source:GlobalWindPowerTracker

Map4:SoutheastAsia’sProspectiveSolarFarms

Locationsofprospectiveutility-scalesolarpowerinSoutheastAsia,

circlessizedbymegawatt(MW)capacity

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts

(MW)ormore.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker

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ASEANABILITYTOREACHREGIONAL2025RENEWABLEENERGYTARGETSHINGESONREDUCINGGASANDCOALUSE

WhileASEANmemberstatesareworkingtowardstransparentandsupportiveenergypolicy,ASEAN’stargetof35%oftotaloperatingenergycapacityby2025fromrenewablepoweriseasilyattainableandultimatelyunambitiousforASEAN.ASEANcountriesalreadyhaveanoperatingrenewableenergycapacityof32%,includingoperatinghydropower,geothermal,bioenergy,solar,andwind.

Indeed,thegapbetweenoperationalcapacityandthetargeted35%canbeeasilymetwithutility-scalesolarandwindalreadyinASEANcountries’prospectivepipelines.EveninthecontextofASEANcountries’rapidgrowthinenergydemand?—?anestimated3%annualriseuntil2030?—?ASEANcountriesonlyneedtocommissiontheir6.3GWofutility-scalesolarandwindcurrentlyinconstruction,plusanadditional

10.7GWby2025,inordertomeetthisgoal.5Withover220GWofprospectiveutility-scalesolarandwindinprospectivephasesofdevelopment,and23GWofthissettobecomeoperationalby2025,ASEANcountrieshavethepotentialtosurpassthisgoal.

Furthermore,thisrelativelyunambitiousregionaltargetallowscountrieswithsignificantexistinghydro-powerandrenewableenergy,likeLaos,Cambodia,Malaysia,andVietnam,wheretheaveragerenewableenergymixstandsat58%,tocompensateforcoun-triesthatcontinuetorelyheavilyonfossilfuels,suchasIndonesiawithlessthan15%renewableenergy.Althoughnationalpoliciesdesignedtoattractrenew-ablepowerinvestmentsareaclearsignthatASEANcountriesaregearinguptoincreasetheirsolarandwindcapacity,thismobilizationisunderminedby

entrenchedfossilfuelinfrastructurewhichrestrictsnewinvestmentinutility-scalesolarandwind.

Gasandcoaleachaccountforapproximately30%ofASEANcountries’totalinstalledcapacity,andcoal-firedpowerplantcapacityhasseenanannualgrowthrateof7%since2017.Fossilfueluseislikelytocontinue,asrisingenergydemandsareoutpacingutility-scalesolarandwinddevelopmentinASEANcountries,anddemandisinsteadbeingmetwithayoungcoalfleet.Likewise,nationalenergypoliciestouttheuseofgasasanalleged“steppingstone”intheenergytransition;ASEANnationsarethereforelikelytobenetimportersofgasby2025toaccom-modatethenewbuildoutofgas-firedpowerplants,furtherentrenchingASEANcountriesinfossilfueldependence.Indonesia,thePhilippines,Vietnam,MalaysiaandThailandrepresentASEANcountrieswiththehighestconsumptionandproductionoffossilfuels,aconcerningstatusascontinuedfossilfuelusestifleseffortstoreachnetzerogoals.

Insufficientinvestmentinreinforcingthegridinfra-structureisanotherpersistenthurdleforintegratingutility-scalesolarandwindpowerintocountries’electricalgrids.Forexample,Vietnam’slatestsolarfleethasexperiencedanonslaughtofobstaclesrelatedtogridintegration,whichmayserveasabellwethertoinvestorsofthechallengestheycouldfaceinASEANcountriesopeningsolarandwindmarkets.

However,itisevidentfromprogressinnationalenergypoliciesthatASEANcountriesaremakinganefforttoattractprivateinvestmentinsolarand

5.Fordetailsondefinitionsandmethodologyseethemethodologypage.

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winddevelopmenttohelpalleviatethishurdle.Theseinvestmentsarebeingcourtednotonlyfromout-sidetheregion,butalsoamongASEANcountries.MultilateralpowerpurchasingandtransmissioninfrastructurebetweenASEANcountriesisseeingrapiddevelopment,suchasSingapore’spartnerships

withIndonesiaandCambodiatoimport3GWofrenewableenergyby2028.Intentionalandtranspar-entpolicycanguideASEANcountriesandsendclearsignalstoinvestorsthattheyarecommittedtotheenergytransition.

Figure5:OnlyaFractionofProspectiveSolar&WindPowerinSoutheastAsiaIsCurrentlyInConstruction

Statusofprospectiveutility-scalesolar&windpowercapacity,ingigawatts(GW)

Howtoreadthischart:

widthofbars=%ofprospectivecapacitybystatus

heightofbars=totalprospectivecapacity,ingigawatts(GW)

Construction?Pre-Construction?Announced

200GW

Philippines

150GW

100GW

Vietnam

50GW

Indonesia

Othercountries

combined

Myanmar

0GW

Laos

0

20

40

60

80

100

Percentageofprospectivecapacity(%)

Note:Dataincludesonlysolarprojectphaseswithacapacityof20megawatts(MW)ormoreandwindprojectphaseswithacapacityof10MWormore.

OthercountriescombinedincludesThailand,Cambodia,Malaysia,Singapore,andBrunei.Timor-Lestedoesnothaveanyprospectivecapacity.

Source:GlobalSolarPowerTracker,GlobalWindPowerTracker

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IV.COUNTRYHIGHLIGHTS

Brunei

Bruneiaimstoproduce200MWofsolarpowerby2025andattributeatleast30%oftotalpowergen-erationby2025tosolarenergy.Thisisanincreasefromearliergoalsof100MWforthesameperiod.

Whileeffortsarebeingmadetofacilitatedistributedsolargeneration,therearenoutility-scalesolarorwindpowerprojectsinoperation.Withonly30MWofprospectiveutility-scalesolar,Bruneimustdoubledowninordertoachievetheirlaudable2025target.Whilethereareeffortstofacilitateprivatesectorinvolvementinthedevelopmentandfinancingofrenewableenergy,gascontributesthelargestshareofenergysupply,andgasandcrudeoilaccountfor65%ofBrunei’sGDPand95%ofexports.Thecountryhasalsorecentlysanctionedgasreservestofurtheraddressgasdemands.

Indonesia

Utility-scalesolarandwindpowercontributelessthan1%ofIndonesia’stotaloperatingcapacity.619GWofutility-scalesolarandwindpowerareindevelopment,withover85%ofthispowercomingfromutility-scalesolarpowerdevelopment,yetnoneofthiscapacity

iscurrentlyinconstruction.Indonesiahassetgoalstohave29GWofsolarand9GWofwindby2030,andhassetnetzeroemissionstargetsfor2060.Indonesia’srenewableenergydevelopmentiscomplicatedbytheheavygraspthatfossilfuelshaveonthecountry’senergysector.IndonesiaisinnegotiationswithG7countriesoverstipulationsofthe$20billionJETPinlightofit