數(shù)量遺傳學作業(yè)(侯云鵬)

石河子大學數(shù)量遺傳學 姓名：侯云鵬專業(yè)：作物遺傳育種學號：2013107014學院：農(nóng)學院第一題以水稻組合谷粒長度性狀數(shù)據(jù)(表1)為例,分別進行A、B、C尺度檢驗。答：表1水稻谷粒長度的平均數(shù)和方差世代株數(shù)谷粒長度P1307.57±0.15P22510.08±0.21F188.85±0.14F23868.81±0.59B1528.20±0.42B2659.37±0.53①：計算A、B、C及其方差和標準差：A=P1+F1-2B1A=7.57+8.85-2×8.20=0.02VA=VP1+VF1+4VB1=0.152+0.142+4×0.422=0.2085SA==√VA=0.4565B=P2+F1-2B2B=10.08+8.85-2×9.37=0.19VB=VP2+VF1+4VB2=0.212+0.142+4×0.532=1.187SB=√VB=0.4359C=P1+P2+2F1-4F2C=7.57+10.08+2×8.85-4×8.81=0.11VC=VP1+VP2+4VF1+16VF2=0.152+0.212+4×0.142+16×0.592=5.714SC=√VC=2.38②：通過顯著性測驗判斷所調(diào)查的性狀是否符合加性—顯性模型：表2水稻谷粒長度尺度檢驗尺度平均數(shù)±標準誤tdfpA0.02±0.45660.0438100p<0.01B0.19±0.43590.435995p<0.01C0.11±2.390.0460426p<0.01由于A、B、C與期望值的差異到達極顯著水平，所以加性-顯性模型不適合水稻谷粒長度的遺傳分析。2.以8個玉米自交系組配的完全雙列雜交數(shù)據(jù)〔表2〕為例，首先以品種為固定效應(yīng)計算8個自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力，其次再以品種為隨機效應(yīng)估算性狀的遺傳效應(yīng)。答：①：以品種為固定效應(yīng)計算8個自交系的一般配合力和特殊配合力：表1-原始數(shù)據(jù)方差分析表變異來源自由度平方和均方F-值p值區(qū)組211328.325664.161515.9567處理652428.89537.36763.40390.0001誤差1301427.13710.978總的19715184.35表2-配合力方差分析表變異來源自由度平方和均方F-值p值一般配合力77.3451.04930.28670.9582特殊配合力28353.2612.61643.44770.0001反交28292.595610.44982.85570.0001誤差130475.71243.6593表3-一般配合力效應(yīng)及其比擬LSD法多重比擬(下三角為均值差,上三角為顯著水平)No.均值3685742133.21960.00810.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.000161.40091.81870.12590.08520.00180.00110.00010.000180.35922.86041.04170.84640.10110.07580.01210.002250.2282.99171.17290.13120.14750.1130.02030.0047-0.75743.97712.15831.11670.98540.890.37330.14254-0.85124.07082.25211.21041.07920.09380.45180.18362-1.36164.58122.76251.72081.58960.60420.51040.56141-1.75544.9753.15632.11461.98330.99790.90420.3938表4-字母標記表示結(jié)果處理均值5%顯著水平1%極顯著水平33.2196aA61.4009bB80.3592bcBC50.228bcBC7-0.7574cdCD4-0.8512cdCD2-1.3616dCD1-1.7554dD由表1-5的分析結(jié)果可知：8個自交系品種的一般配合力存在不同程度地差異，由Dunkan多重比擬分析結(jié)果可知：第3個品種的一般配合力到達極顯著水平，明顯高于其他品種〔P＜0.01〕；第6、8、5品種間的一般配合力無顯著性差異〔P＞0.05〕。表5-特殊配合力親本23456781-2.0780.54081.51164.63240.79291.4345-0.13212-3.23632.0845-1.19461.03240.6074-0.52593-0.0634-0.90920.2845-1.52380.82624-0.2551-0.478-1.0863-1.33635-1.9238-0.13210.25126-1.37171.611670.3699表6-反交效應(yīng)親本23456781-5.52.96670.65.53333.63.21671.833321.31671.43331.43330.63330.98331.566731.66672.11.06671.43334.341.21671.36670.86671.66675-0.73330.1-0.260.56670.27-1.8綜上，每種效應(yīng)的方差估計：均值10.6950；一般配合力方差0.1941；特殊配合力方差2.7168；反交效應(yīng)方差1.8297。②：隨機模型分析結(jié)果：表7-各個方差成分的估計與測驗成分方差F-值p值一般配合力-0.68670.08630.999特殊配合力5.00993.44770.0001反交224.0872.85570.0001誤差0.206遺傳參數(shù)估計：加性方差=0.0000顯性方差=5.0099遺傳方差=5.0099環(huán)境方差=10.9780表型方差=15.9879廣義遺傳力=31.34%狹義遺傳力=0.00%3.根據(jù)表3和表4提供的數(shù)據(jù),進行遺傳連鎖圖譜構(gòu)建及QTL定位,并對其及結(jié)果進行分析解釋.(說明:這是一個棉花RIL群體188個家系,在四個環(huán)境下棉花產(chǎn)量性狀的性狀和SSR分析結(jié)果,需要先構(gòu)建遺傳圖譜,在此根底,可分環(huán)境采用WINCARTOPG軟件和多環(huán)境聯(lián)合采用QTLNEKWORK軟件進行QTL分析.分子標記數(shù)據(jù)中但凡標記與親本2相同者計為1,與親本1相同者計為0).答：整理數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建連鎖圖譜(連鎖圖譜的構(gòu)建)，利用QGA軟件處理得出map，繼續(xù)按格式分組整理數(shù)據(jù)，用QTL軟件處理〔命名為map-染色體組、qtl定位用〕。輸出結(jié)果：qtl定位.pre、qtl定位.qnk及下列圖。②．_trait1seedfiberyield_variance_components(populationmean:392.1176)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.01530.00000.01950.9653_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value11-8Mk92-Mk9326.325.3-27.3-18.58645.41810.000604_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)11-80.01530.0195_trait2lintfiberyield_variance_components(populationmean:150.2572)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.01380.06110.01760.9076_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value11-8Mk92-Mk9326.324.0-27.3-7.29562.16870.000770_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)11-80.01380.0176_trait3lintpercent_trait4bollweight_variance_components(populationmean:5.0855)V(G)/V(P)V(E)/V(P)V(GE)/V(P)V(e)/V(P)0.00120.36960.01190.6173_QTL_effectQTLintervalpositionrangeASEP-Value13-1Mk108-Mk1093.01.0-5.00.02540.02150.238102_QTL_heritabilityQTLh^2(a)h^2(ae)13-10.00120.0119注：以下列圖均在見于連鎖圖.excel4.已表5數(shù)據(jù)為例，評價參試品系的一般適應(yīng)性和特殊適應(yīng)性。答：注：V1-V8分別為NSW11，WOH830，NTH139，中飼237，WH00-3，WOH1236，H1890，新冬17號。E1-E4分別為122團，142團，166團，石河子大學。一般適應(yīng)性：指的是品種對一系列環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性?！惨话銇碚f這樣的品種G×E互作小。〕特殊適應(yīng)性：指的是品種對特地環(huán)境下的緊密適應(yīng)性。〔一般來說這樣的品種有較大的G×E互作〕。一般適應(yīng)性：〔品種穩(wěn)定性可用來反映該品系的一般適應(yīng)性〕利用DPS數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件采用品種區(qū)域試驗-品種穩(wěn)定性分析〔2年-4個地點-8個品系〕圖1-品種穩(wěn)定性示意圖估計品種穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)的方差分析(一)變異來源dfSSMSF值p總的316.8684品種70.84410.12063.15270.0271環(huán)境+(品種X環(huán)境)246.02430.251環(huán)境(線性)14.27454.2745品種X環(huán)境(線性)71.13790.16264.250.0079合并離差160.6120.0382估計品種穩(wěn)定性參數(shù)的方差分析(二)不考慮環(huán)境區(qū)組的變異來源dfSSMSF值pSdi^2F值pv120.19140.09574.26650.01540.07332.81050.0623v220.01620.00810.36150.6971-0.01430.23810.7883v320.09810.04912.1870.1150.02661.44070.2389v420.08270.04141.84480.16080.01891.21520.2986v520.04060.02030.90410.4066-0.00220.59560.5521v620.06040.03021.34630.26260.00780.88690.4134v720.04330.02170.96580.3825-0.00080.63620.5302v820.07930.03961.7670.17360.01721.1640.3141試驗誤差1964.39580.0224不考慮環(huán)境區(qū)組的試驗誤差2247.62640.034Shukla模型分析No.品種均值方差F值p值V12.59840.08342.45030.0644V22.78660.03380.9940.3965V32.820.0671.96780.1197V42.69410.04031.18440.3165V52.81190.03961.16190.3251V62.88130.05351.57240.1969V72.68910.0712.08510.103V83.17410.27798.16330.0001品種穩(wěn)定性Tai模式分析No.品種均值αλpv12.59840.06183.59160.2427v22.78660.11241.40280.5085v32.820.10782.70360.3087v42.6941-0.07371.89060.4099v52.81190.10511.67430.4487v62.88130.11252.15480.3706v72.6891-0.1432.56160.3227v83.1741-0.28288.48510.1111由Shukla模型分析結(jié)果可知：F值越小，那么說明品種的基因型越穩(wěn)定。與計算出的F值相比擬：F值不顯著時，那么認為該品種穩(wěn)定，F(xiàn)值到達顯著水平，那么認為該品種不穩(wěn)定?？纱丝芍猇2品種的一般適應(yīng)性強于其他品種。戴喬治法(C.C.C.Tai)模式分析：當a＝-1，λ＝l時，該品種為完全穩(wěn)定性品種；其產(chǎn)量不受環(huán)境變化的影響，但是實際上完全穩(wěn)定性品種是不存在的；當a＝0，λ=l時，該品種為平均穩(wěn)定性品種，是任何優(yōu)良品種能獲得和滿足穩(wěn)定性概率水平的。綜合比擬結(jié)果與Shukla模型分析結(jié)果相一致。表品比試驗結(jié)果AMMI分析變異來源dfSSMSFProb.總的255115.95790.4547處理3154.9471.77256.50760.0001基因76.75270.96473.54170.0012環(huán)境334.195811.398641.84970.0001交互作用2113.99850.66662.44740.0006PCA199.71351.07934.63050.0001PCA273.11970.44571.91210.0687殘差51.16540.2331誤差22461.01090.2724變量產(chǎn)量平均離差PCA1PCA2特征向量1特征向量2NSW112.5984-0.2085-0.18480.4958-0.1760.6274WOH8302.7866-0.0204-0.3023-0.0789-0.2879-0.0999NTH1392.820.0131-0.2188-0.4468-0.2085-0.5654中飼2372.6941-0.11290.10770.14850.10260.1879WH00-32.81190.005-0.2371-0.3031-0.2259-0.3836WOH12362.88130.0743-0.33260.2145-0.31680.2714H18902.6891-0.11790.39940.06380.38040.0807新冬17號3.17410.36710.7685-0.09370.7321-0.1186122團2.83830.03140.123-0.67160.1171-0.8499142團2.8058-0.0011-0.23190.118-0.22090.1493166團3.3080.5011-0.66210.2212-0.63080.2799石河子大學2.2756-0.53130.77110.33250.73460.4207②．特殊適應(yīng)性：利用DPS數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件采用品種區(qū)域試驗-多年多點分析〔2年-4個地點-8個品系〕。表環(huán)境×品種平均產(chǎn)量環(huán)境\品種E_1E_2E_3E_4平均V12.29382.56133.41882.122.5984V22.82752.893.44251.98632.7866V33.13252.76133.40251.98382.82V42.60252.942.9952.23882.6941V53.02132.8053.41872.00252.8119V62.72383.013.63252.15882.8813V72.742.512.99882.50752.6891V83.3652.96883.1553.20753.1741平均2.83832.80583.3082.27562.8069各個品種差異顯著性測定Duncan多重比擬(下三角為均值差,上三角為顯著水平)No.均值8635247183.17410.01860.00710.00730.0050.00070.00070.000162.88130.29280.60760.58510.47240.16660.16230.043432.820.35410.06130.94560.79230