新概念英語(yǔ)2筆記

Lesson1Aprivateconversation【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)〔12〕privateadj.私人的conversationn.談話theatren.劇場(chǎng)，戲院seatn.座位playn.戲loudlyadv.大聲地angryadj.生氣的angrilyadv.生氣地attentionn.注意bearv.容忍businessn.事rudelyadv.無(wú)禮地，粗魯?shù)亍飌rivateadj.私人的①adj.私人的privatelife私生活privateschool私立學(xué)校It'smyprivateletter.〔如果媽媽想看你的信〕It'smyprivatehouse.〔如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子〕②adj.普通的privatecitizen普通公民I’maprivatecitizen.〔citizenn.公民〕privatesoldier大兵《PrivateRyan》〔《拯救大兵瑞恩》〕publicadj.公眾的，公開(kāi)的〔private的反義詞〕publicschool公立學(xué)校publicletter公開(kāi)信publicplace公共場(chǎng)所privacyn.隱私It’sprivacy.這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)★conversationn.談話havea+talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip名詞變動(dòng)詞conversation一般用于正式文體中,內(nèi)容上往往不正式subjectofconversation話題Theyarehavingaconversation.talk內(nèi)容可正式可不正式,也可以私人Let’shaveatalk.dialogue對(duì)話,可以指正式國(guó)家與國(guó)家會(huì)談ChinaandKoreaarehavingadialogue.chat閑聊，就是北京人說(shuō)的“侃”，說(shuō)的是無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事。gossip嚼舌頭,說(shuō)長(zhǎng)道短★theatren.劇場(chǎng),戲劇0cineman.電影院★seatn.座位haveagoodseat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair.takeaseat/takeyourseat坐下來(lái),就坐Istheseattaken?這個(gè)位置有人嗎?請(qǐng)坐的3種說(shuō)法:Sitdown,please.(命令性)Takeyourseat,please.Beseated,please.(更禮貌)作為動(dòng)詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit〔sat，sitten〕vi.就座Heissittingthere.他坐在那兒。seatvt.讓某人就座seatsb.讓某人就坐，后面會(huì)加人Seatyourself.Youseathim.你給他找個(gè)位置.Whenallthosepresent(到場(chǎng)者)_D_hebeganhislecture.A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseatedsitdown坐下；beseated=takeaseat就坐★angryadj.生氣的★angrilyadv.生氣的angry=crossIwasangry./Hewascross.annoyed:惱火的;beblueintheface臉上突然變色程Iwasannoyed.度Iwasangry/cross.加Iwasveryangry.深I(lǐng)amblueintheface.(臉色都青了,相當(dāng)生氣了)★attentionn.注意Attention,please.請(qǐng)注意(口語(yǔ))payattention注意payattentionto…對(duì)……注意Youmustpayattentiontothatgirl.payalittleattention稍加注意paymuchattention多加注意paymoreattention更多注意paynoattention不用注意paycloseattention特別注意★bear(bore,born)v.容忍①vt.承受，支撐，承當(dāng)，負(fù)擔(dān)Cantheicebearmyweight?Whowillbearthecost?誰(shuí)來(lái)承當(dāng)這筆費(fèi)用？②vt.忍受〔一般與can/could連用于疑問(wèn)句及否認(rèn)句中〕Sheeatstoofast.Ican’tbeartowatch/watchingher.她吃得太快。我看著受不了。Howcanyoubearlivinginthisplace?你怎么能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？bear=stand=putupwithIcan'tbear/standyou.endure:忍受,容忍putupwith:忍受Igotdivorced〔離婚〕.Icouldnotputupwithhimbear/stand/endure忍受的極限在加大bearn.熊whitebear白熊bearhug:熱情(熱烈)的擁抱givesb.abearhug★businessn.事,生意①n.生意businessman:生意人dobusiness:做生意gotosomeplaceonbusiness:因公出差I(lǐng)wenttoTianjinonbusiness.②n.某人自己的私人的事情It'smybusiness.(指私人的事,自己處理的事)It'snoneofyourbusiness.不關(guān)你的事?！飏udelyadv.無(wú)禮地,粗魯?shù)豶udeadj.粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的★payvt.&vi.支付①vt.&vi.支付〔價(jià)款等〕Haveyoupaidthetaxi-driver?Youcanpayadepositofthirtypounds…您可以先付30英鎊的定金……I’llpaybyinstalments.Ipaid50dollarsforthisskirt.〔pay…forsth.花/支付……〔錢〕買……〕②vt.&vi.給予〔注意等〕；去〔訪問(wèn)〕Theydidnotpayanyattention.WepaidavisittoourteacherlastSunday.上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。③n.工資，報(bào)酬Ihavenotreceivedmypayyet.我還沒(méi)有領(lǐng)到工資。【Text】LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain."Ican'thearaword!"Isaidangrily."It'snoneofyourbusiness,"theyoungmansaidrudely."Thisisaprivateconversation!"參考譯文：上星期我去看戲.我的座位很好,戲很有意思,但我卻無(wú)法欣賞.一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身后,大聲地說(shuō)著話.我非常生氣,因?yàn)槲衣?tīng)不見(jiàn)演員在說(shuō)什么.我回過(guò)頭去怒視著那一男一女,他們卻毫不理會(huì).最后,我忍不住了,又一次回過(guò)頭去,生氣地說(shuō):“我一個(gè)字也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)了!”“不關(guān)你的事,“那男的毫不客氣地說(shuō),“這是私人間的談話!”【課文講解】1、LastweekIwenttothetheatre.動(dòng)詞go的原義是離開(kāi)一個(gè)地方去另一個(gè)地方，與介詞to連用后，常加上主語(yǔ)所要去的目的來(lái)代表主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作目的。gotothe+地點(diǎn)表示去某地干嘛gotothetheatre=gotothetheatretoseeaplay去劇場(chǎng)看戲gotothecinema=seeafilm去電影院看電影gotothedairy去牛奶店gotothe+人+'s表示去這個(gè)人開(kāi)的店gotothedoctor's去看?。籫otothebutcher's買肉以下短語(yǔ)中名詞前不加冠詞：gotoschool去上學(xué)；gotochurch去做禮_____拜；gotohospital(醫(yī)院)去看?。籫otobed上床，睡覺(jué)；gohome〔跟home相連一定表示沒(méi)有事情可做,回家休息〕Iamathome.在家休息2、Ihadaverygoodseat.seat一般指戲院、汽車等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。thefrontseatofacar汽車的前座Takeaseat,please.請(qǐng)坐。3、Ididnotenjoyit.enjoyvt.欣賞，享受，喜愛(ài)①enjoy+n.喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受〔后面不能跟人〕Ienjoythemusic.enjoythedinner/film/program/game②enjoyoneself/代詞玩的開(kāi)心Wealwaysenjoyourselves.③enjoy+動(dòng)名詞Janedoesn’tenjoyswimming.Sheenjoysgoingtothetheatre.4、Igotveryangry.get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個(gè)表示過(guò)程的動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而Iwasveryangry那么僅表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過(guò)程。Iam/wasangry.是一個(gè)事實(shí)Igotangry.強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程Itishot.Itgothot.got取代be動(dòng)詞，got是一個(gè)半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,可以直接加形容詞。5、Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.hear+人:聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人的話Icouldnothearyou.Begyourpardon?Icouldn'thearyou./Icouldn'thearaword./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.Icouldn'thearyouclearly./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.Begyourpardon?/Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.turnround=turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身6、Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.intheend最后，終于，表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后Shetriedhardtofinishherhomeworkbyherself.Intheend,shehadtoaskherbrotherforhelp.Icouldnotbearit/you/thenoise.7、Ican'thearaword!Ican'thearaword.美音:肯定Ican否認(rèn),Ican't,它的/t/是吞進(jìn)去的,在讀音上很難區(qū)別,只能根據(jù)上下文來(lái)定hearawordofsb.〔aword等于一句話〕Hedidn'tsayaword.MayIspeaktoJim?/MayIhaveawordwithJim?8、It'snoneofyourbusiness.one’sbusiness指某人〔所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi)〕的事It'snoneofyourbusiness./Noneofyourbusiness./It'smybusiness.不關(guān)你的事。Itismybusinesstolookafteryourhealth.我必須照顧你的身體健康。none相當(dāng)于notany或noone，但語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。Shekeptnoneofhisletters.他的信件她一封也沒(méi)有保存。noneof這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，尤其是在祈使句中：Noneofyoursillyremarks!別說(shuō)傻話了！【Keystructures】簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語(yǔ)序陳述句一定是有主語(yǔ),有動(dòng)詞,有賓語(yǔ),有句號(hào)6123456when?Who?ActionWho?How?Where?When?Which?Which?What?What?1主語(yǔ)，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)一致，即主語(yǔ)決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2謂語(yǔ)，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)3賓語(yǔ)，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語(yǔ)4副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),對(duì)方式或狀態(tài)提問(wèn),往往做狀語(yǔ)Ilikeherverymuch5地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，一般在方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前6時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句首或句末簡(jiǎn)單陳述句一定不能少的是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ).如果問(wèn)何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配whenandwhere【Multiplechoicequestions】1Thewriterturnedround.Helookedatthemanandthewomanangrily___b___.a.andtheystoppedtalkingb.buttheydidn'tstoptalkingc.buttheydidn'tnoticehimd.buttheylookedathimrudely"Theydidnotpayanyattention."不是沒(méi)看見(jiàn)，只是思想上沒(méi)在意payattention:從思想上注意、在意，如交通平安應(yīng)注意.notice:眼睛上注意(=see眼睛看)Inoticeher.4Theyoungmanandyoungwomanweresittingbehindhim.Hewassitting___d___them.a.beforeb.abovec.aheadofd.infrontofbehind:在……后面infrontof在……前面(相對(duì)靜止的概念)before在……前面(后面加詞_____或句子，一般和時(shí)間相連)Hearrivedbeforesixo'clock.beforehecamebackabove在……上面aheadof在……前面(+時(shí)間、位置)(動(dòng)態(tài)的行為)aheadoftimeHegoesaheadofme.5___c___didthewriterfeel?Angry.a.Whereb.Whyc.Howd.When特殊疑問(wèn)詞對(duì)后面的答案提問(wèn)how(adv.)——對(duì)一個(gè)方式、狀態(tài)提問(wèn)，對(duì)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)提問(wèn)7Theyoungmanandtheyoungwomanpaid___d___attentiontothewriter.a.noneb.anyc.notanyd.noany——用在否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中some——用在肯定句中none——代詞，沒(méi)有任何東西、沒(méi)有任何人Noneknows./Noneofusknows.not——否認(rèn)詞,要放在非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面notany=noHedidn'tpayattention.no——形容詞、修飾名詞Idon'thaveanyfriends./Ihavenofriends.Ihavenotime./Idon'thaveanytime.11Thewritercouldnotbearit.Hecouldnot___c___it.a.carryb.sufferc.standd.liftbear忍受=standsuffer遭受,忍受(精神或肉體上)痛苦，suffer后面必須加一種痛苦Isuffertheheadache.〔肉體上的痛苦〕Heoftensuffersdefeat.〔精神上的痛苦〕〔defeatn.失敗〕Lesson2Breakfastorlunch?【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)〔5〕untilprep.直到outsideadv.外面ringv.〔鈴、等〕響〔rang,rung〕auntn.姑，姨，嬸，舅母repeatv.重復(fù)★untilprep.直到until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù)，可譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，表示持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻：I’llwaithereuntil5.我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。Hisfatherwasaliveuntilhecameback.直到他回來(lái)為止,他爸爸都是活著的.在否認(rèn)句中，它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”：Shecannotarriveuntil6.她到6點(diǎn)才能來(lái)。Hisfatherdidn'tdieuntilhecameback.直到他回來(lái),他爸爸才死.until〔后的從句〕的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒(méi)做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒(méi)做前面的主句用否認(rèn)Forhe___A(C)___(wait)untilitstoppedraining.A.waitedB.didn'twaitA.leaveB.leftC.didn'tleaveIstayinbeduntiltwelveo'clock.Ididn'tgetupuntil12o'clock.★outsideadv.外面〔作狀語(yǔ)〕Heiswaitingformeoutside.Itiscoldoutside.★ring(rang.rung)v.(鈴、等)響①vt.鳴，(鈴、等)響(這種響是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事)Everymorningtheclockringsat6.Thetelephone(doorbell)isringing.而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle(bell)(鈴兒)響叮當(dāng)②vt.打給〔美語(yǔ)中用call〕ringsb.給某人打TomorrowI'llringyou.③n.〔打〕givesb.aringRemembertogivemearing./Remembertoringme.④n.戒指★auntn.姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長(zhǎng)一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱呼)男性那么是uncle:叔叔他們的孩子：cousin堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew外甥；niece外甥女★repeatv.重復(fù)①vt.重復(fù)Willyourepeatthelastword?Theyarerepeatingthatwonderfulpaly.②vi.重做，重說(shuō)Pleaserepeatafterme.Don’trepeat.【Text】ItwasSunday.InevergetupearlyonSundays.Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.LastSundayIgotupverylate.Ilookedoutofthewindow.Itwasdarkoutside.'Whataday!'Ithought.'It'srainingagain.'Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.'I'vejustarrivedbytrain,'shesaid.'I'mcomingtoseeyou.''ButI'mstillhavingbreakfast,'Isaid.'Whatareyoudoing?'sheasked.'I'mhavingbreakfast,'Irepeated.'Dearme,'shesaid.'Doyoualwaysgetupsolate?It'soneo'clock!'參考譯文：那是個(gè)星期天,而在星期天我是從來(lái)不早起的,有時(shí)我要一直躺到吃午飯的時(shí)候.上個(gè)星期天,我起得很晚.我望望窗外,外面一片昏暗.“鬼天氣!”我想,“又下雨了.“正在這時(shí),鈴響了.是我姑母露西打來(lái)的.“我剛下火車,“她說(shuō),“我這就來(lái)看你.““但我還在吃早飯,“我說(shuō).“你在干什么?”她問(wèn)道.“我正在吃早飯,“我又說(shuō)了一遍.“天啊,“她說(shuō),“你總是起得這么晚嗎?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)1點(diǎn)鐘了!”【課文講解】1、ItwasSunday.it指時(shí)間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語(yǔ)”〔emptysubject〕。作為第三人稱單數(shù)的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來(lái)指是什么人：Itisalovelybaby.2、InevergetupearlyonSundays.onSundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中：onMonday，onMondaymorning，onthatday當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時(shí)，介詞〔以及定冠詞〕必須省略：I’llseeyounext/thisFriday.never從來(lái)不(可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not(變成否認(rèn)句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞)Idon'tlikeher.=Ineverlikeher.3、Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.在表達(dá)臥床時(shí)bed前不需加冠詞：It’stimeforbednow.Youmuststay/remaininbedforanothertwodays.你必須再臥床兩天。4、Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.justthen:就在那時(shí)如果不知道對(duì)方性別,他/她可以用it取代Whoareyou?/Whoisit?5、I'vejustarrivedbytrain,by直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞,復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞,就要換掉by用in或onIgooutbybus.Igooutin/ontwobuses.〔指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on〕LongagopeoplecouldgotoAmericaonlybyship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，那么要加冠詞或其他限定詞：Myauntleftbythe9:15train.byair乘飛機(jī)bybicycle/bike騎自行車byboat乘船bybus乘公共汽車bycar乘小汽車byland由陸路byplane乘飛機(jī)bysea由海路byship乘船bytrain乘火車6、I'mcomingtoseeyou.我將要來(lái)看你.用come的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)becoming表示一般將來(lái)，表示近期按方案或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。同樣用法的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…7、Dearme!天哪!英國(guó)人說(shuō)Dearme!或Mydear!美國(guó)人說(shuō):Mygod!注意美英的發(fā)音不同.【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用：Iamworkingasateacher."現(xiàn)階段"Heisstillsleeping.〔現(xiàn)在還在睡覺(jué)〕Janeisjustdressingup.簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,真理,是過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。HelenneverwritestoherbrotherTony.Shesometimesringshim.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前,非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后；如果既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,要放在兩個(gè)之間；疑問(wèn)句中副詞往往放在主語(yǔ)后面。在否認(rèn)句中not必須放在always之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記可以用在句尾；在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)和需要比照時(shí)，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可用于句首。IgetpaidonFridayusually.VeryoftenthephoneringswhenI’minbath.非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:①系動(dòng)詞(be)②幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)③情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must,can,may)除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.Ifrequentlygotobedhungry.〔形容詞作狀語(yǔ)〕Hewenttoschoolhungry.餓著肚子上學(xué).Youmustcomeherehungry.空腹來(lái)這里.【SpecialDifficulties】以what開(kāi)頭的感慨句：在英語(yǔ)中可用what引導(dǎo)的感慨句來(lái)表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感慨中主謂語(yǔ)采用正常語(yǔ)序。What對(duì)名詞感慨，感慨句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!Whatagoodgirl(sheis)!〔主、謂可省〕有上下文和一定的語(yǔ)境,才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。Whatathingtosay!多么難聽(tīng)的話??！What(alotof)trouble(heiscausing)!【Multiplechoicequestions】5.Hedoesn'tgetupearlyonSundays.Hegetsup___a___.a.lateb.latelyc.slowlyd.hardlylate<adj.&adv.>晚的lately<adv.>=recently<adv.>最近的,近來(lái)的.Howareyougoinglately?最近一段時(shí)間身體還好嗎?8He___a___outofthewindowandsawthatitwasraining.a.lookedb.sawc.remarkedd.watchedlook<vi.>表示看的動(dòng)作，后面一定要加介詞see<vt.>表示看的結(jié)果，后面直接加賓語(yǔ)watch<vt.>表示觀看，后面直接加賓語(yǔ),但賓語(yǔ)一定是能夠活動(dòng)的東西lookatpictures(對(duì))；watchpictures(錯(cuò))11Breakfastisthefirst___d___oftheday.a.foodb.dinnerc.lunchd.meallunch中餐food食物dinner正餐一天中最豐富的那頓飯,可能是中餐,也可能是晚餐,但決不會(huì)是早餐.meal一頓飯Lesson3PleaseSendMeaCard【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)〔11〕sendv.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoilv.使索然無(wú)味，損壞museumn.博物館publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.效勞員，招待員lendv.借給decisionn.決定wholeadj.整個(gè)的singleadj.唯一的，單一的★sendv.寄,送sendaletter寄信sendsth.tosb./sendsb.sth.給某人送〔寄〕什么東西send/takechildrentoschool：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send那么是通過(guò)第三人去送,如美國(guó)的校車takeflowerstohiswife自己送sendflowerstohiswife叫店里的人送★postcardn.明信片兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音namecard/visitingcard名片Hereismynamecard.(口語(yǔ)常用,同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)IDcard身份證〔ID身份〕creditcard信用卡cashcard現(xiàn)金卡,儲(chǔ)蓄卡,工資卡(不能透支的那種)★spoil(spoiled，spoilt)v.使索然無(wú)味,損壞①vt.弄壞，損壞，糟蹋Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.這不幸的消息使我們沒(méi)能過(guò)好周末。Therainspoiledtheschoolsports.這場(chǎng)雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。Thisspoiledmyday.Whatyousaidspoiledme.Hisarrivalspoiledmyholiday.②vt.寵壞，慣壞，溺愛(ài)Don’tspoilyourchildren.不能太慣孩子。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.spoil:把東西的質(zhì)______量變得不好;生活中不順心的事;寵壞,溺愛(ài)break:打破;breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破壞,程度不一定很重destroy:破壞,徹底摧毀以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞,而spoil主要指精神上的★museumn.博物館PalaceMuseum故宮★publicadj.公共的①adj.公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.IalwayssitinpublicgardensonSundays.②adj.公開(kāi)的，眾人皆知的Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開(kāi)。publichouse〔酒吧〕簡(jiǎn)稱pubpublicplace公共場(chǎng)所inpublic公開(kāi)的；inprivate私下里的Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.讓我們私下談?wù)?Whynothaveaconversationinpublic?為什么不公開(kāi)談呢?(當(dāng)面說(shuō)呢?)③n.公眾，群眾，群眾Thepublicis/arepleasedwithhisexplanation.公眾對(duì)他的解釋很滿意。ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.★friendlyadj.友好的friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好,用短語(yǔ)inafriendlywayHeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.Shegavemeafriendlygreeting.Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly★waitern.效勞員,招待員waiter(男效勞員),waitress(女效勞員),只出現(xiàn)在餐館里chiefwaiter領(lǐng)班Iwanttoseethechiefwaiter.我要見(jiàn)你們的領(lǐng)班。shopassistant商店里的店員attendantn.〔其他公共場(chǎng)所的〕效勞員★lendv.借給lendto〔借出〕：lendsth.tosb/lendsb.sth.Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowfrom〔借進(jìn)〕：borrowsth.fromsb./borrowsth.〔borrow不能用borrowsbsth.〕Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’tgivenmeityet.★decisionn.決定make/takeadecision作出決定Itwasnoteasyformetomake/takethisdecision.Areyoumade/takenadecision?makeabig/greatdecision(big：重大；great：偉大,更重大)decidev.決定★wholeadj.整個(gè)的awholebottleofmilk一整瓶牛奶thewhole…，thewholeday整天，twowholeweeks整整兩星期allth…，alltheday(the可省略)整天allof后面如果加代詞,代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞,前面一定要加theallofus；allofthestudents★singleadj.唯一的,單一的反義詞:double雙倍的【Text】Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!參考譯文：明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我參觀了博物館,還去了公園.一位好客的效勞員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z(yǔ),之后還借給我一本書.我讀了幾行,但一個(gè)字也不懂.我每天都想著明信片的事.假期過(guò)得真快,可我還沒(méi)有給我的朋友們寄過(guò)一張明信片.到了最后一天,我作出了一項(xiàng)重大決定.我早早起了床,買來(lái)了37張明信片.我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天.然而竟連一張明信片也沒(méi)寫成!【課文講解】1、Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.last：①adj.上一個(gè)lastsummer里的last表示“上一個(gè)”②adj.最后一個(gè)，表示“最后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞thethelastday最后一天〔具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on〕2、AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Italian于Italy:注意重讀音的位置不同teachsb.sth.教某人做某事HeteachesourEnglish.(錯(cuò))HeteachesusEnglish.(對(duì))語(yǔ)言不可數(shù),所以要用alittleItalian或afewwordsofItalianIcanspeakalittleEnglish/afewwordsofEnglish.afew可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，asmallnumberof〔一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)〕的意思。Thepolicewouldliketoaskhimafewquestions.警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。3、EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考慮,思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事,thinkof還可指想到Whatdoyouthinkof?WhatdoyouthinkofTVprogramlastnight?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?你覺(jué)得天氣怎么樣?thinkover仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考What’stheweatherliketoday?cold,chilly〔非常非常冷〕,freezeI'llfreeze.我要凍僵了4、Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花〔時(shí)間〕”、“度過(guò)”spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn):在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間Ispendthreehoursinthesea.Ispendmyweekendatmymother's.Ispendthreehoursintheclassroomeveryday.Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjam.(交通堵塞)spend還可以表示“花錢”Ifwespendallthemoney,we’llbepooragain.Ican’tspendanymoreonthiscar.【Keystructures】一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。Doyouevercatchacoldinthewinter?Yes,Icaughtacoldlastwinter.【SpecialDifficulties】直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”〔表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做〕或“for”〔表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做〕。givesb.sth./givesthtosb間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí),其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的,就用to與to相連的give,take,pass,read,sell,buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetakeflowerstomywife.與for相連的buy,order,make,findIbuyabookforyou.makeacakeforyoufindsth.forsb.dosb.afavor幫某人一個(gè)忙Domeafavorplease./Doafavorforme?幫我一個(gè)忙Idosomethingforyou.CanIordersomethingforyou?CanIbuyyouabottleofbeer?意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思【Multiplechoicequestions】4___a___himafewwordsofItalian?Thewaiter.a.Whotaughtb.Whodidteachc.Whatdidheteachd.Whomdidheteach人做主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——who對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——whomwho既可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可以對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn),而whom只能對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn),那么句子的語(yǔ)序和陳述句語(yǔ)序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn),那么句子要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序Who/WhomdidthewaiterteachafewwordsofItalian?5Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter___d___.a.friendb.asfriendsc.likefriendsd.inafriendlywayHespoketothewriterlikeafriend.in...way:以...方式,作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好,用短語(yǔ)inafriendlyway7Hespentthewholedayinhisroom.Hewasinhisroom___c___day.a.theholeb.theallc.alld.allofall(the)dayallof后面如果加代詞,代詞前面不需要修飾詞allofus；一旦要加名詞,前面一定要加theallofthefriendsallofmyfriendsallofthestudents10Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe___a___dayofhisholiday.a.finalb.endc.latestd.bottomfinal——形容詞end——名詞/動(dòng)詞latest——形容詞bottom——名詞latestadj.最新的latestnews；lateststyle新款11Hemadeabigdecision.He___b___.a.thoughtaboutitb.madeuphismindc.changedhismindd.madeawishthinkabout:考慮、思考、想makeupone'smind:下定決心changeone'smind:改變主意makeawish:許個(gè)心愿_____,愿望,許愿Lesson4Anexcitingtrip【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)〔6〕excitingadj.令人興奮的receivev.接受，收到firmn.商行，公司differentadj.不同的centren.中心abroadadv.在國(guó)外★excitingadj.令人興奮的excitingadj.令人興奮的；excitedadj.興奮的-ed:自己感到/-ing:令人感到Thenewsexciting.excitingboy令人興奮的男孩Iamexcited.excitev.沖動(dòng)〔這類動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)一定是人，讓后面的人感到……〕Thenewsexcitederestingadj.令人感到有趣的；interestedadj.感到有意思的interestingmanThemaniserestv.對(duì)……感興趣Thebookinterestsme.那本書讓我感到很有趣★receivev.接受,收到①vt.接到，收到，得到Whendidyoureceivethatletter?②vt.招待，接待Youneedalargeroomifyouaregoingtoreceivesomanyguests.receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。receive/havealetterfromsb.accept同意接收ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersfromaboy,butIdidn'tacceptit.take那么是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取”Ireceivedabeautifulpenfrommyuncle.Mybrothertookitfrommeyesterday.take也可以作收到taketheexam接受考試；takeadvice接受建議★firmn.商行,公司companyn.公司★differentadj.不同的①adj.不同的，相異的〔經(jīng)常與from連用〕Weareplanningsomethingdifferentthisyear.我們今年有不同的打算。Myroomisdifferentfromyours.②adj.各種各樣的，不同的Thisdepartmentstoresellsalargenumberofdifferentthings.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。HehasvisitedmanydifferentplacesinChina.他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方?！颽broadadv.在國(guó)外〔副詞,直接和動(dòng)詞連用〕goabroad去國(guó)外liveabroad國(guó)外定居studyabroad國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)【Text】Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.參考譯文我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來(lái)信,他正在澳大利亞.他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個(gè)月了.蒂姆是個(gè)工程師,正在一家大公司工作,并且已經(jīng)去過(guò)澳大利亞的不少地方了.他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車,現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯.他不久還將到達(dá)達(dá)爾文去,從那里,他再飛往珀斯.我弟弟以前從未出過(guò)國(guó),因此,他覺(jué)得這次旅行非常沖動(dòng)人心.【課文講解】1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.同位語(yǔ)：一個(gè)名詞〔或短語(yǔ)等〕與另一個(gè)名詞〔或短語(yǔ)〕并列而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。ThisisJohn,oneofmybestfriends.這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,myneighbore,hasneverbeenabroad.我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)。2、Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.onemonth；twomonths注意讀音IhavearrivedinBeijing.〔arrive是瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和段時(shí)間連用〕hasbeen+in地點(diǎn)HehasbeeninBeijingforoneyear.HehasbeeninAmericafortowyears.3、HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.workfor在……上班/任______職，強(qiáng)調(diào)workIamworkingforaschool.workin強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)〔在哪個(gè)地方上班〕IamworkingintheNewOrientalschool.workat上班Sheworksatadepartmentstore.anumberof后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；通常number前有g(shù)reat，large，good，small，certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變。agreatnumberof類似于,約等于alotof；Alarge/greatnumberofourstudentsareDanish.Thereareasmallnumberofspellingmistakesinyourhomework.alotof可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞IhavealotoffriendsIhaveagreatnumberoffriends.4、HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.hasgoneto去了某地沒(méi)回來(lái)hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方HaveyoubeentoParis?5、Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.fromthere:從那地方起from即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn)fromhalfpast8tohalfpast11fromBeijingtoTianjingflytoPerth=gotoPerthbyair6、Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfendingthistripveryexciting.before在句子后是副詞,譯為“在此之前”，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“覺(jué)察”講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)〔一般為形容詞〕，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等。find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)findtheroomcleanfindherhappybefinding在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用I'mfinding.....We’refinding......下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)：before(now)〔以前〕；it’sthefirsttiem〔第一次〕；sofor〔到目前為止〕；sofarthismorning〔到上午為止〕；uptonow〔直到現(xiàn)在〕；uptothepresent〔直到目前〕；just〔剛剛〕；recently〔最近〕；already〔已經(jīng)〕；lately〔最近〕；now〔現(xiàn)在〕；for一段時(shí)間；since+時(shí)間；still〔還；仍〕；atlast〔終于〕；finally〔最終〕；疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。I’veplantedfourteenrosebushessofarthismorning.IhavelivedhereforseveralyearsnowandI’vemademanynewfriendssinceIhavelivedhere.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可和表示頻度的副詞連用，表示反復(fù)和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，如often〔經(jīng)?！?，frequently〔屢次〕，threetimes〔三次〕等。I’vewatchedhimonTVseveraltimes.【Multiplechoicequestions】3TimisinAustralia.Hewent___a___Australiasixmonthsago.a.tob.inc.atd.intoat…表示位置〔beat是典型表示位置的介詞短語(yǔ)〕goto…只要有to這個(gè)感念,它的后面一定要有賓語(yǔ),gotothetheatergoin…(in做副詞)很少加賓語(yǔ)Hewentin.gointo…有去向的動(dòng)作,還有進(jìn)入的動(dòng)作gointotheroommove常用的意義是“動(dòng)”、“移動(dòng)”，在表達(dá)“搬家”這個(gè)意思時(shí)move可以單獨(dú)使用，也可組成短語(yǔ)moveto，moveinto，movein，moveout。movein:搬進(jìn)來(lái)movetothenewhouse:正在搬moveinto:搬進(jìn)去了moveout搬走Jackhasmovedout.Johnwillmoveinthedayaftertomorrow.4TimisinAustralia.Howlong___b___there?a.isheb.hashebeenc.hashed.washehowlong...對(duì)段時(shí)間提問(wèn),跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相連11HewillsoonvisitDarwin.HewillvisitDarwinc.a.quicklyb.forashorttimec.shortlyd.inahurryquickly指的是動(dòng)作上的快Hewentquickly.forashorttime不久,表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)一段時(shí)間soon=shortly不久以后,表示在這段時(shí)間之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間上的快inahurry:匆忙的〔指動(dòng)作〕Lesson5Nowrongnumbers【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ)〔7〕pigeonn.鴿子messagen.信息coverv.越過(guò)distancen.距離requestn.要求，請(qǐng)求sparepart備件servicen.業(yè)務(wù)，效勞★pigeonn.鴿子It'snotmypigeon.＝Noneofmybusiness.不關(guān)我的事?！飉essagen.〔口頭或書面的〕信息Hereisamessageforyoufromyoursister.anoral/writtenmessage口信/便條leavesb.amessage給……留便條I'llleaveyouamessage.takeamessageforsb.替某人捎口信CanItakeamessageforyou?我能替你捎個(gè)口信嗎?Canyoutakeamessageforme?你能替我捎個(gè)口信嗎?takeamessagetosb.給某人口信打:Hello!--àMayIhaveawordwithTom?/MayIspeakwith/toTom?--àCanyoutakeamessageforme?informationn.信息〔不可數(shù)〕messengern.送信人，信使★coverv.越過(guò)；覆蓋①vt.蓋，覆蓋Snowcoveredthewholevillage.Shecoveredthechildwithacoat.她給孩子蓋了件外衣。②vt.行過(guò)〔一段距離〕，走過(guò)〔通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)〕cover+距離越過(guò)……Youcancoverthedistancetothemuseumintenminutes.③n.覆蓋物，蓋子，罩子，套子Putacoveronthebox!★distancen.距離keepdistance保持距離distantadj.遠(yuǎn)距離的CanIsharethistable?CanIjoinyou?importancen.重要importantadj.重要的differencen.不同differentadj.不同的★requestn.要求,請(qǐng)求①n.requestfor對(duì)……有請(qǐng)求,有需求Ihavearequestforthecake.Hegrantedmyrequestformoretime.他同意了我延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的請(qǐng)求。ShesentarequestforhelptoGary.她向加里請(qǐng)求幫助。②v.要求,請(qǐng)求requestsb.todosth.＝asksb.todosth.要求某人做……requiresb.todosth.要求某人做……Youarerequired/askedtodosth.〔對(duì)人要求習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)〕★spareadj.備用的①vt.抽出〔時(shí)間等〕，讓給Haveyougotfiveminutestospare?Icannotsparethetime.Ihavenotimetospare.②vt.饒恕，赦免Therobberssparedhislife.‘Shareme!’beggedtheprisoner.③adj.多余的，空閑的，剩下的，備用的Youcansleepinthesparebedroom.WherecanIgetsparepartsforthismachine?Ihavenosparetimenow.‘Haveyouanyoldclothesthatyoudonotwant?’heasked.=‘Haveyouanyoldclothestospare?’heasked.★servicen.業(yè)務(wù),效勞service作為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對(duì)旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或效勞；作為可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動(dòng)或所做的工作。Theserviceinthathotelisquitegood.Youhavedonemeagreatservice.service既可以指公用事業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)，如：themailservice〔郵政業(yè)務(wù)〕、thetelephoneservice〔業(yè)務(wù)〕；也可指辦這些業(yè)務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)，如：atravelservice〔旅行社〕、anewsservice〔通訊社〕。Atyourservice.=Gladtobeatyourservice.=Iamgladtobeatyourservice.我很樂(lè)意為您效勞.servev.效勞,接待——Thankyou.——Youarewelcome.(下次又需要再來(lái)找我)/Notatall.(根本完全不用謝)/That's(all)right./That'sok.(絕對(duì)正確,絕對(duì)過(guò)時(shí))/(It's)Mypleasure.(我很快樂(lè)這么做,把自己放得很低,把對(duì)方抬得很高)Thankyouforyourlistening.在講課,演講結(jié)束時(shí)說(shuō),即感謝大家的合作的概念〔應(yīng)以鼓掌回應(yīng)〕情急之下,可用Nothanks.答復(fù)——Sorry.——Nosorry.【Text】Mr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhehasjustboughtanothergarageinPinhurst.PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.Yesterday,apigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.Uptonow,Mr.Scotthassentagreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.Inthisway,hehasbegunhisownprivate'