CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS

CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS2024/3/28CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS本章目標(biāo)通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容:完成路由器的初始參數(shù)配置在網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上進(jìn)入并辨識(shí)不同的命令模式在不同的用戶界面下應(yīng)用各種幫助和命令行編輯功能查看并確認(rèn)各網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的基本信息CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSCiscoIOS軟件提供多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)進(jìn)而支持各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用.Cisco互連網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)(IOS)軟件CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS硬件自檢定位并加載CiscoIOS映象文件定位并運(yùn)行配置文件Cisco設(shè)備的簡(jiǎn)單啟動(dòng)過程CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS提供命令行界面在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備上運(yùn)行時(shí)有差別在命令模式下可以鍵入或粘貼命令鍵入命令后回車，設(shè)備即解析和執(zhí)行所鍵入的命令兩個(gè)主要命令模式是用戶模式和特權(quán)模式不同的命令模式有不同的提示符CiscoIOSCiscoIOS用戶界面的基本特性CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS特權(quán)(或enabled)模式對(duì)交換機(jī)和路由器更深入的操作有配置和監(jiān)視權(quán)力是進(jìn)入其它配置模式的前提命令提示符為

主機(jī)名#模式二(也是最常用的模式):CiscoIOS的主要命令模式(續(xù))CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)例程會(huì)初始化路由器如果需要，路由器可以有選擇性地回退啟動(dòng)CheckhardwareFindandloadCiscoIOSsoftwareimage

Findandapplyrouterconfigurationinformation

LoadBootstrap1. 啟動(dòng)前確認(rèn)正確連接線纜和控制線2. 按下電源開關(guān)3. 觀察啟動(dòng)順序 CiscoIOS輸出到控制臺(tái)上的內(nèi)容Cisco路由器的初始啟動(dòng)CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS沒有配置文件與有配置文件的路由器啟動(dòng)對(duì)比 ---SystemConfigurationDialog---

Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yes

Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.

Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.

Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.

Setup模式wg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.用戶模式提示wg_ro_c>路由器啟動(dòng)時(shí)在控制臺(tái)上的輸出內(nèi)容控制臺(tái)CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSSetup:初始配置對(duì)話框Router#setup---SystemConfigurationDialog---Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yAtanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.Basicmanagementsetupconfiguresonlyenoughconnectivityformanagementofthesystem,extendedsetupwillaskyoutoconfigureeachinterfaceonthesystemWouldyouliketoenterbasicmanagementsetup?[yes/no]:nCCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS設(shè)置全局參數(shù)初始化全局參數(shù)Configuringglobalparameters:Enterhostname[Router]:wg_ro_cTheenablesecretisapasswordusedtoprotectaccesstoprivilegedEXECandconfigurationmodes.Thispassword,afterentered,becomesencryptedintheconfiguration.Enterenablesecret:ciscoTheenablepasswordisusedwhenyoudonotspecifyanenablesecretpassword,withsomeoldersoftwareversions,andsomebootimages.Enterenablepassword:sanfranThevirtualterminalpasswordisusedtoprotectaccesstotherouteroveranetworkinterface.Entervirtualterminalpassword:sanjoseConfigureSNMPNetworkManagement?[no]:CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS設(shè)置腳本的確認(rèn)與應(yīng)用Thefollowingconfigurationcommandscriptwascreated:hostnameRouterenablesecret5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enablepasswordsanfranlinevty04passwordsanjosenosnmp-server!noappletalkroutingnodecnetroutingiproutingnoclnsroutingnoipxroutingnovinesroutingnoxnsroutingnoapolloroutingisdnswitch-typebasic-5essinterfaceBRI0shutdownnoipaddress!interfaceEthernet0noshutdownipaddress10.1.1.31255.255.255.0nomopenabled!interfaceSerial0shutdownnoipaddress<textomitted>end[0]GototheIOScommandpromptwithoutsavingthisconfig.[1]Returnbacktothesetupwithoutsavingthisconfig.[2]Savethisconfigurationtonvramandexit.Enteryourselection[2]:CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSConsolewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>enablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>logoutwg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.用戶模式提示特權(quán)模式提示登入路由器CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS只要所輸命令串在全部命令中是唯一的，可以將一個(gè)命令盡可能地簡(jiǎn)寫，路由器在用戶模式下的命令清單wg_ro_c>?Execcommands:

access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentry

atmsigExecuteAtmSignallingCommands

cdChangecurrentdevice

clearResetfunctions

connectOpenaterminalconnection

dirListfilesongivendevice

disableTurnoffprivilegedcommands

disconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnection

enableTurnonprivilegedcommands

exitExitfromtheEXEC

helpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem

latOpenalatconnection

lockLocktheterminal

loginLoginasaparticularuser

logoutExitfromtheEXEC

--More--CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSwg_ro_c#?Execcommands:access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentryaccess-profileApplyuser-profiletointerfaceaccess-templateCreateatemporaryAccess-ListentrybfeFormanualemergencymodessettingcdChangecurrentdirectoryclearResetfunctionsclockManagethesystemclockconfigureEnterconfigurationmodeconnectOpenaterminalconnectioncopyCopyfromonefiletoanotherdebugDebuggingfunctions(seealso'undebug')deleteDeleteafiledirListfilesonafilesystemdisableTurnoffprivilegedcommandsdisconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnectionenableTurnonprivilegedcommandseraseEraseafilesystemexitExitfromtheEXEChelpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem--More--路由器在特權(quán)模式下的命令清單只要輸入部分命令串(唯一表示某個(gè)命令)，緊接著按tab鍵就可以完整地輸入一個(gè)命令CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSshowversion命令wg_ro_a#showversionCiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftwareIOS(tm)2500Software(C2500-JS-L),Version12.0(3),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledMon08-Feb-9918:18byphanguyeImagetext-base:0x03050C84,data-base:0x00001000ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version11.0(10c),SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:3000BootstrapSoftware(IGS-BOOT-R),Version11.0(10c),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_auptimeis20minutesSystemrestartedbyreloadSystemimagefileis"flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(outputomitted)--More--Configurationregisteris0x2102

CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS查看配置情況控制臺(tái)IOSSetuputilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config將配置參數(shù)保存到NVRAM中ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMCCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSshowrunning和showstartup命令wg_ro_c#showstartup-configUsing1359outof32762bytes!version12.0! --More--wg_ro_c#showrunning-configBuildingconfiguration...

Currentconfiguration:

!

version12.0! --More--保存在NVRAM中保存在RAM中顯示當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的和保存的配置情況CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS路由器模式一覽Router(config)#Router>enableRouter#configtermExitCtrl-Z(end)用戶模式特權(quán)模式全局配置模式配置模式模式提示Interface Router(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#Line Router(config-line)#Router Router(config-router)#IPXrouter Router(config-ipx-router)#CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS保存配置wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration…wg_ro_c#將當(dāng)前運(yùn)行的配置復(fù)制到NVRAM中CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識(shí)為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostnamewg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機(jī)時(shí)的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#bannermotd#

AccountingDepartmentYouhaveenteredasecuredsystem.Authorizedaccessonly!

#CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS配置路由器的各種標(biāo)識(shí)為路由器或其端口設(shè)置標(biāo)識(shí)或信息路由器名Router(config)#hostnamewg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#開機(jī)時(shí)的固定顯示信息wg_ro_c(config)#bannermotd# AccountingDepartmentYouhaveenteredasecuredsystem.Authorizedaccessonly!

#端口描述wg_ro_c(config)#interfaceethernet0wg_ro_c(config-if)#descriptionEngineeringLAN,Bldg.18CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordcisco控制臺(tái)密碼虛擬終端密碼Router(config)#linevty04Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordsanjose路由器密碼配置CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordcisco控制臺(tái)密碼虛擬終端密碼Router(config)#linevty04Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordsanjose特權(quán)模式明文密碼Router(config)#enablepasswordcisco特權(quán)模式加密密碼Router(config)#enablesecretsanfran

路由器密碼配置CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS其它控制臺(tái)命令Router(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout00Router(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loggingsynchronous禁止控制臺(tái)會(huì)話自動(dòng)退出重顯被打亂的控制臺(tái)輸入CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSRouter(config)#interfacetypenumberRouter(config-if)#端口配置type包括serial,ethernet,tokenring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,andtunnelnumber用來識(shí)別具體的單個(gè)端口Router(config-if)#exit從當(dāng)前端口配置模式退出Router(config)#interfacetypeslot/portRouter(config-if)#模塊化端口的表示法CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS配置串口進(jìn)入全局配置模式Router(config)#interfaceserial0

Router(config-if)#Router#configuretermRouter(config)#指定某個(gè)端口CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS配置串口進(jìn)入全局配置模式Router(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interfaceserial0

Router(config-if)#Router#configuretermRouter(config)#指定某個(gè)端口設(shè)置時(shí)鐘頻率

(只在DCE端)CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOSRouter#showinterfaceserial0Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis10.140.4.2/24MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:04,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec(outputomitted)

確認(rèn)參數(shù)修改情況CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS開啟或關(guān)閉端口Router#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0

Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSeria0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoup開啟已經(jīng)關(guān)閉的端口Router#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0

Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetodown人工關(guān)閉端口CCNA培訓(xùn)第6章操作與配置CiscoIOS路由器的showinterfaces命令Router#showinterfacesEthernet0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisLance,addressis00e0.1e5d.ae2f(bia00e0.1e5d.ae2f)Internetaddressis10.1.1.11/24MTU1500bytes,BW10000Kbit,DLY1000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)ARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinput00:00:07,output00:00:08,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,0drops;inputqueue0/75,0drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec81833packetsinput,27556491bytes,0nobufferReceived42308broadcasts,0runts,0giants,0throttles1inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,1ignored,0abort0input