Unit+6+Earth+First+詞匯課件 高一英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊

保護地球保護我們的家園EarthfirstBook2Unit6Understandingideasshark音譯詞“鯊魚”scare近義詞：frighten；派生詞：scary,scared(分詞形容詞)詞塊：scare…away/offdueto=becauseofeg.Thegamewascanceledduetobadweather.findive一詞多義：基本義“向下沖”隱喻：具體的“跳水”→抽象的“沖向；俯沖”詞塊：diveinto,godiving；派生詞：divertarget隱喻：具體的“靶子（目標）”→抽象的“目標（靶子）”詞塊：setatarget

achieve/realizeone’starget

targetaudience名詞動詞化：betargetedatfortunatelyfortunate+-ly；同義詞luckily，句子副詞詞族：fortune

fortunate,

fortunately

unfortunate

unfortunatelyextinctionextinct(adj滅絕的)+-tion詞塊：beindangerof/beontheedgeofextinctionattitudeAttitudeiseverything.態(tài)度決定一切。attitude①

態(tài)度；看法：have/take/adoptapositiveattitudeEverythingdependsonpeople’sattitude.Attitudeiseverything.attitudeto/toward(s):Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.②姿勢：Hekneltinanattitudeofprayer.devote一個人應該盡可能早地設定自己的目標，并且傾其精力和才能實現(xiàn)它。華特?迪士尼（WaltDisney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美國伊利諾伊州芝加哥，美國著名的動畫大師、企業(yè)家、導演、制片人、編劇、配音演員、卡通設計者、舉世聞名的迪士尼公司創(chuàng)始人。華特?迪士尼獲得了56個奧斯卡獎提名和7個艾美獎，是世界上獲得奧斯卡獎最多的人。devote①

把……用于；致力于；獻身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto獻身于；致力于；專心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.寫作同義異構：除了devoteoneselfto你還能想到哪些表示“專注于/致力于做某事”的表達？belostinfocusonbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedinconcentrateon【詞匯拓展】devotedadj摯愛的；全心全意的；忠誠的：Herson,towhomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn[U]獻身；忠誠；熱愛；專心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.ocean英式英語用sea美式英語用oceanhighlighthigh+light原為繪畫術語，即最明亮的部分，后引申為“做標記、強調(diào)”crueltycruel(adj殘忍的)+-ty(名詞后綴)反義詞：kindnesshuntinghunt(v打獵)+-ing詞塊：gohunting詞族：hunt

hunter

huntingpresentationpresent+-ation；詞塊：giveapresentationreservev.①

保留；保存；儲備：Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequests.I’llreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.②預訂(book)：reservearoom/ticket【詞匯拓展】reserven.①

[C][常用復數(shù)]儲備：oil/goldreserves②[C](野生動植物的)保護區(qū)：Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.【詞匯拓展】reservationn①[C]&[U]保留；異議：Iacceptyourstatementwithoutreservation(=completely).②[C](旅館房間、劇院座位等的)預訂：I’llcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.staff精準的漢語釋義“全體職工”，作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)establish創(chuàng)業(yè)start/setup

abusinessestablish

abusinessestablish①

建立；創(chuàng)立；設立(setup)：establishcontact/arelationshipwithThecompanywasestablishedin1980.【辨析】establish公司、機構等（正式用語）setup公司、機構等（日常用語）found公司、機構等（強調(diào)提供資金）open商店、餐館、旅館等（服務性質(zhì)）establish②確立；立足；得到認可：By1909,PicassohadestablishedhimselfasapainterofgreattalentinParis.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.ThisnovelestablishedthereputationhestillenjoystodayasoneofAmerica’sgreatestwriters.?establishedadj已確立的；確定的：anestablishedfactanestablishedcompany分詞形容詞（表示動作已完成），如advanced,developed,learned等辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可謂是形影不離的好朋友，想表達“遭到破壞”到底用哪個詞才對呢？我們先來看一篇學生習作。damagen.①

[U]損害；損壞；損失：

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.②

[C][復數(shù)]損害賠償金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagevt.■損害；損壞：(名詞動化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.側重“損”，可修復destroyvt(必修一Unit6)①

毀壞；摧毀；毀掉

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.②消滅；殺死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.“被雨水毀了的頭發(fā)”，用哪個詞呢？Therainruined

myhair.頭發(fā)還在，只是“美好的發(fā)型”被毀了。在這里，理解英語釋義也很重要?！?/p>

destroy:

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists◆

ruin:todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.ruin①

糟蹋；(完全地)毀壞todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.：Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.②使破產(chǎn)tomakesbloseallhis/hermoney：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n①[U]毀滅；破產(chǎn)：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin②[C][常用復數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡；殘余：theruinsofRomeinruins成廢墟；嚴重受損小結運用精準的漢語釋義和英語釋義區(qū)分damage,destroy和ruin?！鬱amage的名詞和動詞都側重“損”，表示可修復，常和badly、seriously等副詞搭配；◆

destroy側重“毀”，表示不可修復，不復存在，常和completely、entirely等副詞搭配；◆

ruin側重“毀壞”，使美好的事物失去用途或優(yōu)良特性，盡管此物仍然存在。頭發(fā)經(jīng)常燙、染，容易損傷（damage）頭發(fā)，需要做護理修復。燙壞、燙焦，頭發(fā)就毀（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做個美美的發(fā)型出門，遇到大雨，頭發(fā)還在，但發(fā)型被毀（ruin）了。drought詞根：dryfloodn.①

[C]&[U]洪水；水災：Theriverwasinflood.Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.②[C]大批；大量：floodsofrainAsimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.floodv.①

vi&vt(被)淹沒；(使)泛濫：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.②vi(洪水般地)涌進：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.?floodedadj洪水泛濫的?floodingn[U]水災；洪水泛濫同義異構：pouraffectaffectvt.①

影響toinfluencesb/sth：(基本義）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.affectvt.②

[常用于被動語態(tài)]使感動；打動：

Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.③使感染(疾病)：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.詞語辨析affect/effect

affect（動詞）=

tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影響某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名詞）=result,influence；作用；影響：

Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?

supplywatersupplygassupplyelectricitysupplysupplyn.①

[C]供應量；補給量：Therewasaplentifulsupplyofcheaplabour.Waterisinshortsupply.②［復數(shù)］生活必需品；補給品：school/medical/reliefsupplies③[U]供應；供給：supplyanddemandcutofftheelectricitysupply■vt供給；供應；提供：supplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth:Themediasupplieslotsofinformationtouseveryday.restorere-(back回)+store(儲存)→重新放回儲存→恢復、修復adopt①

收養(yǎng)；領養(yǎng)adoptachild領養(yǎng)孩子②

采用；采納adoptsuggestions采納建議sustainablesustain(v維持)+-able→可持續(xù)的詞塊：sustainabledevelopmentbulb詞塊：a60-wattbulbenergy-saving/energy-efficientbulbsrenewablere-+new+-able詞塊：renewableenergy/resourcescarbon詞塊：carbondioxide(CO2)

low-carbonlifestyle

carbonfootprintgreenhousegreen+house詞塊：greenhouseeffectreusablere+use+-ableV.S.brochurereduce零浪費5R原則拒絕(refuse)你不需要的東西減少

(reduce)需要的物品重復使用(reuse)現(xiàn)有的物品回收利用(recycle)無法使用的物品分解(rot)不可回收物品reducevt&vi縮減；減少：Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.Eatingjuston