2023北京豐臺高三（上）期中英語（教師版）

2023北京豐臺高三（上）期中英語考生須知：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級、班級、姓名、教育ID號用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認(rèn)真核對條形碼上的教育ID號、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。2.本次練習(xí)所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對應(yīng)選項涂黑，如需改動，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3.請嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在練習(xí)卷、草稿紙上答題無效。4.本練習(xí)卷滿分共100分，作答時長90分鐘。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)（其10小題；每小題1.5分，其15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe___1___.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinner,theylookedateachotherandfrowned(皺眉頭).“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart___2___.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris___3___totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith___5___fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel___7___.Heknewthatthelongerhe___8___droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole___9___intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(試鏡)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith____10____.”sheaddedwithasmile.1.A.lie B.story C.news D.truth2.A.wandered B.raced C.failed D.sank3.A.planned B.pretended C.managed D.forgot4.A.lesson B.performance C.practice D.holiday5.A.complaints B.concerns C.contributions D.congratulations6.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything7.A.courageous B.disappointed C.guilty D.curious8.A.putoff B.gaveup C.dependedon D.setabout9.A.experience B.situation C.conversation D.argument10.A.belief B.confidence C.independence D.responsibility第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。DrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___11___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___12___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___13___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___14___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Malevoicesaremuchlowerthanfemalevoices.Thisismainly___15___theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(聲帶).Maleshavelargervocalfoldsthatcreatealowersound,andfemaleshavesmallerones.Apartfromthedifference___16___size,however,theothermajorbiologicaldifferencethateffectsvoicesisthatmalesgenerallyhavealargervocaltract,___17___canfurtherlowerthetone.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),which___18___(launch)in2021,istofindthefirstobjectsthatformedaftertheBigBangandtostudythefirstBlackHoles,thegrowthofgalaxiesandmore.About100times___19___(strong)thanthecelebratedHubbleSpaceTelescope,JWSTcouldobserveabumblebeeattheEarth-moondistance,inreflectedsunlightandthermalemission(熱排放),anditpromisestorevealmany___20___(wonder)ofouruniverse.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.________Solvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingit!Butwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefarreachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinkingandplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameoftheclass?A.PoliticalScience B.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChanges D.PracticalPolicymaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill____________.A.solvepoliticalproblems B.makeaplanfortheirfutureC.changetheworldthroughpictures D.exploretheEarth’sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments.B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign.D.Theyuserenewableenergy.BBravingtheelementsOnDec.26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aformerNavyofficer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(側(cè)滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailwasvisible.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwing,submergeduptohischest,surroundedbyopenwater.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(劃)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.Bynowapoliceofficerhadarrivedandradioedforhelp.Alifeboatappeared,breakingthroughiceasitarrived.Itpickedupthepilotandrushedhimtosafety.LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.“I’m60yearsold,”Gelinnesays.“TherewasnowayIcouldgethimtoshore.”Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday.24.WhydidGelinnerunoutsidewithouthesitation?A.Hehadrescucingexperience. B.Hewantedtoofferhelpintime.C.Heneededmoretimetoprepare. D.Hewasamazedatwhathadhappened.25.HowdidGelinnehelpthepilot?A.Hemadeacalltothepolice. B.Hegotthepilotoutofthewater.C.Heaskedthepilottograspthebow. D.Hepickedupthepilotontotheshore.26.WhatGelinnedidintherescueprovedhimtobe____________.A.generous B.brave C.curious D.strict27.WhatcanGelinneprobablylearnfromtherescue?A.Thinktwicebeforeaction.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.It’snevertoolatetomakethingsright.D.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizechances.C“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon’slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(轉(zhuǎn)向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second,wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A.Theyflydirectlytolights. B.Theycircleclosetolights.C.Theirflyingspeedissteady. D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30.DLRmakesinsects____________.A.balancetheirflying B.keeptheirroutestraightC.decidetheirbodypositon D.shortentheirflightdistanceDWehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(AI)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAIisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(復(fù)制者),andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿傳遞行為)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies—ourancestors—startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31.Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAI,theauthoris____________.A.disapproving B.unconcernedC.sympathetic D.tolerant32.Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat____________.A.memesarecomposedofselfishgenes B.thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC.replicatorsvarywithhumaninterference D.memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B.Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B.Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C.Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D.Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.第二節(jié)（其5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AllthefeelsYoucanmakeyourpicturebookmemorablebyconcentratingonemotionalconnection.Thisworksacrosseveryprincipleofwriting,regardlessofagerangeorgenre(文體),becauseitisuniversallyrecognized.___35___Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.___36___Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.Bybringingemotionintoyourstory,youtapintothatconsciousness.Thestoryfeelsmorerealtous.Itisconsistentwithus,andasaresult,wehavearicherreadingexperience.___37___Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.Forexample,ifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.___38___Anotherreasonforincludingemotioninyourpicturebookistoreallygetyourreaderinsideyourcharacter’shead.Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.___39___Aswellascaringaboutcharacter,anemotion-filledpicturebookthereforekeepsusonourtoes.Ifyouwantyourstorytostandoutamongstotherstories,giveyourreadersomethingtoremember—astrongemotionalconnection.A.Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.B.Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.C.Anemotionalendinginapicturebookworkswell.D.Whenwefeelsomething,wewillhavesharpminds.E.Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.F.Hereiswhyitworksandhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.G.Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)（其4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，其12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。閱讀表達(dá)UpgradeyourproblemsIn2017,Ispentallmymoneybuyingmyfirstflat—whichmeantIhadnomoneytofixmyfirsthomeowner’sproblem.IwassleepingonanairmattressbecauseIcouldn’taffordfurniture.ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).Icouldn’taffordaplumber(水管工)butIdidn’twanttointroducemyselftotheneighbourbycrashingthroughtheirwetceiling.TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthebustoanearbystoreandtalkedwiththeniceguybehindthecounter.Heexplainedhowtofixitandsoldmeapipecutterandabitofpipework.Iwentbackhome,pushedmyheadunderthebath,andgotthejobdone.Ittaughtmealessonthathassincebecomeabitofmottoforme:Upgradeyourproblems.Havingawetbathroomfloorisaproblem—andthedaybeforeIboughttheplace,Iwouldhavehadalandlordtocall.Butoncetheplacewasmine,thisbecamemyproblem.Isawthisasprogress:Youmustownyourownpropertytotakecareofthissortofsituation.Yearslater,whenIfoundedmyprofessionalservicescompanywithmybusinesspartner,Adam,thismottobecamecoretohowweapproachthebusiness.Therehavebeenmanyproblems,andtherewillcontinuetobenewones.However,werememberthereasonwehavetheseproblems—it’sbecausewerunourownbusiness!Alate-payingcustomerisaproblem,butit’soneweencounteronlyifwehavepayingcustomers.ThatiswhyIstillkeepthepipecutteronmydesktoday.Itremindsmethat,nomattermyleveloffrustration(挫敗),IamfortunatetofacetheproblemsIdo.ThemoreIsolvethem,themoreIupgradetoevenbetterones.40.Whatdidtheauthornoticeinhisfirstflat?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Howdidtheauthorsolvehisproblemwiththebath?_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorstillkeepsthepipecutteronhisdesktodaybecauseitremindshimofhissuccessinbusiness._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Whatelsewouldyoudowhenyouencounterproblemsinlife?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你們學(xué)校將開展以“用英文講中國故事”為主題的交流活動。請你給英國交換生Ryan寫一封郵件邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.告知活動安排；2.發(fā)出邀請。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearRyan,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

參考答案第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)（其10小題；每小題1.5分，其15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑?！敬鸢浮?.C2.D3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.A9.B10.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Travaris在學(xué)校音樂劇中被選中擔(dān)任主角，非常高興，但是演出時間正趕上姐姐那天結(jié)婚，他不得不辭去主角的任務(wù)，由于虛榮心，他不想把不能參加演出的事情說出去，后來經(jīng)過幾周的心理斗爭，他感到愧疚，終于告訴戲劇導(dǎo)演他不能參加這次音樂劇的故事。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他迫不及待地想把這個消息告訴父母。A.lie謊話；B.story故事；C.news消息；D.truth事實。根據(jù)語境和前文“helandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical”可知，Travaris在學(xué)校音樂劇中擔(dān)任主角，他想把這個消息告訴父母。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Travaris的心一沉。A.wandered漫游；B.raced賽跑；C.failed失??；D.sank下沉。根據(jù)后文“Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.”可知，因為正好在演出那周他姐姐要在夏威夷結(jié)婚，時間沖突了，所以Travaris的心一沉。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天在學(xué)校，Travaris打算告訴戲劇導(dǎo)演老師Phelps女士，她應(yīng)該把他的角色給別人，因為演出期間他不會在城里。A.planned計劃，打算；B.pretended假裝；C.managed管理；D.forgot忘記。根據(jù)后文“thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”及“Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.”可知，Travaris打算把這事告訴導(dǎo)演老師，但由于虛榮心，又不愿意說。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.lesson課；B.performance表演，演出；C.practice練習(xí)；D.holiday假期。根據(jù)前文分析并結(jié)合后文“sheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelse”可知，演出和姐姐結(jié)婚時間沖突了，所以演出期間Travaris不在城里，要去參加姐姐婚禮。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但一整天，他都被同學(xué)們鋪天蓋地的祝賀聲淹沒了，因為他得到了主角。A.complaints抱怨；B.concerns關(guān)心；C.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；D.congratulations祝賀。根據(jù)后文“forgettingtheleadrole”可知，因為Travaris得到了主角，同學(xué)們都祝賀他。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：他不忍心告訴他們這出戲?qū)λ咽呛翢o意義了。A.nothing什么都沒有；B.anything任何事；C.something某事；D.everything每件事。根據(jù)前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，因為演出期間Travaris不會在城里，所以這出戲?qū)λ咽呛翢o意義了。故選A項。【7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但幾周過去了，Travaris開始感到內(nèi)疚。A.courageous有勇氣的；B.disappointed失望的；C.guilt內(nèi)疚的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)前文分析并結(jié)合前文“becausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___”可知，演出期間Travaris不在城里，他無法參加演出，但沒有告訴導(dǎo)演，所以他感到內(nèi)疚。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他知道，他拖得越久，就越會傷害其他演員和工作人員。A.putoff推遲，拖；B.gaveup放棄；C.dependedon依靠；D.setabout著手，開始。根據(jù)常識和后文“droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew”可知，如果Travaris不把實情告訴導(dǎo)演，拖得越久，就會更加傷害其他演員和工作人員。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Phelps女士感謝他考慮到了全局。A.experience經(jīng)歷；B.situation情況；C.conversation對話；D.argument爭論。根據(jù)前文“TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris告訴導(dǎo)演，他不能出演這部音樂劇，導(dǎo)演感謝他考慮到了整個演出安排情況。故選B項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“但別忘了明年再試鏡，機會和責(zé)任是緊密相連的?！彼χa充道。A.belief信念；B.confidence自信；C.independence獨立；D.responsibility責(zé)任。根據(jù)前文“Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.”可知，Travaris誠實地告訴導(dǎo)演實情，以便導(dǎo)演更好的安排演出，而導(dǎo)演贊揚他顧全大局的誠實品質(zhì)，答應(yīng)明年再給他機會；由此可知，此處表示責(zé)任和機會密切相連。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.toavoid12.sitting13.took14.rapidly【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者開車去棕櫚泉的途中，有車陷入困境，大家齊心幫忙的故事?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：一輛汽車突然改變方向以避免撞上我的車，并向懸崖邊漂移。動詞avoid意為“避免”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語為changed，故本空作非謂語動詞，結(jié)合語意，汽車突然改變方向是為了避免撞上作者的車，空處應(yīng)填不定式形式toavoid，作目的狀語。故答案為toavoid。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：與此同時，一些坐在不同車?yán)锏乃緳C沖了出來。動詞sit意為“坐”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句謂語為rushedout，故本空作非謂語動詞，sit與邏輯主語drivers之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞sitting，作定語，修飾名詞drivers。故答案為sitting?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：他們摘下保護(hù)自己輪胎的鏈條，迅速把它們放在那輛汽車輪胎上。結(jié)合句意和空后的hadprotected可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，故主句用一般過去時，動詞使用過去式形式took。故答案為took?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他們摘下保護(hù)自己輪胎的鏈條，迅速把它們放在那輛汽車輪胎上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空填副詞rapidly“迅速地”，作狀語，修飾動詞put。故答案為rapidly。【答案】15.because16.in17.which【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了男聲比女聲低沉的主要原因。【15題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：這主要是因為它們的聲帶大小不同?！皌heyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(聲帶)”是表語從句，說明了男聲比女聲低沉的原因，用連接詞because引導(dǎo)該表語從句；thisisbecause...“這是因為……”。故填because?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然而，除了大小的差異，影響聲音的另一個主要生物學(xué)差異是男性通常有更大的聲道，這可以進(jìn)一步降低音調(diào)。differencein...是固定搭配，意為“在……方面的差異”。故填in。【17題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：然而，除了大小的差異，影響聲音的另一個主要生物學(xué)差異是男性通常有更大的聲道，這可以進(jìn)一步降低音調(diào)。分析句子可知，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞alargervocaltract，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。【答案】18.waslaunched19.stronger20.wonders【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡(JWST)于2021年發(fā)射升空，旨在尋找大爆炸后形成的第一批物體，并研究第一批黑洞、星系的成長等。分析句子可知，launch(發(fā)射)是定語從句中謂語動詞，與主語which(即先行詞TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope)之間是被動關(guān)系，句中有時間狀語in2021，應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)，又因主語是專有名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，be動詞用was。故填waslaunched?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：JWST的強度大約是著名的哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的100倍，它可以通過反射的陽光和熱輻射在地月距離上觀察一只大黃蜂，它有望揭示我們宇宙的許多奇跡。結(jié)合句意和空格后介詞than可知，句中使用了比較級，用形容詞比較級stronger。故填stronger?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：JWST的強度大約是著名的哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的100倍，它可以通過反射的陽光和熱輻射在地月距離上觀察一只大黃蜂，它有望揭示我們宇宙的許多奇跡?？蓴?shù)名詞wonder作賓語，有限定詞many修飾，用復(fù)數(shù)形式wonders。故填wonders。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）【答案】21.A22.D23.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種課程體系的具體情況?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.(你們將討論并實踐創(chuàng)造性和有說服力的方式來影響決策者和社區(qū)組織。此外，你將在哈克內(nèi)斯會議桌上創(chuàng)建自己的政治社區(qū)，這將激勵你在實踐中學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，在這項課程中，學(xué)生將研究與政治相關(guān)事宜，故這是政治學(xué)。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.(在這堂多學(xué)科課程中，你將研究地球工作系統(tǒng)的生物、物理和化學(xué)方面，以及它們與氣候變化的關(guān)系。)”可知，在能源與創(chuàng)新課程中，學(xué)生將探索地球的工作系統(tǒng)。故選D。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.(你們將討論并實踐影響決策者和社區(qū)組織的創(chuàng)造性和有說服力的方法。)”和文章第三段中“Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.(在我們討論和解決我們星球通往未來的道路時，需要你的想法和創(chuàng)造力來比較和對比能源替代品的好處和成本。)”,以及文章第四段中“Inthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.(在這堂工作室課上，我們將發(fā)展我們的創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，這三個班都需要學(xué)生有創(chuàng)意的設(shè)計。故選C?！敬鸢浮?4.B25.C26.B27.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了60歲的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飛機失控即將墜入湖中時，毫不猶豫地前去救援的故事?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.(這一天，杰琳沒有猶豫。)”和第四段中“Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.(Gelinne用腳試了試冰面，決定不冒險在上面走。于是他從后甲板下拉出一條船。)”可推知，Gelinne毫不猶豫地跑出去是為了及時提供救援。故選B項?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.(Gelinne專注于讓飛行員保持冷靜，他開玩笑說：“只要抓住船，就像你在擁抱你的妻子一樣。”飛行員抓住船頭，但Gelinne知道，他必須在飛行員失去太多體溫之前，把他從水里救出來，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上。)”可知，Gelinne讓飛行員抓住船頭。故選C項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.(這一天，Gelinne沒有猶豫。他跑到水邊。)”、第五段中“Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.(然后他出發(fā)了，推著他的船穿過冰面。這是一項艱苦的工作。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Lat