新教材高中英語人教版學案UNIT4SectionⅢListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting

SectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWritingⅠ.重點單詞1．chargen．收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電2．announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱→announcementn．聲明；宣告→announcern．廣播員，告知者3．amountn．金額；數(shù)量4．galleryn．(藝術作品的)展覽館；畫廊5．approachingn．方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近6．ensurevt.保證；確保；擔保7．landscapen．(陸上，尤指鄉(xiāng)村的)風景8．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的→generouslyadv.慷慨地；寬大地；豐盛地9．buttern．黃油；奶油vt.涂黃油于10．honeyn．蜂蜜11．ancestorn．祖宗；祖先12．positionn．位置；姿態(tài)；職位13．snackn．點心；小吃14．eageradj.熱切的；渴望的→eagernessn．熱切；渴望→eagerlyadv.熱心地；熱切地15．poetn．詩人→poemn．詩；韻文→poetryn．詩歌16．countyn．(英國、愛爾蘭的)郡；(美國的)縣17．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滾；(使)滾動18．cattlen．?！鷅ulln．公?！鷆own．奶牛19．oceann．大海；海洋→Oceanian．大洋洲20．greetvt.問候；迎接→greetingn．迎接；問候；招呼21．pubn．酒吧；酒館22．winen．葡萄酒；果酒23．beern．(一杯)啤酒24．customn．風俗；習俗；習慣→customern．顧客→customsn．海關；關稅25．strikingadj.引人注目的；顯著的→strikevt.打，撞擊；敲響；突然想到vi.罷工n．罷工→strikern．罷工者；前鋒26．crowdn．人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠→crowdedadj.擁擠的Ⅱ.重點短語1．attheentranceof在……的入口2．attendto處理；照料3．watchover照看，照料4．haveaninfluenceon對……有影響5．bedottedwith點綴著6．makeup編造；形成；構成；彌補7．breathein吸入8．introduceoneselftosb.向某人做自我介紹9．belikelyto很可能10．onfire著火11．inruins嚴重受損，破敗不堪Ⅲ.重點句型1．Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.美麗的鄉(xiāng)村讓所有人興奮和鼓舞，為每一種感官提供某種東西。2．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石(愛爾蘭)島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。3．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.有了這一切，愛爾蘭發(fā)展出包括音樂，舞蹈和餐飲在內的強大傳統(tǒng)也就不足為奇了。4．Tohaveachanceofexperiencingthis，stopbyavillagepubandrelaxwithaglassofwineoralocalbeer.想要擁有體驗的機會，去鄉(xiāng)村酒吧吧，喝杯當?shù)氐钠咸丫苹蚱【品潘梢幌隆?．Andifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface，youaremorethanlikelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand.如果你把自己介紹給一個友好的人，你更有可能直接體驗當?shù)氐奈幕土曀住?eq\a\vs4\al(chargen.收費；指控；主管vt.收費；控告；充電)[典型例句]Theydonotchargeatallfortheirservices.他們的服務概不收費。Hewaschargedwithmurder.他被控謀殺罪。Thechargeforadmissionisfivedollars.入場費是5美元。[思維拓展]chargesb.withsth.指控某人有……罪chargesb.somemoneyfor因……向某人要價inchargeof負責；主管；照料takechargeof管理；負責inthechargeof由……管理/負責ThisoperationisinthechargeofDoctorJackson.這次手術由杰克遜大夫負責。Hetookchargeofthefarmafterhisfather'sdeath.他在父親去世后掌管了農場。freeofcharge＝forfree免費[即學即練]一句多譯下周廠長不在時，我將負責整個工廠。I'lltake_charge_ofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.I'llbein_charge_ofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.Thewholefactorywillbe_in_the_charge_of_menextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.2eq\a\vs4\al(announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱)[典型例句]Theyhaven'tformallyannouncedtheirengagementyet.他們還沒有正式宣布訂婚。Thegovernmentyesterdayannouncedtothemediaplanstocreateamillionnewjobs.政府在昨天向媒體宣布了創(chuàng)造一百萬個新工作的計劃。Theyannouncedthattheflightwouldbedelayed.廣播通知，該航班將晚點。Sheannouncedthatshe'dgivenupsmoking.她宣稱她已戒煙。[思維拓展]announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布……announcementn．聲明；宣告announcern．廣播員，告知者[易混辨析]declare/announce(1)declare指正式和明確地向公眾“宣布”“宣告”“聲明”，側重“當眾”發(fā)表，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判某人有罪、宣布國家獨立等，declare后可跟復合賓語。(2)announce指含有預告意味的“宣布”“宣告”或“發(fā)表”，指公開地或官方性質的“宣布”，側重“預告”人們所關心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息，后如需接間接賓語時，要在間接賓語前加to。[即學即練](1)ItwasannouncedthattherewouldbeacelebrationonSunday.據(jù)宣布，星期日要舉行慶祝(活動)。(2)Thispowerfulcountrydeclaredwaronthatsmallcountry.這個強國向那個小國宣戰(zhàn)。(3)Thecourtdeclaredtheyoungmanguilty.法庭宣布這位年輕人有罪。(4)ThelittlegirlannouncedthatshewoulddoanexperimentonFriday.這個小女孩向大家宣布她要在星期五做個實驗。3eq\a\vs4\al(amountn.金額；數(shù)量)[典型例句]Alargeamountofdamagewasdoneinashorttime.短時間內造成了大量損害。Largeamountsoftimewerewasted.大量的時間被浪費了。[思維拓展]theamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞……的數(shù)量alarge/good/greatamountof＋不可數(shù)名詞大量的……(作主語時謂語用單數(shù))large/good/greatamountsof＋不可數(shù)名詞大量的……(作主語時謂語用復數(shù))amountv．總計，共計；相當于，等于amounttosth.共計……；相當于……“許多，大量”表達薈萃：Manyatruewordisspokeninjest.(諺)笑談之中有真話。Isawnumbersofforeignersinthestreet.我在街上看到很多外國人。Welearnedagreatdealofexperiencefromhim.我們向他學了很多經驗。Shehasquantitiesofgoodclothes.她有很多好看的衣服。There'splentyofroominmybag.我的包里有大量的空間。[即學即練]Largeamountsofwaterare_needed(need)forcoolingpurpose.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(approachn.方法；途徑；接近vt.接近；接洽；著手處理vi.靠近)[典型例句]AsIapproachedthehouse，Inoticedalightonupstairs.我走近那幢房子的時候注意到樓上有燈光。Theapproachofwinterbringscoldweather.冬天臨近，天氣轉冷。WehavefoundanewapproachtothestudyofEnglish.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種學英語的新方法。[思維拓展]anapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途徑theapproachofsth.在……快到的時候[易混辨析]approach，manner，method，means，wayapproach指接近某人、某物，也可指對待或處理事物的方式、方法。manner通常用來指行動的特殊方式或獨特的方法。method指有系統(tǒng)、有條理地辦事或解決問題的方法。means指為了達到某種目的或目標而采用的方法、手段或途徑。way比較普通的詞，可以指一般的方法，也可以指個人的方法或方式或者是特殊的方式或方法。Theschoolhasdecidedtoadoptadifferentapproachtodiscipline.學校決定采取另外一種方式解決紀律問題。Itseemedratheranoddmannerofdecidingthings.這樣決定事情好像很奇怪。Ithinkweshouldtryagainusingadifferentmethod.我想我們應該用不同的方法再試一次。Theloadwasliftedbymeansofacrane.重物是用起重機吊起來的。I'mnothappywiththiswayofworking.我不喜歡這種工作方法。注意：表達“用……方法/方式”，用approach，manner，method，means和way表示時，其所用介詞有所不同。學習過程中注意對比歸納記憶。approach常與介詞to連用，theapproachto“……的方法”；ina/an...manner“用……的方式”；inthisway“用這種方法”，而bythisway意為“通過……的方式”；bymeansof“用……的方式”；withthismethod“用這種方法”。[即學即練](1)Wearediscussingseveralapproachestobuilding(build)thebridge.(2)Approaching(approach)thecottage,theysawadogrunningtowardsthem.5eq\a\vs4\al(generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的)[典型例句]Heisverygenerouswithhismoney.他用錢很大方。I'dliketothankSimon,who'sbeenverygenerouswithhistime.我要感謝西蒙，他非?？犊赝度肓嗽S多時間。Myuncleisverygeneroustoeverybody.我叔叔對每個人都很寬容。[思維拓展]begenerouseq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tosb.對人寬容/大方,withsth.用錢等大方))generouslyadv.慷慨地；大方地注意：generous與修飾人的形容詞clever,stupid,smart,foolish,kind等用法一樣，常與of一起構成不定式復合結構；而difficult,necessary,important,possible等表示事物特征的形容詞則與for一起構成不定式復合結構。Itisgenerousofyoutolendmethebook.(＝Youaregeneroustolendmethebook.)你把這本書借給了我，真是慷慨。It'sdifficultforyoutodoso.(不能說Youaredifficulttodoso.)這樣做對你來說很難。[即學即練]Thankyouagainforthebooksyougenerously(generous)donated.6eq\a\vs4\al(eageradj.熱切的；渴望的)[典型例句]Wearealleagerforknowledge.我們都求知心切。He'seagertogowithher.他渴望同她一起去。Tomwaseagerforyoutoetotheparty.湯姆期盼你來參加聚會。注意：eager后接that引導的從句時，從句的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。[思維拓展]beeagerfor...渴望……beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事beeagerthat...熱切希望……eagerlyadv.熱切地eagernessn．渴望“渴望……”相關表達聚焦：bedyingtodosth./forsth.beanxioustodosth./forsth.bekeenonsth.beeagertodosth./forsth.bethirstyforsth.longtodosth./forsth.[即學即練]Iwasn'tabletohidemyeagerness(eager)whenIasked，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”7eq\a\vs4\al(greetvt.問候；迎接)[典型例句]Hegreetedalltheguestswarmlyastheyarrived.客人到達時他都熱情迎接。[思維拓展]greetsb.withsth.以……迎接某人greetsb./sth.with/assth.(以某種方式)對……做出反應Themoviestarwasgreetedwithcheersfromhisfans.這位電影明星迎來了粉絲們的歡呼。Theteam'swinwasgreetedasamajortriumph.這個隊獲勝被看成是一個重大的勝利。greetingn．[C，U]問候；[pl.]祝賀；賀詞[即學即練]Hegreeteduswithasmile.8eq\a\vs4\al(customn.風俗；習俗；習慣)[典型例句]Itisdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountry'scustoms.要適應另一國家的風俗習慣是困難的。Itisthecustominthatcountryforwomentomarryyoung.女子早婚是那個國家的風俗。[思維拓展]follow/keepupacustom沿襲/保留風俗thecustomofdoingsth.做某事的習慣Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.做……(對某人來說)是一種風俗customersn．顧客；客戶[即學即練]Whenyougoabroadforfurtherstudy,youshouldlearntoadapttothecustoms(custom)ofthedestinationcountry.9eq\a\vs4\al(crowdn.人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使……擁擠)[典型例句]Sheshuthermindagainstthefearsthatcrowdedinonher.她克制自己不去想那些涌上心頭的恐懼感。Thiscaraccidentdrewalargecrowdaroundthesite.這場車禍招來一大群人圍在現(xiàn)場。[思維拓展]acrowdof＝(crowdsof)一群(成群)……thecrowd群眾；百姓crowdaround聚集在……周圍；聚攏crowdintosth.涌上心頭crowdsb./sth.out把某人/物排擠在外becrowdedwith充滿；擠滿[即學即練]Aftermeetingthebeautifulgirl,Peterlayonhisbedwithwonderfulideascrowding(crowd)in.考點集訓一單句語法填空1．Whatattractsusmostisthattheyoffersometrainingtofansoftabletennisfreeofcharge.2．Iwillgoonabusinesstriptomorrow.Markwillbeinchargeofthepanyduringmyabsence.3．Ireadtheannouncement(announce)ofthesummercampthatyouhavepostedontheInternetandIamveryinterestedinit.4．HeintendedtogiveawayalargeamountofmoneytotheProjectHope.5．Themusiciantoldmethatfacinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.6．However,theystillapproached(approach)thewolfbravely.7．I'dliketothankSimon，who'sbeenverygenerouswithhistime.8．Heiseagerly(eager)lookingforwardtowinningtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.9．Sheiseagerto_get(get)moreknowledgeofchilddevelopmentandtobetterunderstandhowyoungchildrenlookattheworld.10．Sheoftengreets(greet)meinafriendlymanner,soIthinksheisapersonwithgoodmanners.11．Iwouldrathercycletoworkthantakeabusbecauseitisusuallyverycrowded(crowd)onthebus.eq\a\vs4\al(makeup編造；形成；構成；補上；彌補)[典型例句]Hemadeupsomeexcusesabouthisdaughterbeingsick.他編造了一些借口，說他的女兒病了。Itoldthekidsastory,makingitupasIwentalong.我給孩子們講了個故事，是現(xiàn)編的。Girlsmakeup56%ofthestudentnumbers.女生占學生人數(shù)的56%。Weneedonemorepersontomakeupateam.我們還需要一個人才能組成一個隊。CanIleaveearlythisafternoonandmakeupthetimetomorrow?我今天下午早點兒走，明天補上這段時間，可以嗎？[思維拓展]makeit獲得成功，成功到達makeoff匆忙離開makeout明白，弄懂；看清，辨認清楚[即學即練]Tomydelight,mysonbegantomakeupthelessonshemissed.考點集訓二單句語法填空Elevenplayersmakeupafootballteam.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.美麗的鄉(xiāng)村讓所有人興奮和鼓舞，為每一種感官提供某種東西。(1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句。offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作伴隨狀語。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語時表示分詞動作伴隨謂語動作發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的用法透視：①現(xiàn)在分詞可作時間、伴隨、條件、方式、原因、結果等狀語，其中作時間、條件、原因、結果狀語時可轉化成相應的狀語從句，而作伴隨和方式狀語時只能轉化成并列分句。如：Heislyingonthegrasslisteningtomusic.＝Heislyingonthegrassandheislisteningtomusic.他正躺在草地上，聽著音樂。(伴隨狀語)Walkinginthestreet(＝When/WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet),Isawhim.我走在街上時看到了他。(時間狀語)Beingspring(＝As/Sinceitisspring),theflowersareinfullbloom.春天到了，百花盛開。(原因狀語)②現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致，且doing表示do與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關系；beingdone表示do與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系；若分詞動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，則用完成式havingdone；若表示被動和完成，則用havingbeendone。如：Beingsurrounded,theenemywasforcedtosurrender.敵人被包圍了，被迫投降。Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn'tloseheart.盡管失敗了很多次，但他沒有灰心。[即學即練](1)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathing(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.(2)WhenIwaslittle，mymotherusedtositbymybed，telling(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“綠寶石愛爾蘭島”風光寧靜秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊點綴其中，堪稱一場名副其實的視覺盛宴。(1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句。使用了“主系表”句型結構。后面withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle是with的復合結構。(2)with復合結構可作定語和狀語，其具體形式如下：with＋名詞/代詞＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容詞/副詞/介詞短語,不定式表動作尚未發(fā)生,現(xiàn)在分詞可表主動和進行,過去分詞可表被動和完成))Withsomanybookstoread，Ihavenotimetochatwithyou.有這么多的書要讀，我沒時間跟你閑聊。(books與read之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，但不定式用主動形式表示被動意義)Don'tstandwithyourhandsinyourpockets.站著的時候不要把手插在口袋里。Withtimegoingby，theybecameclosefriends.隨著時間的流逝，他們成了好朋友。Withthefloorwet，Ihadtostayoutside.由于地板潮濕，我只得待在屋外。Withhersisterout，shehadtostayathomealone.因為她的姐姐出去了，她只得獨自待在家里。Theyboughtahousewithmanytreesandflowersplantedaroundlastmonth.上個月他們買了一座四周植滿了樹與鮮花的房子。[巧學妙記]with復合結構用法口訣with結構并不難，with后面賓語連，動賓關系用過分，主謂關系用現(xiàn)分，將來要把不定跟，還有三種形副介。[即學即練](1)Ourgovernmentwilltrytobeautifythecityandwithtreesandflowersto_plant(plant)everywhere，ourcitywilltakeonanewlook.(2)Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealreadylaid(lay)foramealtobecooked.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.有了這一切，愛爾蘭發(fā)展出包括音樂，舞蹈和餐飲在內的強大傳統(tǒng)也就不足為奇了。(1)句式分析：這是一個主從復合句。it是形式主語，后面是that引導的主語從句，其中又包含了that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞traditions。(2)“It＋be＋adj.＋that/wh-引導的從句”句型，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是that/wh-引導的從句。ItiscertainthatWilliamwilldoverywellinhisexam.威廉肯定會考得很好。it作形式主語的其他常見句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Itseems/appears/happens等＋that...,It's＋名詞/形容詞nogood/nouse/useless＋doing...,It's＋過去分詞said/reported/known/expected/,believed＋that...,It's＋名詞apity/nowonder＋todo/that...,Itdoesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/makesnosense＋,從句,It's＋形容詞important/clear/necessary＋forsb./,sth.todosth.))Italwaysseemsthatwelackmoney.我們似乎總是缺錢。Itisapitythatyoumissedthefootballmatch.你錯過了這場足球賽，太遺憾了！It'suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.吃這種藥沒有用。Itisreportedthat16peopleweresavedfromthesea.據(jù)報道有16個人被從海上救起。It'snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguages.對年輕人來說，掌握兩門外語很有必要。[即學即練]Ithappenedthathewasspendinghisholidayonthebeach.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())Tohaveachanceofexperiencingthis，stopbyavillagepubandrelaxwithaglassofwineoralocalbeer.想要擁有體驗的機會，去鄉(xiāng)村酒吧吧，喝杯當?shù)氐钠咸丫苹蚱【品潘梢幌隆?1)句式分析：這是一個簡單句。Tohaveachanceofexperiencingthis是不定式短語作目的狀語，后面是一個祈使句。(2)不定式作目的狀語的用法歸納：①不定式所表示的動作通常發(fā)生在謂語動作之后，且不定式通常用一般式②不定式的邏輯主語應與句子主語保持一致③句子主語與構成不定式的動詞為主謂關系時，不定式用主動形式，反之則用被動形式④為表示強調可在不定式前加inorder/soas，需要注意的是soasto不能位于句首⑤不定式的否定形式：(inorder/soas)nottodo→Inorderto/Towinthescholarship，shestudieshard.→Shestudieshard(soas/inorder)towinthescholarship.為了拿到獎學金，她刻苦學習。Hetriedtobeagoodchildtobelikedbyhisparents.為了讓父母喜歡，他努力做一個好孩子。[即學即練](1)Theytrainedhardto_win(win)theingmatch.(2)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlongto_see(see)thebenefit.(3)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofriceto_improve(improve)waterquality.(4)DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival，familymembersoftengathertogetherto_share(share)ameal，admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())Andifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface，youaremorethanlikelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand.如果你把自己介紹給一個友好的人，你更有可能直接體驗當?shù)氐奈幕土曀住?1)句式分析：這是一個主從復合句。ifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface是if引導的條件狀語從句，后面是主句。(2)sb.belikelytodosth.意為“某人很可能做某事”，相當于Itislikelythat...，其中l(wèi)ikely為形容詞。Sheislikelytoringmetonight.＝Itislikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今天晚上可能會給我打。[一句多譯]他在2016年有可能會創(chuàng)造一項世界紀錄。①Itispossibleforhimtosetaworldrecordin2016.②Itisprobablethathewillsetaworldrecordin2016.③Heislikelytosetaworldrecordin2016.④Itislikelythathewillsetaworldrecordin2016.[即學即練]Tomislikelyto_attend(attend)thismeeting.考點集訓三單句語法填空1．Thesunwasshiningbrightly，making(make)everythingtherelookmorebeautiful.2．Withtimegoing(go)by，theexaminationisdrawingnear.3．Withalotofhomeworkto_do(do)，theboyhadnotimetogoouttoplay.4．Itisnecessarythatchildren(should)haveenoughsleep.5．ItissuggestedthattheEnglishpartyshouldbeheldonSaturday.6．Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthereto_be_trained(train)foraspaceflight.7．Hetravelsaroundtheworldto_gather(gather)theinformationaboutthedisease.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Iwasappointedtotakecharge(主管)ofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.2．Intheend,whenourheadmasterannounced(宣布)thewinners,thewholeplaceburstoutwithclappingandcheering.3．Besides,allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamounts(數(shù)量)ofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球場)ingoodcondition.4．Theforeignersmaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowtoapproach(接近)astranger.5．Itseemsthatparentsshouldcreateroomforchildren'sgrowthandstudy,inordertoensure(確保)theiroveralldevelopment.6．Thetreesandthemountainsmadethelandscape(風景)verybeautiful.7．MsAliceisconsideredagenerous(慷慨的)ladybyus,forsheoftenhelpsthe