英文版癌癥介紹課件

Englishversionofcancerintroductioncourseware目錄CONTENTSOverviewofCancerSymptomsandDiagnosisofCancerTreatmentmethodsforcancerPreventionandcontrolofcancerRehabilitationandnumberingofcancerResearchprogressandfutureprospectsofcancer01OverviewofCancerCHAPTERBasicdefinitionCancerisagroupofdiseasescharacterizedbytheuncontrolledgrowthofcellsinthebodyThesecellsformamasscalledatutor,whichcaninvadeanddestroynormalissuesThedefinitionofcancerClassificationIntroductionCancercanbeclassifiedbasedonthetypeofcellfromwhichitoriginated,thelocationinthebody,andthedegreeofmaliceThereareover100typesofcancer,eachwithitsowntreatmentapproachClassificationofCancerPathogenesisTheexactreasonofcancerisnotfullyunderstood,butitisbelievedtobeacombinationofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsNormalcellsunderaseriesofgeneticchangesthatleadtothedevelopmentofcancerThepathogenesofcancer02SymptomsandDiagnosisofCancerCHAPTERSymptomsofcancerPersistentpaint:PersistentpaintinoneareathatdoesnotbelongorisnotexplainedbyanyotherknownconditioncanbeasignofcancerUnexplainedweightloss:Suddenandunexplainedweightloss,evenwithoutmeetingorincreasingexercise,canbearedflagforcancerUnexplainedfever:Afeverthatlastsformorethanafewdays,specificallywithoutanyothersymptomslikecoughorcold,brightindicatingcancerLumpsormasses:Thepresenceoflumpsormassesinthebody,specificallythosethatarehard,fixedtotheunderlyingissue,anddonotrespondtoantibioticsorpaintellers,couldbeasignofcancerAbiopsyistheremovalofasmallpieceoftissueformicroscopicexaminationtoconfirmthepresenceofcancercellsBiopsyImagingtestslikeX-rays,computedtomography(CT)scans,magneticresonanceimaging(MRI),andpositronemissiontomography(PET)scanscanhelpidentifythelocationandextentofthetutorImagingtestsDiagnosticmethodsforcancerDiagnosticmethodsforcancerBloodtestscanhelpdetectthepresenceoftubermarkersorothersubstancesthatmayindicatecancerBloodtestsAnendoscopyisaprocedurethatallowsdoctorstovisualizetheinsideofthebodyactivityororganizationinquestion,oftentocollectissuesamplesforbiopsyEndoscopeDiagnosticstepsandprocessesInitialevaluation:TheinitialstepinthediagnosticprocessinvolvesathroughmedicalhistoryandphysicalexaminationtoidentifyanyconcernedsymptomsorfindingsDiagnostictesting:Basedontheinitialevaluation,diagnostictestslikethosementionedabovemaybeorderedtoconfirmorruleoutadiagnosisofcancerIssuediagnosis:Ifcancerissuspected,abiopsyiscurrentlyperformedtoconfirmthediagnosisThetypeofbiopsydependsontheorganicinvolvedandtheaccessibilityoftheregionStaging:Onceadiagnosisofcancerisconfirmed,stagingisperformedtodeterminetheextentofthediseaseStaginghelpsguidetreatmentdecisionsandassessmentsoftheissues03TreatmentmethodsforcancerCHAPTERSurgicaltreatmentistheuseofsurgerytoremovecancertissueororgansItisoftenthefirstlineoftreatmentformanycancerpatientsandcanbecurativeinsomecasesSurgerycanalsobeusedincombinationwithothertreatmentmethodstocontrolthespreadofcancerSurgicaltreatment0102Surgicaltreatment+Quicklyremovethetuber,reducingtheriskoffurthergrowthandspreadBenefitsofsurgicaltreatment+Canimprovesymptomsandqualityoflife+Insomecases,surgerycancurethecancerDrawbacksofsurgicaltreatmentSurgicaltreatment+Highriskofsurgicalcomplications,particularlyforelderlyorfrailpatients+Maynotbesuitableforallcancerorstagesofcancer+LongrecoveryperiodaftersurgerySurgicaltreatmentDrugtherapyinvolvestheuseofdrugstokillcancercellsorslowtheirgrowthItcanbeadministeredthroughpills,injections,orinfusionsChemotherapyisacommontypeofdrugtherapyforcancerDrugtherapyBenefitsofdrugtherapy+Effectiveinkillingcancercellsandreducingtubersize+CanbeusedincombinationwithothertreatmentmethodsDrugtherapy+CancontrolthespreadofcancerandpreventionmetastasisDrugtherapyDrawbacksofDrugTherapy+Highriskofsideeffects,suchasnasea,volatility,hairloss,andfatigue+Maynotbesuitableforallcancerorstagesofcancer+Longtermusemayleadtodrugresistance01020304DrugtherapyRadiationtherapyinvolvestheuseofhighenergyradiationtokillcancercellsorslowtheirgrowthItisoftenusedasalocaltreatmentfortutorsandcanbeadministeredthroughexternalbeamradiationorbrachyterapyRadiationtherapyBenefitsofradiationtherapy+Effectiveinkillingcancercellsandreducingtubersize+MinimallyinvasiveandeasytoadministerRadiationtherapy+CanbeusedincombinationwithothertreatmentmethodsRadiationtherapyRadiationtherapyDrawbacksofradiationtherapy+Highriskofsideeffects,suchasradiationburns,skinchanges,andradiationpneumoniaRadiationtherapy+Maynotbesuitableforallcancerorstagesofcancer+LongtermeffectsofradiationexposureareunknownOthertreatmentmethodsincludeimmunotherapy,targetedtherapy,andcryotherapyThesemethodsarelesscommonbutcanbeeffectiveforspecificcancerorstagesofcancerOthertreatmentmethodsBenefitsofothertreatmentmethods+TargetedandpersonalizedtreatmentoptionsforspecificcancerorpatientneedsOthertreatmentmethods+Lessinvasiveandsideeffectsmaybereduced+MayimprovequalityoflifeandsurvivalratesinsomecasesOthertreatmentmethods010204OthertreatmentmethodsDrawbacksofothertreatmentmethods+Limitedavailabilityandaccesstothesetreatmentmethods+Highcostandlimitedinsurancecoverage+Longtermeffectsandefficacyareunknowninsomecases0304PreventionandcontrolofcancerCHAPTEREatabalanceddieIncorporateavarietyoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,leanprotein,andhealthyfatintoyourmealsLimitprocessedfoodsandsugarsnakesGetenoughsleepAdultsshouldaimfor7-9hoursofsleeppernightChildrenandteachersneedevenmoreManagestressFindwaystoreducestressinyourlife,suchasthroughtreatment,exercise,orsimplytakingtimeforeachdayStayphysicallyactiveGetatleast30minutesofmodernizedexerciseonmostdaysThiscanincludewalking,cycling,oranyotherformofphysicalactivityAhealthylifestyleRegularscreeningandphysicalexaminationDependenceonyourageandriskfactors,youmayneedscreensforothercancerlikeprostateorlungcancerScreenforothercancerThisshouldincludeaphysicalexam,bloodpressurecheck,andbloodteststoscreenfordiamondsandcholesterolGetregularcheckupswithyourdoctorTheseareimportantscreensforbreadandcolorcancer,respectivelyGetmammogramsandcolonoscopiesasrecommendedGetallrecommendedvaccinesVaccinescanhelppreventdiseasesthatcanincreaseyourriskofdevelopingcancer,suchashepatitisBandhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)AdvisorpreventivetreatmentsSometreatments,likeaspirin,havebeenshowntoreducetheriskofcancerTalktoyourdoctoraboutwhichthesemedicinesarerightforyouVacationandproactivetreatment05RehabilitationandnumberingofcancerCHAPTERPsychologicalsupportProvideemotionalsupportandcounselingtohelppatientsscopewiththeemotionalimpactofcancerdiagnosisandtreatment要點一要點二RehabilitationprogramsDesignrehabilitationprogramstohelppatientsregisterphysicalfunctions,includingphysicaltherapy,occupationaltherapy,andspeechtherapyPhysiologicalsupportandrehabilitationProvidepersonalizeddietaryguidancetoensurepatientsreceiveequalnutritionduringtreatmentandrecoveryRecommendsuppliestoaddressspecificnutritionalneeds,suchasproteinsuppliesformusclelossorcalciumsuppliesforbonehealthNutritionandRehabilitationSupplementsDietaryguidanceHomecareservicesArrangehomecareservices,includingskillednursing,personalcare,andhomemakingservices,tosupportpatientswhoareunabletocareforthemselvesRehabilitationguidanceProviderehabilitationguidancetohelppatientstransitionfromthehospitaltohomeandcontinuetheirrehabilitationprogramHomecareandrehabilitationguidance06ResearchprogressandfutureprospectsofcancerCHAPTERBreakthroughinprecisionmedicineAdvancementsingenetictestingandtargetedtherapieshavealloweddoctorstotailortreatindividualpatients,improvingoutcomesandreducingsideeffectsImmunoherapyResearchinimmunoherapyhasledtothedevelopmentofbugsthatcanharnessthebody'simmunesystemtoattachcancercells,promotingnewhopeforpatientswithpreviouslyincurablecancerPersonalizedcancervaccinesThedevelopmentofpersonalizedcancervaccines,designedtotargettheuniquemutationsfoundineachpatient'stutor,reportsasignificantstepforwardinthefitagainstcancerThelatestprogressincancerresearchCombinationtherapiesFuturecancertreatmentmayinvolvecombiningdifferentdrugsortherapiestomaximizetheireffectivenessandreduceresistanceEar