新生兒低血糖英語課件

NewbornhypoglycemiaPPTEnglish匯報人：目錄CONTENTSIntroductionThecausesofneonatalhyperglycemiaSymptomsanddiagnosisofneonalhypoglycemiaTreatmentofneonatalhyperglycemiaPreventionofneonatalhyperglycemiaThediagnosisandimpactofneuralhyperglycemia01IntroductionCHAPTERDefinitionNewbornhyperglycemiaisabloodglucoselevellessthan2.6mmol/Linimportswithin28daysafterbirthImportanceItisacommonmetabolicdisorderinneonates,whichmayleadtobraindamageandotherseriessequencesifnotimmediatelydiagnosedandtreatedDefinitionandImportanceIncidentTheincidentofnewbornhyperglycemiaisrelativelyhigh,affectingabout30%ofnewbornsRiskfactorsRiskfactorsincludeprecision,lowbirthweight,materialdiamonds,andotherpermanentfactorsGeographicdistributionThereisnosignificantgeographicdifferenceintheincidentofnewbornhyperglycemiaHowever,itismorecommonindevelopingcountriesduetolimitedmedicalresourcesandpoorlivingconditionsEpidemiologicaloverview02ThecausesofneonatalhyperglycemiaCHAPTERNormalphysiologicalchanges-Duringthefirstfewdaysoflife,thenewborn'sbloodglucoselevelisrelativelylowduetothenormalphysiologicalchangesthatoccurafterbirthThisisbecausethebaby'spancreaticisnotyetfullyfunctionalandcannotproducesufficientinsulintoregulatebloodglucoselevelsFastgrowthanddevelopment-Babiesrequirealotofenergyforgrowthanddevelopment,andtheirbodiesareconsistentlyconvertingglucoseintoenergyThisrapidgrowthanddevelopmentcanleadtoatemporarydecreaseinbloodglucoselevelsPhysicalreasonsInbornerrorsofmetabolism-Somebabiesarebornwithinbounderrorsofmetabolismthataffectsthebody'sabilitytoregulatebloodglucoselevelsTheseconditionsarerarebutcanleadtoseverehypoglycemiathatrequiresimmediatetreatmentHypothyroidism-BabiesbornwithhyperthyroidismmayhaveareducedabilitytoregulatebloodglucoselevelsThisconditionistreatablewiththyroidhormonereplacementtherapyPathologicalreasonsExcessiveadministrationofinsulin-BabieswhorequireinsulintherapyforhyperglycemiamayexperiencehyperglycemiaiftoomanyinsulinisadministeredClosemonitoringandadjustmentofinsulindosesareessentialtopreventthisapplicationExcessivecalorietake-Babieswhoreceivetoomanycaloriesthroughfeesorinvasivesolutionsmayexperiencehyperglycemia,whichcanleadtohyperglycemiaifnoturgentlytreatedItisimportanttomaintainabalancebetweencalciumintakeandenergyrequirementstoavoidthisapplicationIatrogenicreasons03SymptomsanddiagnosisofneonalhypoglycemiaCHAPTERWhenthebloodglucoselevelofthenewbornistoolow,thebabymayshowtremblingandshiftingTremblyandshiftingWeaknessandfatigueIrritabilitySeizuresThebabymayfeelweakandeasilytired,andmaynotbeinterestedineatingorcryingThebabymaybecomeveryirritableandmaycryuncontrollablyIfthehydroglycemiaissevere,thebabymayhaveseizuresSymptoms0102DiagnosticcriteriaThebloodglucoselevelofthenewbornislowerthanthenormalrangefortheagegroupThebloodglucoselevelofthenewbornislessthan2.2mmol/L(40mg/dl)Bloodglucosemeasurement01ThebloodglucoselevelofthenewborncanbemeasuredbyheelpriceorbloodsamplingfromtheveinPhysicalexamination02Thedoctorwillcheckthebaby'sgeneralcondition,includingweight,height,headcirculation,andotherphysicalsignsHistorytaking03Thedoctorwillaskaboutthebaby'sbirthhistory,feedinghistory,andotherrelevantinformationtohelpdiagnosethecauseofthepandemicDiagnosticmethod04TreatmentofneonatalhyperglycemiaCHAPTERGivingglucoseorallytothenewbornthroughabottomorspoonThismethodissuitableformillcasesofhydroglycemiaAdministeringglucosethroughaNasalgastubeThismethodissuitablefornewbornswhocannotsackorswallowOralorNasalfeedingofglucoseNasalfeedingOralfeedingThistreatmentmethodissuitableformultiplecasesofhypoglycemiaorwhenoralornasalfeedingisnoteffectiveGlucoseisrejecteddirectlyintothebloodstreamthroughaninvasiveline,promotingarapidsourceofenergyforthenewbornIntravenousinjectionofglucoseMonitoringbloodglucoselevelsRegularlymonitoringbloodglucoselevelsisessentialtoensurethatthenewborn'shyperglycemiaiseffectivelycontrolledAdjustingfeedingscheduleAdjustingthefeedingscheduleofthenewborn,includingthefrequencyandamountoffeeds,canhelpcontrolbloodglucoselevelsSeekingmedicalattentionIfthenewborn'spsychemiaissevereorpersistent,seekingmedicalattentionfromaneonatologistorpediatricianisrecommendedOthertreatmentmethods05PreventionofneonatalhyperglycemiaCHAPTERPregnancypreventionItisessentialtomaintaingoodhealthduringpreheating,includingpropernutrition,weightcontrol,andavoidanceofsmokingandalcoholRegularprecheckupsPrecheckupsallowforearlydetectionandtreatmentofconditionsthatmayincreasetheriskofneurologicalhyperglycemiaTimelypreliminarydiagnosisIfthereisafamilyhistoryofneogenomicorotherriskfactors,preliminarytestingcanidentifyatriskfactorsMaterialhealthcare

PreventionduringtheneuralperiodClosemonitoringNewbornsshouldbecloselymonitoredforsignsofhypoglycemia,suchaslethargy,poorfeeding,andsizesTimelytreatmentIfhypoglycemiaisdetected,prompttreatmentwithinvasiveglucoseorformulafeedingisessentialtopreventlongtermsequelaeBreakfeedingBreakfeedingisrecommendedfornewbornstopromotenormalgrowthanddevelopmentandreducetheriskofhyperglycemiaRegularfollow-upappointmentswithahealthcareprovidertomonitorgrowthanddevelopmentNutritionalguidance:Parentsshouldbeadvisedonpropernutritionfortheirinfants,includingbreakfeeding,introductionofsupplementaryfoods,andavoidanceofsupplementarydrinksEarlyintervention:Ifanincidentshowssignsofdevelopmentaldelayorotherneurologicalsequelae,earlyinterventionservicessuchasphysicaltherapy,occupationaltherapy,andspeechtherapyshouldbesufficientHomecarerecommendations06ThediagnosisandimpactofneuralhyperglycemiaCHAPTERMetabolicDisturbancesHypopsychemiacanleadtoacidosis,hyperbilirubinemia,andelectrolyteimbalancesGrowthandDevelopmentShorttermimpactongrowthanddevelopmentmayincludefailuretodriveanddevelopmentaldelaysNeurologicalSymptomsNeonateswithhydroglycemiamayexperiencesyndromessuchasjitteriness,poorfeeding,andlethargyShorttermimpactLongtermc