四川省成都市高三上學(xué)期12月第一次診斷性檢測英語試題

成都市2018級高中畢業(yè)班第一次診斷性檢測英語本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考籍號填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.答選擇題時,必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑,如需改動,用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號。3.答非選擇題，必須使用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無效。5.考試結(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。第I卷（100分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatpresentsarethebestforkids?AToys.B.Books.C.Itdepends.2.WhodoesthemanprefertowatchtheTVprogramwith?A.Hisfather.B.Hisbrother.C.Hisfriends.3.What'stheman'spurpose?A.Togreetthewoman.B.Tomakeasurvey.C.Toprovidehelp.4.What'sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Colleagues.C.Interviewerandinterviewee5Whyisthephotographsospecialforthewoman?A.ItwastakeninVietnamB.Itisanartwork.C.Itwastaken5yearsago.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whydidthewomanpayforhermealwithcash?A.Herphoneisbroken.B.Shecansavemoney.C.Sheenjoyscalculation.7.Whatwillthemanmostprobablydo?A.Paybyphone.B.Payincash.C.Practicecalculation.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whywon'tthemandrivetothetowncenter?A.It'sinconvenient.B.It'stooexpensive.C.It'salongride.9Howmuchdoesitcosttotakeataxi?A.About10pounds.B.About12pounds.C.About15pounds.10.Howwillthemangotothetowncenter?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Onfoot.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Intheteacher'soffice.C.Oncampus.12.Whendidthewomanarrive?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisfirstlecture?A.Boring.B.Amazing.C.Interesting.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whendopeoplecelebrateparties?A.Duringfamilyreunions,B.OnNewYearday.C.Eachtimepeoplemeetup.15.Wherearehousewarmingsmorelikelytobeheld?A.Inside.B.Outside.C.Eitherinsideoroutside.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.SheneverdrinksatthepartyB.Sheusuallywearsjeans.C.Shelikesattendingparties.17.Whatdoyouneedtobringtoaparty?A.Itisuptothehost.B.Somespecialgifts.C.It'snotamust.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatdoweknowaboutthePhysicalFitnessInstructors'course?A.Ithasnospecialentryrequirements.B.It'sdesignedforthoseinemployment.C.Itoffersafour—yeardegreeineducation.19.Whichoneissuitableforthosewhowanttogetacertificateassoonaspossible?A.SportsAdministratorscourse.B.PhysicalEducationTeachers'course.C.ThePhysicalFitnessInstructors'course.20.What'sthepurposeofthetalk?A.Toadvertisethecourses.B.Tointroducedifferentcourses.C.Togivetipsonchoosingcourses.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ASummerServersSummerServerscontactsareanonprofitstodeterminethenumberofvolunteersneededattheorganizationsthroughoutthesummerweeks.StudentssignupforvolunteerexpeditionswithSummerServersattheActivitiesFaironOpeningWeekend.TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.Visitthewebsiteorcall(617)495—3454tolearnmoreinformation.HarvardSummerSchoolOrchestraTheHarvardSummerSchoolOrchestraiscurrentlyinitsthirtyfifthseasonunderthedirectionofJudithZuckerman.Practisesessionsarefrom6:30pmto9pm,inSandersTheatre,onthefollowingdates:Friday,June28;Mondays,startingJuly1;andFriday,July26.TheperformanceisscheduledforSaturday,July27,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.Formoreinformation,pleaseemailhsso@verizon.net.HarvardSummerPopsBandThebandisopentomostinstrumentplayersfrombothHarvardandtheGreaterBostonarea,regardlessofageorexperience.PractisesessionsareWednesdaysinSandersTheatrefrom7:15pmto9:30pm,startingJune24.Thebandwillperformtwoconcerts.ThefirstonJuly23at4pminTercentenaryTheatre,HarvardYard,andthesecondonJuly26at3pmattheHatchMemorialShellinBoston.Formoreinformation,emailmeolson@fas.Harvard.edu.HarvardSummerChorusThechorus,foundedin1936,isledbyAndrewClark,Harvard1.Whichofthefollowingsuitsthosewhoareonlyavailableontheweekend?A.SummerServers. B.HarvardSummerSchoolOrchestra.C.HarvardSummerPopsBand. D.HarvardSummerChorus.2.WhatdoweknowaboutHarvardSummerPopsBand?A.Therearetwopracticesessionsintotal. B.It'sonlysuitableforexperiencedplayers.C.Eachpracticesessionlastsnearly3hours. D.Theconcertswillbeheldindifferenttheatres.3.Whatdothethreemusicalclubshaveinmon?A.Theyalldatebacktooverthreedecadesago.B.TheyallhaveperformancesinSandersTheatre.C.Alloftheiractivitiesarescheduledinthesummer.D.Theyallhavepractisesessionsatleasttwiceaweek.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個音樂俱樂部和一個樂隊夏天的演出活動安排。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“StudentssignupforvolunteerexpeditionswithSummerServersattheActivitiesFaironOpeningWeekend.TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.(在開幕周末的活動會上，學(xué)生們與暑期服務(wù)員一起報名參加志愿者探險活動。整個夏天都安排在星期六旅行)”可推斷，SummerServers適合那些只在周末有空的人。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HarvardSummerPopsBand部分中“Thebandwillperformtwoconcerts.ThefirstonJuly23at4pminTercentenaryTheatre,HarvardYard,andthesecondonJuly26at3pmattheHatchMemorialShellinBoston.(樂隊將演出兩場音樂會。第一場于7月23日下午4點在哈佛廣場的三百周年紀(jì)念劇院舉行，第二場于7月26日下午3點在波士頓的哈奇紀(jì)念堂舉行)”可知，HarvardSummerPopsBand的音樂會將在不同的劇院舉行。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TripsarescheduledthroughoutthesummeronSaturdays.(整個夏天都安排在星期六旅行)”；第二段中“Practisesessionsarefrom6:30pmto9pm,inSandersTheatre,onthefollowingdates:Friday,June28;Mondays,startingJuly1;andFriday,July26.TheperformanceisscheduledforSaturday,July27,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.(練習(xí)時間安排如下：6月28日星期五下午6點半至9點在桑德斯劇院，從7月1日開始每周一練習(xí)，7月26日星期五。演出定于7月27日星期六晚上8點在紀(jì)念館桑德斯劇院舉行)”以及最后一段中“PractisesessionsareTuesdaysandThursdays,7pmto9:30pm,inSandersTheatre,startingTuesday,June25.ThefinalperformanceisscheduledforFriday,August2,at8pm,inSandersTheatre,MemorialHall.(練習(xí)時間為從6月25日星期二開始每周周二和周四，晚上7點到9點30分，在桑德斯劇院。最后一場演出定于8月2日周五晚上8點在紀(jì)念館桑德斯劇院舉行)”可知，這三個音樂俱樂部的共同點在于他們所有的活動都安排在夏天。故選C。BWarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleased(發(fā)行)intheatersthisyear,willeoutonAT&TInc.’sHBOMaxthesamedayitappearsincinemas,anunusualapproachthatshowshowmuchthecoronaviruspandemic(疫情)hasaffectedHollywood.ThefilmwillappearintheU.S.theatersandHBOMaxonDec.25,ninedaysafteritstartsappearingatcinemasininternationalmarkets,WarnerBros.,saidinastatementWednesday.HBOMaxsubscriberswillhaveamonthtoseethemovieatnoadditionalcost.Thefilm’sdirector,PattyJenkins,confirmedthemoveearlierinatweet,sayingthatfansshouldseethemovieintheatersifit’ssafetodoso—otherwise,theycanenjoyitathome.ReleasingawouldbehitlikeWonderWoman1984tohomeandtheateraudiencesmeanwhilewouldhavebeenunthinkableearlierthisyear,andfordecadesbeforethat.However,thepandemichasmadeitimpossibleforstudiostogeneratethekindofreturnsattheboxofficetheyneedtorecovertheirinvestmentsinbigfilms.CinemasintwoofthebiggestmoviegoingmarketsintheUSLosAngelesAgainstthisbackground,severalmajormoviesfromotherstudioswereshownonlinethisyear,includingWaltDisneyCo.’sMulan.Thestudioshavebeentypicallychargingabout$20toseethosefilmsathome.WonderWoman1984won’thaveanextrafee,butitwillrequirefanstosignupforHBOMax,whichcosts$15amonth.Underanyothersetofcircumstances,amovelikethiswouldbedecriedbytheaterowners,whohavelongenjoyedtherighttoexclusivelyshownewhitfilmsfortwoorthreemonths.However,they’vebeenstruckbytheeffectsofthecoronavirus.Mostcinemashavebeenclosedforportionsof2020andthosethathavereopeneddon’thavemanynewmoviestoshow.Mostbigfilmshavebeendelayeduntil2021.4.WhatmakesthemovieWonderWoman1984differentfromothermoviesreleasedthisyear?A.Theapproachofreleasing. B.Thetimeitwillbeonshow.C.Highexpectationfromaudience. D.Thetheaterswhereitwillbereleased.5.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thetoughchallengesstudioshavetoface.B.WaysC.Theinfluencethepandemichashadonfilmindustry.D.ThepossiblesuccessofthemovieWonderWoman1984.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decried”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Appreciated. B.Accused. C.Valued. D.mented.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom?A.Anewsreport. B.Afilmreview.C.Amovieadvertisement. D.Ahitfiction.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了華納兄弟的《神奇女俠1984》是今年唯一一部仍計劃在影院上映的大片，這種不同尋常的方式顯示出冠狀病毒疫情對好萊塢的影響。這場疫情使得制片廠無法獲得收回對大型電影投資所需的票房回報?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“WarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleasedintheatersthisyear…”可知，華納兄弟的《神奇女俠1984》是今年唯一一部計劃在電影院上映的大片，由此可知，其他電影不是在電影院上映，該電影與其他電影在上映方式有所不同。故選A項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，轉(zhuǎn)折句“However,thepandemichasmadeitimpossibleforstudiostogeneratethekindofreturnsattheboxofficetheyneedtorecovertheirinvestmentsinbigfilms.(然而，這場疫情使得制片廠無法獲得收回對大型電影投資所需的票房回報。)”為本段是主題句，由此可知，本段主要介紹了在疫情對于美國電影行業(yè)的大環(huán)境的影響。故選C項。【6題詳解】詞義猜測題。結(jié)合上下文語境可知，“Underanyothersetofcircumstances,amovelikethiswouldbedecriedbytheaterowners,whohavelongenjoyedtherighttoexclusivelyshownewhitfilmsfortwoorthreemonths.”句中“Underanyothersetofcircumstances”應(yīng)是指疫情影響下的“不景氣的”電影行業(yè)的狀況，“l(fā)ikethis”應(yīng)是指《神奇女俠1984》這部要在電影院發(fā)行的電影，后文“However,they’vebeenstruckbytheeffectsofthecoronavirus.Mostcinemashavebeenclosedforportionsof2020andthosethathavereopeneddon’thavemanynewmoviestoshow.Mostbigfilmshavebeendelayeduntil2021.”提到了電影院受到了冠狀病毒的影響。大多數(shù)電影院在2020年的部分時間里都關(guān)閉了，那些重新開放的電影院也沒有多少新電影上映。大多數(shù)大片都被推遲到2021年。因此在受到疫情影響情況下，在電影院發(fā)行這部電影，不會使電影院得到收益，對于以此方式方式發(fā)行的電影，電影院（老板）并不喜歡，會“批判”或“譴責(zé)”。由此推斷，“decried”應(yīng)是“譴責(zé)”含義。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段“WarnerBros.’sWonderWoman1984,theonlybigmoviestillscheduledtobereleasedintheatersthisyear,willeoutonAT&TInc.’sHBOMaxthesamedayitappearsincinemas,anunusualapproachthatshowshowmuchthecoronaviruspandemichasaffectedHollywood.(華納兄弟的《神奇女俠1984》是今年唯一一部仍計劃在影院上映的大片，它將在影院上映的同一天在美國電報公司的HBOMax上映，這種不同尋常的方式顯示出冠狀病毒大流行對好萊塢的影響有多大。)”揭示了文章的話題，文章其他段落圍繞該話題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的解釋和討論，由此判斷，首段為新聞報道中的“導(dǎo)語”部分，因此該文章應(yīng)是新聞報道。故選A項。CDuringthe"goldenweek"nationalholidaythatbeganonOctober1st,hundredsofthousandsofsightseersflockedtoLijiang,apicturesquehistorictowninthesouthwesternprovinceofYunnan.AmongitsattractionsarethesymbolsprintedbeneaththeChinesecharactersonroadsignsandshopfronts（Starbucksincluded）.TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscriptDongbawasneverwidelyusedbytheNaxi,ofwhomthereareabout300,000livingintheHimalayanfoothillsnearLijiang,aswellasinTibetandSichuanprovince.Thepictographs,whichevolvedasearlyastheseventhcentury,weredevelopedbyshamans（巫師）oftheDongbafaith,whichhasrootsinTibet.Over20,000ofthesereligiousrecordssurvive.TheyproviderichinsightintohowNaxipeoplethoughtaboutwar,geography,astronomyandagriculture.Buttheyareextremelyhardtoread.Linguistsarehelpedbythearea'sDongbapriests（神職人員）.Thereareabout600,mostofthemveryold,includingYangGuoxing,whoranaschoolfrom2010to2015toteachDongbatochildrenlivinginthemountains.WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.SignsatbusstationsinruralYunnanencouragelocalstousewrittenandspokenChinese.ButtheNaxigetofflightlyparedwithotherethnicminorities.PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.AndthiswillalsohelptourismtodevelopinLijiang.8.WhatdoweknowabouttheDongbascript?A.Itiswidelyusedbylocalpeople.B.Itwasatoolusedbycertainpeople.C.Itwasquitepopularatcertainperiods.D.Ithasahistoryofmorethan3000years.9.AccordingtoYangGuoxing,whatmakesitdifficulttospreadtheDongbascript?A.Onlypriestscanreadit.B.It'sextremelyhardtoread.C.Itsvaluehasn'tbeenfullyrecognized.D.Peoplearetoobusytolearnanewlanguage.10.WhathasbeendonetokeeptheDongbascriptalive?A.Newschoolsareopenedtoteachit.B.Sometouristsareinvitedtopreserveit.C.OnlytheDongbascriptcanbeusedinschools.D.Peoplearemoreexposedtothislanguagethanbefore.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheDongbaScriptIsDying B.TheHistoryoftheDongbaScriptC.TheDongbaScriptSurvivesinLijiang D.TheInfluenceoftheDongbaScript【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述麗江東巴文字在當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊膸椭碌靡源婊钕聛淼墓适隆！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheNaxi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（它們是東巴象形文字，一種起源于當(dāng)?shù)孛褡寮{西族的古老文字形式。直到大約十年前，它幾乎消失了，當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T開始意識到它的價值，用它覆蓋了整個城鎮(zhèn)。）”可知，東巴文字是納西族人們用來交流的工具，屬于這一部分人特有的交流方式。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.（在楊先生的成長過程中，“每個人都忙著務(wù)農(nóng)”，沒有時間學(xué)習(xí)。他說，現(xiàn)在他們都在忙著吸收流行文化。）“可知，楊國興（音譯）認(rèn)為讓巴東文字很難傳播開來的主要原因是巴東文字的價值沒有得到人們的充分認(rèn)可。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.（麗江的小學(xué)每周教兩次東巴文字，還教納西族童謠。東巴文化研究所所長李德景表示，這不僅僅是為了讓這些象形文字存活下來，而是讓孩子們掌握“自己文化的精髓”。）”可知，現(xiàn)在麗江當(dāng)?shù)厝四芨嗟亟佑|到東巴文字，這讓東巴文字得以存活下來。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（直到大約十年前，它幾乎消失了，當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T開始意識到它的價值，用它覆蓋了整個城鎮(zhèn)。）”和最后一段“LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture（東巴文化研究所所長李德景表示，這不僅僅是為了讓這些象形文字存活下來，而是讓孩子們掌握“自己文化的精髓”）”可知，本文主要講述麗江東巴文字在當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊膸椭碌靡源婊钕聛淼墓适隆９蔬xC。DBig,oldtreesaredyingfasterthaninthepast,leavingyounger,lessbiodiverseforeststhatstorelesscarbonworldwide.Theygiveuspaperandfuel,aswellasvitalecologicalservices—likecleaningtheair,storingcarbonandprovidinghabitat.We’retalkingabouttrees,ofcourse.Buthumanchangestotheenvironmentappeartobecausingprofoundchangestotreesaroundtheworld.Inanewstudy,scientistsreviewedglobalresearchontrendsintreeseedlingsgrowthanddeath.Theybinedthosedatawithananalysisofdeforestation.Andtheyfoundthatworldwide,oldertreesaredyingatahigherratethaninthepastduetofactorslikerisingairtemperature,wildfires,droughtandpathogens(病原菌).“Andmostofthedriversofthatdecreaseinlarge,oldtreesareincreasingthemselves,suchastemperatureisgoingup,droughtsaremoresevere,wildfires,windstormsanddeforestationareallontheincrease—althoughvariableacrosstheglobe—they’regenerallyincreasing.Andsoforboththelosshasalreadyoccurred,butweexpectmorecontinuedlossofbig,oldtrees.”saidNateMcDowell,anearthscientistatPacificNorthwestNationalLab,whowasoneofthestudy’sauthors.“Soifwehaveanincreasingrateofdeath,particularlyofthelarger,oldertrees,what’sleftaretheyoungertrees.Sothat’swhy,onaverage,throughthelossofbigger,oldertrees,ourforestsarebeinginherently(天生地)youngerandshorter.”Thistrendisaproblem,becauseoldtreesarevitallyimportant.“Forsure,theincreaseindeathdoeslimitthecarbonstorageofanecosystemandcanforcethesystemtobeeacarbonsourcetotheatmosphere.Thesecondreasonwecareisfromabiodiversityperspective:oldtreestendtohouseahigherbiodiversitythanyoungforestsdo.Andthethirdreasonisaesthetic:asasociety,wecareaboutthesetrees.Wehavenationalparksnamedafterthesebigtrees.Sothere’sapersonalreasonforpeopletocareaboutthisaswell.”12.Whathasthenewstudyfoundabouttheforests?A.Forestsaregettingyoungerandshorter.B.Manyfactorscausethedeathofbigoldtrees.C.Oldtreesarebeneficialtohumansinmanyways.D.Thedeathofbigoldtreesinfluencesbiodiversity.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thedrivers”inParagraph3referto?A.Thedeathratesofbigoldtrees.B.Thetrendsinthedeathofbigoldtrees.C.Thehumanchangestotheenvironment.D.Thefactorscausinghighdeathrateofoldtrees.14.Howisthesignificanceofbigoldtreesillustrated?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bylistingfacts. D.Byprovidingfigures.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectoldtrees.B.Toillustrateaphenomenonaboutoldtrees.C.Tosharethefindingsofanewstudyabouttrees.D.Toanalyzethereasonswhysometreesaredyingfaster.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了人類對環(huán)境的改變似乎正在給世界各地的樹木帶來深刻的變化：古樹在減少，森林越來越年輕。從而論述了古樹減少的原因以及號召人們保護(hù)古樹?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Andtheyfoundthatworldwide,oldertreesaredyingatahigherratethaninthepastduetofactorslikerisingairtemperature,wildfires,droughtandpathogens.”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在世界范圍內(nèi)，由于氣溫上升、野火、干旱和病原體等因素，古樹死亡速度比過去要快。根據(jù)第四段“throughthelossofbigger,oldertrees,ourforestsarebeinginherentlyyoungerandshorter”由于更大、更老的樹木的消失，我們的森林正變得越來越年輕、越來越矮。故選A項?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。分析可知，劃線單詞所在句“Andmostofthedriversofthatdecreaseinlarge,oldtreesareincreasingthemselves,suchastemperatureisgoingup,droughtsaremoresevere,wildfires,windstormsanddeforestationareallontheincrease—althoughvariableacrosstheglobe—they’regenerallyincreasing.”而且，導(dǎo)致大型古樹數(shù)量減少的thedrivers也在增加，比如氣溫上升、干旱更加嚴(yán)重、野火、風(fēng)暴和森林砍伐都在增加——盡管全球變化不一——但它們總體上都在增加。由此可知，氣溫上升、干旱更加嚴(yán)重、野火、風(fēng)暴和森林砍伐都是古樹死亡率高的原因。故劃線詞的意思是“古樹死亡率高的原因”。故選D項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Forsure,theincreaseindeathdoeslimitthecarbonstorageofanecosystemandcanforcethesystemtobeeacarbonsourcetotheatmosphere.Thesecondreasonwecareisfromabiodiversityperspective:oldtreestendtohouseahigherbiodiversitythanyoungforestsdo.Andthethirdreasonisaesthetic:asasociety,wecareaboutthesetrees.Wehavenationalparksnamedafterthesebigtrees.Sothere’sapersonalreasonforpeopletocareaboutthisaswell.(當(dāng)然，死亡人數(shù)的增加確實限制了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳儲量，并可能迫使該系統(tǒng)成為大氣中的碳源。我們關(guān)心的第二個原因是從生物多樣性的角度來看：古樹往往比年輕的森林擁有更高的生物多樣性。第三個原因是審美：作為一個社會，我們關(guān)心這些樹木。我們有以這些大樹命名的國家公園。所以人們關(guān)心這個問題也是有個人原因的。)”可知，該段使用了“Thesecondreason;thethirdreason;apersonalreason”的分析理由的方式說明了古樹的重要性。故選B項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀文章可知，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，首段內(nèi)容揭示了文章的主旨要義：“Big,oldtreesaredyingfasterthaninthepast,leavingyounger,lessbiodiverseforeststhatstorelesscarbonworldwide.Theygiveuspaperandfuel,aswellasvitalecologicalservices—likecleaningtheair,storingcarbonandprovidinghabitat.We’retalkingabouttrees,ofcourse.Buthumanchangestotheenvironmentappeartobecausingprofoundchangestotreesaroundtheworld.(與過去相比，古老的大樹正在以更快的速度死去，留下了更年輕、更少生物多樣性的森林，從而在全球范圍內(nèi)儲存更少的碳。它們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┘垙埡腿剂?，以及清潔空氣、儲存碳和提供棲息地等重要的生態(tài)服務(wù)。當(dāng)然，我們說的是樹。但是人類對環(huán)境的改變似乎正在給世界各地的樹木帶來深刻的變化。)”，且文章末尾部分內(nèi)容“Thistrendisaproblem,becauseoldtreesarevitallyimportant.(這種趨勢是個問題，因為古樹至關(guān)重要。)”強(qiáng)調(diào)了古樹的重要性，因此可知，文章主要通過一個科學(xué)研究講述了對于人類有著重要作用的古樹卻由于人類的行為在減少，由此可推知，文章的主要目的是號召人們保護(hù)古樹。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyouinvesttoomuchvalueintowordsaddedbystrangers?Nomatterwhatyoudoorsay,orhowyouact,peoplewillalwaysgivetheiropinionsaboutyou.___16___Otherwise,you'llallowothers'opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.Herearewaystostopcaringaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofyou.Keepinmindnoteveryonecares.Everyoneistroubledbyanxiety,andtheymightbetoobusytoimmediatelyrecognizeyours.___17___They'realwaystoobusythinkingabouttheirfamilies,work,andwhateverelsetoformadetailedopinionaboutyou.Thinkaboutwhoyouwanttobe.Byallowingothers'opinionstoinfluenceanddominateyourlife,you'rehandingthemyourpower.Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?Areyoumakingthesechoicesonlytoimpressothers?____18____Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.___19___Butmostofthetime,that'stheirmindsetonly,whichhasnothingtodowithyou.Therewillbepeoplewhowillacceptallofyouandpeoplewhowillbesupportiveandkind.Thesearethepeoplewhodeservetowalkwithyou.____20____Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.Whenyouovereyourfearofmakingmistakesandbuildresiliencetothepainthatmayefromfailure,youwillbeunstoppable.Onewaytodealwithanxietiesaboutmessingupistomakealistofallthepossiblethingsthatcouldgowrong.A.Takeonthechallenges.B.Don'tletthemgettoyou.C.Theonlyopinionthatmatterstoyouisyours.D.Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.E.Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.F.Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.G.Evenyourdecisions,fromthisangle,willhelpyoubeeselfconfident.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.F20.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講如何正確看待別人對自己的評價?！?6題詳解】下文“Otherwise,you'llallowothers'opinionstonotonlyhurtyou,butoftendefineyou.”可知，否則他人的意見不僅能傷害你，還經(jīng)常定義你。根據(jù)otherwise可知，前文說的是不要讓他人影響你。B.Don'tletthemgettoyou.不要讓他們影響到你。符合句意與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段中心句“Keepinmindnoteveryonecares”可知，本段主要大意是不是所有人都在乎。上文“Everyoneistroubledbyanxiety,andtheymightbetoobusytoimmediatelyrecognizeyours.”每個人都被焦慮所困擾，他們可能因為太忙而沒有馬上意識到你的焦慮。E.Peopleallaroundyouhaveenoughtooccupytheirminds.你身邊的人有足夠多的事情占據(jù)他們的思想。此句承接上文，troubledbyanxiety呼應(yīng)occupytheirminds。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucanrelatetothis,askyourself,whatdoyouwant?”可知，問一問自己你想要什么。D.Thekeyistobeselectiveaboutwhatyoucareabout.關(guān)鍵是對你所關(guān)心的事情要有選擇性，選擇你真正在乎的，與他人無關(guān)，符合本段主題，whatdoyouwant呼應(yīng)whatyoucareabout。故選D?！?9題詳解】上文“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.Inlife,somepeoplewilllikeyouandothersmightnot.”接受生活中不是所有人都喜歡你。F.Itisreallyhardtofacesomeonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou.面對這些對你有消極印象的人真的很難。選項中的“someonewhohasnegativeviewsofyou”呼應(yīng)前文的“Acceptnoteveryonewilllikeyou.”，承接上文，符合語境，故選F。【20題詳解】下文“Youmayworryaboutendinguplookinglikeafoolbecauseofamistake,butmistakesareunavoidable.”，不要擔(dān)心犯錯后像個傻子，錯誤是不可避免的。可知，多做有挑戰(zhàn)的事可以得到成長。A.Takeonthechallenges.接受挑戰(zhàn)，符合本段大意，故選A。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MenningertookthehardwaytoclimbEverest—theworld’stallestpeak___21___hikeitup,hedecidedtoclimbasanonnativeEverestporter(挑夫),whichmeant___22___packsweighingupto220poundsalongrough,highaltitudetrails(小路).Menningercameupwithsucha(n)___23___afterspendingaseasonasaguideinNepal,andbeing___24___withlifeoftheseporters.“Mygoalwastohavethesameexperience”,heexplains.Thephysicalandemotional___25___ofthejobislaid___26___asMenningerisfilmedstrugglingwithapackconsistingofmultiplebagstiedtogether,___27___tryingtosleepatnightincrowdedfreezingporterhouses.Atypicalday___28___wakingupataround7:30amandgoingtotheclient’shotelto___29___theirbagsandbeginningtotrek(長途跋涉).Portershaveto____30____fortheirownacmodationduringtreks.Someevenregularlygowithout____31____tokeepcostsdown.Astheyaren’t____32____untilthelastday,theyhavenoideawhetherthetrekhasbeeneconomicallyworthwhileuntilthey’ve____33____it.Lifeisnever____34____forthem.LastyearwasoneofEverest’sdeadliestclimbingseasons,largely____35____difficultweatherconditions,andlackofexperience.____36____theproblemsisalackofmunicationbetweentheportersandtheirmostlywealthyclients.Withhisfilmshotduringthistoughtrek,Menningerwishesmorewere____37____ofhowmuchportersrelyontheirlowsalaries,andhowmuchtheycontributetotheoverallEverestexperience.“____38____,myfilmcouldencouragethoseportersby____39____whatthey’reableto____40____andhowhardtheywork.”21.A.Otherthan B.Simply C.Ratherthan D.Directly22.A.carrying B.preparing C.mailing D.wrapping23.A.approach B.conclusion C.suggestion D.idea24.A.pleased B.bored C.fascinated D.disappointed25.A.payment B.price C.enjoyment D.courage26.A.uncovered B.messy C.untouched D.understandable27.A.but B.or C.while D.and28.A.takes B.involves C.indicates D.requires29.A.search B.collect C.deliver D.repair30.A.fight B.ask C.work D.pay31.A.meals B.permission C.money D.limit32.A.dismissed B.praised C.tipped D.satisfied33.A.climbed B.experienced C.reached D.pleted34.A.easy B.challenging C.encouraging D.tough35.A.focusingon B.owingto C.dependingon D.leadingto36.A.Respondingto B.Bringingabout C.Gettingridof D.Addingto37.A.aware B.informed C.warned D.sure38.A.Joyfully B.Unfortunately C.Generally D.Hopefully39.A.examining B.claiming C.showing D.announcing40.A.understand B.bear C.plain D.imagine【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.A35.B36.D37.A38.D39.C40.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要通過講述主人公Menninger的“挑夫”經(jīng)歷展示了珠穆朗瑪峰上挑夫的艱辛生活，Menninger將自己的這個經(jīng)歷拍攝成影片，希望能夠讓更多人的了解他們的生活和工作，同時希望能夠給他們帶來鼓勵。【21題詳解】考查介詞短語和副詞詞義辨析。句意：Menninger采取了艱苦的方式攀登世界最高峰珠穆朗瑪峰，他決定以非本地的珠穆朗瑪峰挑夫的身份攀登，而不是徒步攀登，這意味著帶著重達(dá)220磅的背包沿著崎嶇的高海拔路線攀登。A.Otherthan除了；B.Simply簡單地；C.Ratherthan而不是；D.Directly直接地。根據(jù)后文“hedecidedtoclimbasanonnativeEverest