2021年北京市高考英語試卷（原卷版）

2021年北京市高考真題英語試卷北京卷·英語本試卷共11頁，共100分．考試時(shí)長90分鐘．考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回．第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．Recently，Itookatriphomebytrain．Igotaseatoppositeamiddleagedmanwithsharpeyes，whokept____1____ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap．Thewoman'seyefellontheman'sface，andsheimmediatelylookeddownand____2____herscarf．Asthenightworeon，peoplebegantoclosetheireyes，buttheseatsweresounfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany____3____．Thewomanlookedoverattheman．Hewasstillstaringather．Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes．Iwasbeginningtoget____4____，too．Thetrainmovedon．Thelittleboywas____5____awakeonhismother'slap，butthewomandroppedofftosleep．Amomentlater，hebeganto____6____thehalfopenwindow—onelegwentoverit．Themanjumpedupand____7____thechildjustbeforehefellout．The____8____wokeupthewoman．Sheseemedtobein____9____，andthenrealitydawned（顯現(xiàn)）．“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow，”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.．“SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime．”Thewomanwas_____10_____，andsowasI．1.A.guiding B.bothering C.watching D.monitoring2.A.adjusted B.changed C.packed D.waved3.A.air B.joy C.space D.rest4.A.nervous B.embarrassed C.angry D.disappointed5.A.almost B.still C.hardly D.even6A.drag B.climb C.knock D.push7.A.grabbed B.rocked C.touched D.picked8.A.alarm B.quarrel C.risk D.noise9.A.sorrow B.relief C.panic D.pain10.A.astonished B.confused C.concerned D.inspired第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tpletelysure,andtheyhavediverse____11____(idea)．Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything____12____happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit____13____(connect)things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Samisaninreallifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday．Whileridinghisbikehome____14____acoldnight，hecameacrossasadlookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout____15____shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould____16____（safe）waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。There____17____(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,____18____(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,____19____(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed____20____(invest)indisasterprevention.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation，science，orculture，thenaninternship（實(shí)習(xí)）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou．Whocanapply？Youhavepletedyourfulltimeuniversitystudies；or．Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree．Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution．Whataretherequirements？Youmustbeatleast20yearsold．Youshouldhaveagoodmand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench．Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofofficerelatedsoftware．Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment．Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandmunicationskills．Whatdoyouneedtoprepare？Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas．Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship．Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofaprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship．UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod．Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork．Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform．YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths．Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate．Ifselected，youwillbecontactedbyamanager．Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths，itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful．21.Accordingtothispassage，applicantsarerequiredto________．A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod？A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage．B.Traininginmunicationskills．C.Amedicalcertificateforwork．D.Financialsupportfortravel．23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform？A.ContactUNESCOmanagers． B.Getaccesstothedatabase．C.Keepamotivationletterathand． D.Workinateamforsixmonths．BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（學(xué)期）projectofvolunteeringatanonprofitorganization．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwaspleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerepleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas．C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．DItwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqichildren． B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C.Ateacher'sintroduction． D.Arepresentative'sments．26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________．.A.beeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．D.Hewhohesitatesislost．CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanonhumanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstilluncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(簽署者)ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits”theDecemberwarninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersoftheingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent(執(zhí)著)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific. B.Credible.C.Original. D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worried B.puzzledC.surprised D.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.DEarlyfifthcenturyphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstateoftheartatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（節(jié)奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（調(diào)節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshorttermirregularitiesandlongtermtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（時(shí)間框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．InpreClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebeesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose．31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumption B.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperiment D.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑．選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)．Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoffthewallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostpletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolving