浙江省嘉興市2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三一模教學(xué)測(cè)試英語試題

2023年高三教學(xué)測(cè)試(2023.12)英語試題卷考生須知：1.全卷分選擇題、非選擇題和答題紙三部分，試題卷12頁，答題紙2頁，滿分為150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘。2.本卷全部答案必須做在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上，做在試題卷上無效。3.請(qǐng)用黑墨水簽字筆將考生個(gè)人相關(guān)信息填寫在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上。選擇題部分(共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakers?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Officials.2.Howdoesthewomansoundintheend?A.Pleased.B.Surprised.C.Grateful.3.WhathappenedtoLarrylastnight?A.Hefellintowater.B.Hecouldn’tfindhishotel.C.Hewascaughtintherain.4.Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A.Amovie.B.Aconcert.C.Anopera.5.Whendoesthesecondshowstart?A.At7:00.B.At9:00.C.At9:10.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSaturdayafternoon?A.Visitafestival.B.Takeaparttimejob.C.Meetherfriends.7.Wherearethespeakersprobablynow?A.Inafactory.B.Innpany.C.Inasupermarket.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whyisthemembershipcardremended?A.Thecardisfreeofcharge.B.Memberscanenjoyndiscount.C.Promotionupdateswillbeoffered.9.Howmuchisleftonthewoman’sgiltcard?A.￡7.30.B.￡27.18.C.￡34.48.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatjobdoesthewomanapplyfor?A.Cookingmeals.B.Doinghousework.C.Lookingafterkids.11.Howmanyhourswillthewomanworkaweek?A.10hours.B.25hours.C.40hours.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?A.Themanissatisfiedwithher.B.Shehasseveralchildrentoraise.C.Shewillgetotherbenefitsbesidespay.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whenisthewomansupposedtohandinheressay?A.BythisSaturday.B.BynextMonday.C.BynextFriday.14.Whyisthewomanbehindwithherwritingclass?A.Shewasillforaweek.B.Thecourseistoodifficult.C.Sheispreparingforaperformance.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhiscollegelife?A.Busy.B.Colorful.C.Boring.16.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoonthe28th?A.Seeanexhibition.B.Watchaplay.C.Attendaparty.聽第10尺材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatkindofplaceisOlderfield.A.Adesertedtrainstation.B.Atouristarea.C.Anofffield.18.Whatcantouristsseerightbesidethetrack?A.Desertplant.B.Tires.C.Animals.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthebridge?A.Itisdangerous.B.Itisneveradeepriver.C.Itismadeofwood.20.Wherecantouristsgetdrinks?A.Fromastore.B.Fromthespeaker.C.Fromamachine.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文。從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGoingawayforyourminibreak?Bringtheselongweekendessentialstomakethemostoftheleave.ECCOOffroadAthleticSandals,￡59.38Whetheryou’reoffonacitybreakorexploringbeaches,chancesareyou’regettingyourstepsinthisholiday,whichwillbehardgoingonyourfeet.TheseECCOsandalsarespeciallydesignedandmostfortablewhenhiking,withanEVAfootbedandECCOFLUIDFORMdesignofferingextracushioning(減震)andflexibility.Kindle(2022release),￡84.99Everytravellingbookworm’sbestfriendisnowsmallerandlighter,atjustsixinchesscreenwidth.With16GBstorage,youcandownloadthousandsofbookstokeepyoubusyonanylongholidayjourneys,andthebatterylifenowlastsuptosixweeksononesinglecharge,butmayvarydependingonuse.PowerAddPortable(便攜式的)ChargerPowerBank,￡15.99Portablechargershavegainedpopularityrecentlybutthisoneisgenuinelypocketsizedwithoutanylossofthechargingpower.Thepowerbankitselfcanbefullychargedwithinaspeedytwohours,anddeliversroughlytwochargesforaniPhone15.At10.5cmlength,and99gweight,youcaneasilyslipthisintoyourbagwithoutfeelingweigheddown.LixadaSlingChestBang,￡29.99Giveyourselfsomeextrapenceofmindwiththisantitheftcrossbodybag,whichhelpsyoukeepyourvaluablessecureandwithineasyreach.Thechestbaghasanextremeslimdesignatlessthanhalfaninchthick,whichmakesitlightweightandeasytofitunderyourclothes.1.WhatisanadvantageofECCOOffroadAthleticSandals?A.Reasonableprice. B.Lightweight.C.Greatfort. D.Maximumsecurity.2.Whichproductbestsuitspeoplewithlowbatteryanxiety?A.ECCOOffroadAttleticSandals. B.Kindle(2022release).C.PowerAddPortableChargerPowerBank. D.LixadaSlingChestBag.3.Whowillbemoreinterestedinthetext?A.Holidaymakers. B.Baglovers. C.Natureexplorers. D.Electronicsenthusiasts.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)周末度假必備用品。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ECCOOffroadAthleticSandals,￡59.38”部分的句子“Whetheryou’reoffonacitybreakorexploringbeaches,chancesareyou’regettingyourstepsinthisholiday,whichwillbehardgoingonyourfeet.TheseECCOsandalsarespeciallydesignedandmostfortablewhenhiking,withanEVAfootbedandECCOFLUIDFORMdesignofferingextracushioning(減震)andflexibility.（無論你是去城市度假還是去海灘探險(xiǎn)，你都有可能在這個(gè)假期里邁開腳步，這對(duì)你的腳來說是很困難的。這些ECCO涼鞋是特別設(shè)計(jì)的，徒步旅行時(shí)最舒適，EVA鞋墊和ECCOFLUIDFORM設(shè)計(jì)提供額外的緩沖和靈活性。）”可知，ECCOOffroadAthleticSandals的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它的舒適性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PowerAddPortable(便攜式的)ChargerPowerBank,￡15.99”部分的介紹“Portablechargershavegainedpopularityrecently,butthisoneisgenuinelypocketsizedwithoutanylossofthechargingpower.Thepowerbankitselfcanbefullychargedwithinaspeedytwohours,anddeliversroughlytwochargesforaniPhone15.At10.5cmlength,and99gweight,youcaneasilyslipthisintoyourbagwithoutfeelingweigheddown.（便攜式充電器最近很流行，但這款是真正的口袋大小，不會(huì)損失任何充電功率。充電寶本身可以在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)充滿電，為iPhone15充電大約兩次。它長(zhǎng)10.5厘米，重99克，你可以輕松地把它塞進(jìn)包里，而不會(huì)感到沉重。）”可知，PowerAddPortableChargerPowerBank適合那些對(duì)低電量焦慮的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是第一句話“Goingawayforyourminibreak?Bringtheselongweekendessentialstomakethemostoftheleave.（出去度個(gè)小假？帶上這些長(zhǎng)周末必備用品，充分利用假期。）”可知，外出度假的人會(huì)對(duì)這篇文章感興趣。故選A項(xiàng)。BRachelMaclean’stoyshoponAyrhighstreetappearslikeanyotherinatowncentreatfirstsight.Stepinsideandyouwillnoticethatfamiliarpromotionalentreaties(懇求)arebackwards:Don’tBuyMe,NothingMustGo.Everythingisupsidedownandnothingisforsale.MatildaColeman,six,pickeduponeofthetoys—ablondehaired,blueeyedDisneyprincess(公主),andturnedherupsidedown.Underneaththeskirtwasapalefacedwitchy(女巫的)version.Thegirllikedit,andthenwasconfusedthatthetoywasn’tavailabletobuy.Maclean’sworkplayfullybreaksthegraspthatconsumerculturehasonmodernminds.“Whatartcandobestistomakeyoulookatthingsthatyou’reveryusedtoinadifferentway,”saidMaclean(b.1987),aGlasgowbasedmultimediaartistwhohasrapidlyestablishedherselfasoneofthemostdistinctivevoicesintheUK.“Sadlythedeclineofourcitycentresissomethingthatismonthesedays,soIwanttobringpeopleintoaspacewheretheycanreflectonitinafunway.”“Whentheshopfirstopened,everyonewasinterestedinfindingoutwhatitwas,”saidParker,alocalteenager.“Ithaslotsofdifferentthemesaboutidentity,consumerism,capitalism,buttheyaresilentmessagesandeveryonehasdifferentthoughtsaboutit.”Macleanhastakenoverthisformerbutcher’sshopinAyraspartofJupiterPlus,anewartsandeducationinitiative,whichaimstoreluyenateemptyhighstreetshopsintownsandcitiesinScotlandwithfreeartexbibitionsandworkshopsforyoungpeople.People’simmediatejoyatseeingsomethinghappeninginhereisabiviousanditdrivesconversationsabouthowtheyrememberthehighstreetandhowthespacecouldbeusedagain.4.WhyisMatildaColemanmentionedinparagraph2?A.Toillustrateconsumerculture. B.Toshowthegirl’spassionfortoys.C.ToerasedoubtsaboutMaclean’swork. D.TohighlightthefeaturesofMaclean’sshop.5.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byusingquotes.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Bysharingexperiences.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rejuvenate”inparagraph5mean?A.Expand. B.Refresh. C.Replace. D.Surround.7.WhatcanweinferaboutMaclean?A.Shehasacreativemind. B.Sherespectsothers’opinions.C.Shemakesprofitsinadifferentway. D.Shedrawspublicattentiontoeducation.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了RachelMaclean通過一家商店來打破人們對(duì)日常事物的看法，它引發(fā)了關(guān)于人們?nèi)绾斡涀「呓忠约叭绾卧俅问褂每臻g的討論?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Stepinsideandyouwillnoticethatfamiliarpromotionalentreaties(懇求)arebackwards:Don’tBuyMe,NothingMustGo.Everythingisupsidedownandnothingisforsale.(走進(jìn)去，你會(huì)注意到熟悉的促銷懇求是反向的：不要買我，沒什么必買的。所有的東西都顛倒了，沒有東西出售)”以及第二段“MatildaColeman,six,pickeduponeofthetoys—ablondehaired,blueeyedDisneyprincess(公主),andturnedherupsidedown.Underneaththeskirtwasapalefacedwitchy(女巫的)version.Thegirllikedit,andthenwasconfusedthatthetoywasn’tavailabletobuy.Maclean’sworkplayfullybreaksthegraspthatconsumerculturehasonmodernminds.(6歲的瑪?shù)贍栠_(dá)·科爾曼拿起其中一個(gè)玩具——一個(gè)金發(fā)碧眼的迪士尼公主，把她顛倒過來。裙子下面是一個(gè)臉色蒼白的女巫版本。這個(gè)女孩喜歡它，然后又感到困惑，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)玩具買不到。麥克林的作品開玩笑地打破了消費(fèi)文化對(duì)現(xiàn)代人思想的掌控)”可推知，第二段提到了瑪?shù)贍栠_(dá)·科爾曼是為了突出麥克林商店的特點(diǎn)。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Whatartcandobestistomakeyoulookatthingsthatyou’reveryusedtoinadifferentway,”saidMaclean(b.1987),aGlasgowbasedmultimediaartistwhohasrapidlyestablishedherselfasoneofthemostdistinctivevoicesintheUK.“Sadlythedeclineofourcitycentresissomethingthatismonthesedays,soIwanttobringpeopleintoaspacewheretheycanreflectonitinafunway.”(“藝術(shù)最擅長(zhǎng)的是讓你以一種不同的方式看待你非常習(xí)慣的事物，”麥克林（b.1987）說，她是格拉斯哥的多媒體藝術(shù)家，迅速成為英國最獨(dú)特的聲音之一?！翱杀氖?，我們城市中心的衰落現(xiàn)在很普遍，所以我想把人們帶到一個(gè)空間，讓他們以一種有趣的方式反思它?！?”以及第四段““Whentheshopfirstopened,everyonewasinterestedinfindingoutwhatitwas,”saidParker,alocalteenager.“Ithaslotsofdifferentthemesaboutidentity,consumerism,capitalism,buttheyaresilentmessagesandeveryonehasdifferentthoughtsaboutit.”(“當(dāng)這家店剛開業(yè)時(shí)，每個(gè)人都想知道它是什么，”當(dāng)?shù)氐囊幻嗌倌昱量苏f?！八泻芏嚓P(guān)于身份、消費(fèi)主義和資本主義的不同主題，但它們都是無聲的信息，每個(gè)人對(duì)此都有不同的想法。”)”可推知，作者通過引用他人的話來展開第三段和第四段。故選B。【6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Macleanhastakenoverthisformerbutcher’sshopinAyraspartofJupiterPlus,anewartsandeducationinitiative(Maclean接管了這家位于Ayr的前肉店，作為JupiterPlus的一部分，JupiterPlus是一項(xiàng)新的藝術(shù)和教育倡議)”以及后文“emptyhighstreetshopsintownsandcitiesinScotlandwithfreeartexbibitionsandworkshopsforyoungpeople”可知，Maclean想要通過這家店作為JupiterPlus的一部分，而JupiterPlus是一項(xiàng)新的藝術(shù)和教育倡議，旨在通過為年輕人提供免費(fèi)藝術(shù)展覽和講習(xí)班來恢復(fù)蘇格蘭城鎮(zhèn)和城市中空置的高街商店的活力。故劃線詞意思是“恢復(fù)活力”。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“RachelMaclean’stoyshoponAyrhighstreetappearslikeanyotherinatowncentreatfirstsight.Stepinsideandyouwillnoticethatfamiliarpromotionalentreaties(懇求)arebackwards:Don’tBuyMe,NothingMustGo.Everythingisupsidedownandnothingisforsale.(RachelMaclean的玩具店位于艾爾高街上，乍一看和市中心的其他玩具店沒什么兩樣。走進(jìn)去，你會(huì)注意到熟悉的促銷懇求是反向的：不要買我，沒什么必買的。所有的東西都顛倒了，沒有東西出售)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了RachelMaclean通過一家商店來打破人們對(duì)日常事物的看法，它引發(fā)了關(guān)于人們?nèi)绾斡涀「呓忠约叭绾卧俅问褂每臻g的討論?？赏浦琈aclean有創(chuàng)造性的頭腦。故選A。CItwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron(?？?marcheduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupoflibrarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn’titbetheotherwayaround?Wellit’splicated.Ifyou’relikeme,amiddleagedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesofsilentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivemunitycenters.Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn’tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobequietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhandsonexperienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbeginofferinginteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprogramscertainlyaren’tdesignedtobesilent.Alongwithmoreprogramsforeveryoungerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformationoflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanuseputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.Inaddition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,andeventakecollegeclasses.Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassedoffstudyroomsorquietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren’sprogramsandbeforetheafterschoolkidcrowdarrive.It’scleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusingour“l(fā)ibraryvoices”aswetalked.Still,it’sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplacesofsilence.There’sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.8.Howdidtheauthorrespondtothepatron’sbehavior?A.Sheapprovedofit. B.Shewasdisappointedatit.C.Shehesitatedaboutit. D.Shewasastonishedatit.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries. B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries. D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday’slibraries?A.Theyheavilydependontechnology. B.Theyofferonlineprogramsforadults.C.Theystillprovidesilentreadingplaces. D.Theycaremuchabouttimearrangement.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LibrariesShouldbeLoud B.ReadingCanbeFuninLibrariesC.LibrariesMakeLearningHappen D.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章就現(xiàn)在圖書館提出自己觀點(diǎn)——圖書館應(yīng)是一個(gè)熱鬧的地方?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron(?？?marcheduptous,gaveusanannoyed‘Shush!’andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupoflibrarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn’titbetheotherwayaround?(那是圖書館里一個(gè)安靜的早晨，我們圖書管理員正在享受著一段相當(dāng)大聲的聊天。突然，一位?？妥叩轿覀兠媲埃鷼獾貙?duì)我們說了一聲‘噓！’，然后回到她的座位上。一群圖書管理員被一位?？蛧u了，這真奇怪！不是應(yīng)該反過來嗎？)”可知，作者對(duì)?？偷男袨楦杏X很吃驚。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第三段“Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn’tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobequietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhandsonexperienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbeginofferinginteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprogramscertainlyaren’tdesignedtobesilent.(在過去，大多數(shù)圖書館都不太關(guān)注為孩子們提供的項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)楹⒆觽兊哪挲g使他們無法按需保持安靜。但是，人們?cè)絹碓搅私鈨和颓嗌倌晖ㄟ^親身體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，這導(dǎo)致圖書館與年輕讀者的聯(lián)系發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化?，F(xiàn)在，圖書館開始為孩子們提供互動(dòng)節(jié)目，包括手工藝品、棋盤游戲和故事時(shí)間。這些類型的程序當(dāng)然不是為了靜音而設(shè)計(jì)的。)”可知，本段主要講圖書館改變的原因。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段“Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassedoffstudyroomsorquietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren’sprogramsandbeforetheafterschoolkidcrowdarrive.(如今，許多圖書館都用玻璃隔開了自習(xí)室或安靜的區(qū)域。他們?cè)谙挛缭缧r(shí)候、上午的兒童節(jié)目之后和放學(xué)后的孩子們到來之前也不那么吵了。)”可知，今天的圖書館仍然提供安靜的閱讀場(chǎng)所。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“It’scleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusingour‘libraryvoices’aswetalked.Still,it’sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplacesofsilence.There’sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.(現(xiàn)在我很清楚，在我和同事們被一位?？蛧u的那天，我們應(yīng)該在交談時(shí)使用我們的‘圖書館聲音’。盡管如此，圖書館不太可能再回到沉寂的時(shí)代。有太多的樂趣和學(xué)習(xí)正在發(fā)生。)”以及上文可知，本文主要講圖書館不應(yīng)該一如既往是一個(gè)安靜的地方，而應(yīng)該變得熱鬧起來。故選A項(xiàng)。DHaveyoueverforgottenitemswhentryingtorecallashoppinglist?Ordialedthewrongphonenumberwhenattemptingtomemoriseone?Thebrainmechanisms(機(jī)制)thatcauseustodrawablankinsuchsituationshavenowbeenidentifiedOurworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.Butitwillhave“swaperrors”.Forexample,ifweareshownaredsquareandnbluecircle,andarethenaskedwhatcolourthecirclewas,wemightsayred,Tounderstandwhywemakesucherrors,JeffJohnstonatColumbiaUniversityandhiscolleaguesrecordedthebrainactivityoftwomonkeysbecauseamonkey’sworkingmemoryisverysimilartohumans.Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.Whendoingthisforabout3hoursovermultiplesessions,themonkeysperformedthetaskcorrectlybetween60and82percentofthetime,butoccasionallymadeswaperrors.Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.“Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorsefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theteamisplanningfurtherexperimentstogainabetterunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingswaperrors.12.Whatisthefunctionofworkingmemory?A.Toidentifytheerrorsinunderstanding. B.Toreducetheoccurrenceofmindblanking.C.Todevelopthewayofdistinguishingcolours. D.Tostoreinformationatthereadyformentaluse.13.Whatwerethemonkeystaskedwithintheresearch?A.Correctingtheirerrorsovermultiplesessions. B.Playingamatchinggameonarotatablewheel.C.Reportingthecolourofthesquaretomemorize. D.Figuringouttheexactpositionoftheblackspot.14.Whatdoestheresearchsuggestaboutswaperrors?A.Theyareunusualbrainresponses. B.Theyshowatendencyforforgetfulness.C.Theyhaveaneffectonworkingmemory. D.Theyaretheouteofmemoryselection.15.WhatisEarlMiller’sattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?A.Unclear. B.Appreciative. C.Objective. D.Dismissive.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是工作記憶以及針對(duì)工作記憶為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的相關(guān)研究過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ourworkingmemorykeepssmallpiecesofinformationthatarereadilyaccessibleforplanning,understandingandsolvingproblems.(我們的工作記憶保存著小塊的信息，這些信息很容易用于計(jì)劃、理解和解決問題)”可知，工作記憶的功能是把信息儲(chǔ)存起來以備腦力使用。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Themonkeyswereshowntwodifferentlycolouredsquares,oneabovetheother,forhalfasecond.Afterashortdelay,ablackspotappearedinthesamelocationasoneofthesquares,andthendisappeared.Theanimalsweretrainedtotellthecolourofthesquaretheyweresupposedtoberememberingbasedonthespot’slocation,bystaringatthematchingcolouronarotatable(可旋轉(zhuǎn)的)wheel.(給猴子看兩個(gè)不同顏色的方塊，一個(gè)在另一個(gè)上面，持續(xù)半秒鐘。在短暫的延遲后，一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在與其中一個(gè)方塊相同的位置，然后消失。動(dòng)物們經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練，通過盯著一個(gè)可旋轉(zhuǎn)的輪子上的對(duì)應(yīng)顏色，說出它們應(yīng)該根據(jù)點(diǎn)的位置所記住的正方形的顏色。)”可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，猴子的任務(wù)是報(bào)告要記憶的正方形顏色。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchsuggeststhatthebrainresponseslinkedtoswaperrorsemergedbeforetheanimalsdecidedwhichcolourtoreport.Theyappearedtoariseduring“selection”whencertainitemsstoredinworkingmemoryareenhancedattheexpenseofothers,ratherthanoccurringasaresultofthemforgettingorafailuretocorrectlyencode(編碼)itemsintheirworkingmemory.(研究表明，與交換錯(cuò)誤相關(guān)的大腦反應(yīng)在動(dòng)物決定報(bào)告哪種顏色之前就出現(xiàn)了。它們似乎是在“選擇”過程中出現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)儲(chǔ)存在工作記憶中的某些項(xiàng)目以犧牲其他項(xiàng)目為代價(jià)而得到加強(qiáng)時(shí)，而不是由于他們忘記或未能正確編碼工作記憶中的項(xiàng)目而出現(xiàn)的。)”可知，關(guān)于交換錯(cuò)誤，研究表明是記憶選擇的結(jié)果。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Everyoneassumedthereweresimplerexplanationslikefailuretoencodeorforgetting,butthisverycoolstudyshowsthatworkingmemoryerrorsefromapreviouslyunknownsource,”saysEarlMillerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.(麻省理工學(xué)院的厄爾·米勒說：“每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為有更簡(jiǎn)單的解釋，比如編碼失敗或遺忘，但這項(xiàng)非?？岬难芯勘砻?，工作記憶錯(cuò)誤來自一個(gè)以前未知的來源?！?”可推知，厄爾·米勒對(duì)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的態(tài)度是積極欣賞的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ensuringthatyourhomeisasenergyefficientasitcanpossiblybeisessential.Takethestepslistedbelow,andyou’llbelivinginanenergyefficienthomeinnotime.___16___Tostopitinitstracks,youmustinvestinhavingyourhouseinsulated(隔熱的).Takingsuchactionmaydemandsomecostinadvance,butitwillbesuretosaveyouover￡100ayearwhenitestoyourenergybills.Theoldboilers(鍋爐)arenotasenergyefficientastheverylatestmodelsinthisfield.___17___Byinvestinginatopofthelineboiler,you’llnodoubttapintoanumberofsavings.What’smore,makingthiskindofinvestmentwillalsobesuretoloweryourhome’scarbonemissions.Onlywhenyouknowhowmuchenergyyouusecanyoutakeactiontobelesswastefulandmoreresourcefulinthisinstance.___18___Toassistyouintakingonthisextremelyimportantchallenge,youmightwanttoconsiderfittinganenergymonitorinyourhome.___19___Butifyou’relucky,yourelectricityproviderwillgiveyouoneforfree.Thismonitorwillprovideyouandyourfamilywithconstantupdatesontheamountofenergyyouareusingonadaytodaybasis.Withjusttwelveyears(nowsevenyears)togountilclimatechangealtersearthforever,nowisthetimeforyoutoplayyourpartinprotectingtheplanetthatyoulivein.___20___A.Theinvestmentdemandedinthisinstanceissignificant.B.Takingsuchactionwillhelpyouadapttoclimatechange.C.Generally,thistypeofdevicewillcostbetween￡25and￡40.D.Itmeansyoushouldtrytokeeptrackofenergyconsumption.E.Byputtingtheaboveadviceintopractice,you’llbegreensoon.F.Mostofyourhome’swastedenergywillescapethroughyourroof.G.Itmightbehightimetoupdateyoursifyouhaven’tdonesoforyears.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.C20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講怎樣讓家變得更加節(jié)能?！?6題詳解】由下文“Tostopitinitstracks,youmustinvestinhavingyourhouseinsulated(隔熱的).(為了在它的路徑上阻止它，你必須投資讓房子隔熱)”可知，這里指需要阻止房?jī)?nèi)熱量外流。F項(xiàng)Mostofyourhome’swastedenergywillescapethroughyourroof.(你家里浪費(fèi)的大部分能源都會(huì)從屋頂逃逸出去)符合語境，下文it指代選項(xiàng)中的wastedenergy。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】由上文“Theoldboilers(鍋爐)arenotasenergyefficientastheverylatestmodelsinthisfield.(在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，舊鍋爐的能效不如最新型號(hào))”可知，舊鍋爐更耗能，G項(xiàng)Itmightbehightimetoupdateyoursifyouhaven’tdonesoforyears.(如果你已經(jīng)多年沒有更新自己的鍋爐，現(xiàn)在可能是時(shí)候了)符合語境，其中foryears與上文old對(duì)應(yīng)，yours代指前文Theoldboilers，所以本句有承上作用。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】由上文“Onlywhenyouknowhowmuchenergyyouusecanyoutakeactiontobelesswastefulandmoreresourcefulinthisinstance.(只有當(dāng)你知道自己消耗了多少能量時(shí)，你才能采取行動(dòng)，減少浪費(fèi)，在這種情況下更加隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的。)”可知，這里講要了解自己用了多少能量。D項(xiàng)Itmeansyoushouldtrytokeeptrackofenergyconsumption.(這意味著你應(yīng)該努力跟蹤能源消耗情況)符合語境，其中keeptrackofenergyconsumption與上文knowhowmuchenergyyouuse對(duì)應(yīng)。有承上作用。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】由下文“Butifyou’relucky,yourelectricityproviderwillgiveyouoneforfree.Thismonitorwillprovideyouandyourfamilywithconstantupdatesontheamountofenergyyouareusingonadaytodaybasis.(但如果你幸運(yùn)的話，你的電力供應(yīng)商會(huì)免費(fèi)給你一臺(tái)。這款監(jiān)控器將為你和你的家人提供日常能源消耗量的持續(xù)更新)”推知，空處指出監(jiān)控的價(jià)格不是特別便宜，但如果運(yùn)氣好的話，電力供應(yīng)商會(huì)免費(fèi)提供。C項(xiàng)Generally,thistypeofdevicewillcostbetween￡25and￡40.(一般來說，這種設(shè)備的價(jià)格在25到40英鎊之間)符合語境，其中￡25and￡40與下文forfree對(duì)應(yīng)，都在講花費(fèi)在這設(shè)備上錢的問題，所以本句有啟下作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由上文“Withjusttwelveyears(nowsevenyears)togountilclimatechangealtersearthforever,nowisthetimeforyoutoplayyourpartinprotectingtheplanetthatyoulivein.(離氣候變化永遠(yuǎn)改變地球只有12年(現(xiàn)在是7年)了，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候讓你為保護(hù)你所居住的星球發(fā)揮你的作用了)”可知，作者號(hào)召讀者保護(hù)地球，E項(xiàng)Byputtingtheaboveadviceintopractice,you’llbegreensoon.(把以上建議付諸實(shí)踐，你很快就會(huì)變得更環(huán)保)符合語境，其中theaboveadvice指上面的建議，對(duì)上文有總結(jié)作用。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasthenewteacheratschool,andClarissa,afifthgrader,wasmessy.Clarissasawnoneedfor___21___.“It’smyspace!”wasmostoftenher___22___whenrequestedbyclassmates.Sothedayswentbyandthe___23___begantoworsen.“Clarissa,getyourpurseoutofthedoorway.I’mtiredoftrippingoverit!”they’dsay.I___24___shewasbeginningtokeepherselfawayfromherclassmates.Ihadtofinda___25___.OneafternoonwhenIsatatmydesklookingaroundtheroom,anideasprangintomyhead.Standingnearmydeskwasanoldand___26___filingcabinet(柜).WhatifClarissahadsomespacethatwas___27___herown?Ibegantowork.Imovedherdeskandallherthingsnearthecabinet.Iselectedsomeclean___28___andcutoutaplacecard.OnitIwrote,“Clarissa’sSpace”and___29___itontopofthecabinet.Thenextmorningshecameintheroom____30____,alreadyarguingwithaclassmate.She____31____hernewspacealmostimmediately.Quietlysheasked,“Isthismine?”“It’sforyourthingsifyoufeellikeyouneedit,”Isaid____32____,busyingmyselfwithpapersonmydesk.Clarissaspenttherestoftheyearkeepingherthingstogetherinherspace.____33____wasathandinourclassroom.Abeatenupoldcabinetgaveagifttothischild,thegiftof____34____adifferentpathforsomeonetowalkwhomightbe____35____insomeway.21.A.order B.discipline C.cooperation D.help22.A.trouble B.chance C.response D.suggestion23.A.management B.discussion C.learning D.situation24.A.admitted B.remembered C.predicted D.realized25.A.reason B.solution C.position D.target26.A.simple B.empty C.clean D.open27.A.uniquely B.naturally C.randomly D.possibly28.A.wood B.cloth C.paper D.glass29.A.spread B.hid C.threw D.set30.A.intime B.asusual C.atonce D.onpurpose31.A.checked B.cleared C.spotted D.ruined32.A.casually B.angrily C.cautiously D.secretly33.A.Silence B.Peace C.Freedom D.Fortune34.A.choosing B.following C.creating D.showing35.A.struggling B.waiting C.developing D.ing【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.D25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作為一名新老師的作者遇到了一個(gè)邋遢的學(xué)生Clarissa，她總是亂放東西，眼中沒有秩序，和同學(xué)的關(guān)系很緊張。在意識(shí)到情況在惡化后，作者想出了一個(gè)解決辦法，用一個(gè)文件柜打造出屬于Clarissa的空間，讓她放自己的東西，最終Clarissa改掉了亂放東西的習(xí)慣，班級(jí)恢復(fù)了平靜?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Clarissa覺得不需要秩序。A.order秩序；B.discipline紀(jì)律；C.cooperation合作；D.help幫助。根據(jù)上文“Clarissa,afifthgrader,wasmessy”可知，Clarissa很邋遢，會(huì)把東西亂放，因此是覺得不需要秩序。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這是我的空間！”當(dāng)同學(xué)們請(qǐng)求她時(shí)，她最常這樣回答。A.trouble麻煩；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.response回復(fù)；D.suggestion建議。根據(jù)上文“It’smyspace!”可推知，面對(duì)同學(xué)們的請(qǐng)求，Clarissa經(jīng)常用這句話作為回復(fù)。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：日子一天天過去，情況開始惡化。A.management管理；B.discussion討論；C.learning學(xué)習(xí)；D.situation情況。根據(jù)上文““It’smyspace!”wasmostoftenher___2___whenrequestedbyclassmates.”可知，