大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)歷年閱讀真題

2010年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe

questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiven

inthepassage.

CaughtintheWeb

Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperday

online.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesand

instant-messagingprograms一leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,

alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfour

daughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.

“Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart一kindofslippingintoa

depression,“saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,“

detaching(使脫離)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas“addicted“totheInternet.She'snotalone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedical

journalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterest

inthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchor

whetheraddictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreserious

attention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelook

atexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternet

addictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshave

poppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtoomuchtimeontheWeb.

"There'snoquestionthatthereYepeoplewhoYeseriouslyintroublebecausetheyYe

overdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,saidpsychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)IvanGoldberg.

Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical.

“TheInternetisanenvironment,hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment.nBishop

describestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeople

toprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyof

morethan2500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversity

researchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat“theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseof

excessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal“nonessentialInternetuse"，andnearly

4%reportedfeeling“preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline.

About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reported

they“foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime”.

“TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.

Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid,"They'reonlineinchatrooms,

checkingemail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling

websites.

ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut“in

termsoflosses,nsaidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]

you*renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoo

much.”

Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheUStotreatheavyInternet

users.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternet

Behavio匚

ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsof

computeraddiction:

?Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

?Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

?Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

?Feelingempty,depressedorimtablewhennotatthecomputer.

?Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

?Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

?Problemswithschoolorjob.

Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene

（衛(wèi)生）andsleepdisturbances.

PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermood

disorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthat

beingonlineoffersausenseofbelonging,anescape,excitementLand]fun"，shesaid.uSome

peoplesayrelief...becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed.

SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspend

countlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,

calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa“gamingaddiction”.

AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldof

Warcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to

60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyaftera

full-scalefamilyintervention（干預(yù)），inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.

uThere'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,said

Heidrich,nowafatheroftwo.uPeopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantin

theirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly“toremind

myselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck.”

ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshe

firstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwith

thesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddictionv.

"I’mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butPmfailingtoaccomplishmy

work,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,shewroteinamessagesentto

thegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage

（抵押貸款）andfacelosingeverything.

Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."I

haveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedaling,“shesaidbyphonelastweek.uIt's

alotbetternow.”

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?

A)Herdaughters*repeatedcomplaints.

B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.

C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

D)Peoplehaven*tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedif

people.

A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessive

if.

A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmay

feel.

A)discouragedB)pressured

C)depressedD)puzzled

6.WhydidAndrewHeidrichcutbackononlinegaming?

A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.

B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.

C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto.

A)improvehisonlinegamingskills

B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaining

C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming

D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe.

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek.

10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youneverseethem,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyou'regoing,

howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Their

abilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.

They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytotheComorosIslandsin

theIndianOceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.So

whenaFrenchsubmarine(潛水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,the

discoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengers

werekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwould

trackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodelforablackbox,which

becamearequirementonallUScommercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedto

withstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtothe

rearoftheplane——thearealeastsubjecttoimpact——fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells

(起落架艙).Thatsameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwere

neveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,

andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctions

thathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔絕的)

caseandsurroundedbyquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstand

massiveforceandtemperaturesupto2000°F.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignals

fromdepthsof20000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashed

nearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelyto

turnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblack

boxeswereneverrecovered.

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.

D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.

B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.

60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?

A)Todistinguishthemfromthecoloroftheplane.

B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.

C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.

D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.

61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtoberestructured.

C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.

D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughts

like“Ineverdoanythingright“intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed.Butwaspositive

thinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsays

tryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimply

highlighthowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElaine

PerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhen

peoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.If

youtellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.

Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonasked

participantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelater

praisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.The

participantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15

seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,

“Iamlovable.

Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,their

moodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turged

tothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治療)thaturgepeopleto

accepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonly

oftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(才爭(zhēng)思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeople

toputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegative

thinking.

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood.

B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.

C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"...you'rejustunderlininghisfaults”(Line4,Para.3)?

A)Ybuarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.

B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.

C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.

D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.

65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?

A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.

B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone*smood.

C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.

D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.

66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.

B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.

C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.

D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.

2009年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthe

questionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiven

inthepassage.

Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid*

Goodgradesandhightestscoresstillmatter—alot-tomanycollegesastheyaward

financialaid.

Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-bound

populationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas

“meritaid"，isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwould

cutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberof

recipients(接受者)，pour-ingthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.Allegheny

CollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.

Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,NY,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.

Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbe

awardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.

Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitisto

doso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmany

familieswhodon'tmeetneedeligibility（資格）havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustfora

big-nameschool.

Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportant

revenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethe

scholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.

Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatoolto

recruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles."They'retryingtobuystudents,M

saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.

Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordto

enrollwithoutit.

“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,“says

MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmerit

scholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport'srankingofthe

bestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.

Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacost

ofabout$1millionayear,"serveduswell,“Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepricefor

familiesthatdon'tneedfinancialaiddoesn'tfeelrightanymore.”

Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,

federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowing

faster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.

Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith

47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltop

studentsinthestate'spublicinstitutions.

Butinrecentyears,agrowingc/zorus（異口同聲）ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolsto

dropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe"asignthatpeoplearestarting

torealizethatthere'sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,“saysBaum,co-authorofarecent

CollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.

DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschools

wouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheir

competitors.

“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,“saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekan

exemption（谿免）fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycould

jointlyreducemeritaid."Thisisamerry-go-roundthal'sgoingveryfast,andnoneofthe

institutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.

Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,

whodon*tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitions

continuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.

That'sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn'tplantodropmeritaidentirely.

“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstruly

valuethescholarship,wsaysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny'svicepresidentforenrollment.

EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowmentG同贈(zèng)），meanwhile,is

takingano-therapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsand

capthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmerit

program.

“Yeah,we'replayingthemeritgame,“acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanfor

undergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoints,too,hesays."Thefactofthematteris,it's

notjustaboutthelowesl-incomepeople.It'stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho's

beingpricedoutofthemarket.”

*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:

Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andis

generallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.

Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents'grades,GPAandoverallacademic

performanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollege

rightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswith

exceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,and

theycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,

studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalification

process.

Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,

fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,since

exceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicants

needtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.

Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerally

includesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingfor

artisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,

whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoof

themdancing.

1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcolleges

are.

A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedad

B)revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies

C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaid

D)changingtheiradmissionprocesses

2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?

A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.

B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.

C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.

D)Itcutitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.

3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto.

A)improveCachingqudityB)boolheiroirollments

C)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues

4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes.

A)itdoesn'tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking

B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements

C)it'sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents

D)it*snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition

5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto.

A)moregovernmentfundingtocolleges

B)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions

C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudents

D)schools1improvedfinancialsituations

6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?

A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.

B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.

C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.

7.Whydoesn'tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?

A)Risingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.

B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.

C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.

D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipients

remain.

9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorareferee

whotheirexceptionalathleticperformance.

10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshow

theirinaparticularartisticfield.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesand

howthey'HchangeAmerica.Rightlyso.Butselfishly,FmmorefascinatedbyMichelleObama

andwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-American

woman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld'sattention.Andthatmeansthatfor

thefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeof

African-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.

Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyune