Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures-（學案）-高一英語學與練（人教）

Book3Unit3DiverseCulturesPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預習導學省略前提:主謂賓,定狀表,如有重復可刪掉。省略原則:詞語省略后,不致令人費解。002課堂探究在英語語言中，為了使語言簡潔明了，重點突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變，這種語言現(xiàn)象叫省略。比較常用的省略句有以下幾種：一．簡單句中的省略1.省略主語祈使句中的主語通常被省略;其他省略主語的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法①ein,please.②Seeyoutomorrow.③Thankyouforyourhelp.④Begyourpardon.①(You)ein,please.②(I)Seeyoutomorrow.③(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.④(I)Begyourpardon.2.省略謂語部分①Soundsagoodidea.②Haveasmoke?③Somethingtodrink?④Thisway,please.①(It)Soundsagoodidea.②(Willyou)Haveasmoke?③(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?④(Youe)Thisway,please.3.省略賓語當上、下或前后兩個句子的賓語一致時,下句或后句常省略賓語。1).可以省略賓語的全部①DoyouknowMissHu?Idon'tknow(her).②Tomenjoysdancing,butPeterhates(dancing).2).可以省略作賓語的動詞不定式,只保留to,但如果該賓語是由動詞be構(gòu)成的不定式或不定式的完成形式,則須在to后加上be或have。①Don'ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyoutotouch.②Areyouateacher?No,butIwanttobeateacher.③Hehasn'tfinishedthetask.Well,heoughttohavefinishedit.4.省略表語答語或下文中與上文結(jié)構(gòu)相似的表語可省略。①Areyouthirsty?Yes,Iam(thirsty).②Hisbrotherisn'tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).感嘆句的省略在what和how引起的感嘆句中,常省略主語和be動詞。Whatabeautifulcity(itis)!(這是)多么美麗的城市呀！

二、并列句中的省略兩個并列分句中,后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。1.若主語或賓語相同,省略共同的主語或賓語。①Mikesaidthathewouldetoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't(etoschooltoseemethenextday).②Lin'sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).2.若主語與謂語動詞相同,則省略后面的主謂成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.3.若主語不同,而謂語部分的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞相同,則省略后面的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavedoingherhomework.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarydoingherhomework.4.若主語不同,但主要動詞及后續(xù)部分相同,則省略后面的主要動詞及后續(xù)部分。Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1987.主從復合句中的省略1）省略主句常見于句首或回答問題時,只用從句。Whydidn’tyouetoclassyesterday?(Ididn’tetoclassyesterday)BecauseIwasill.2）狀語從句的省略1．在時間，條件，方式，比較，讓步狀語從句中，當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be部分。While

(Iwas)

walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.當我正沿街而行時,

我聽到有人叫我的名字。Though

(they

were)

tired,theywentonworking.雖然累了,

但他們繼續(xù)工作。Youshouldn’tetohispartyunless

(youare)

invited.除非你被邀請,

否則你不應該來參加他的晚會。If

(itis)

possible,I’llgoouting.

如果可能的話,我將去郊游.Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan

(itwas)expected.

這個展覽比預料的還有趣。Theworkersjustcarriedouttheorderas

(theywere)

told.工人們只是按要求的做了。Heopenedhismouthasif

(hewere)

tospeak.他張了張口，好像要說話。2．也可用ifany/ifso/ifnot代替上文中的整個句子。Getupearlytomorrow,

ifnot,youwillmissthefirstbus.

（ifnot=ifyoudon’tgetup

early)明天早起，如果不的話，你將會錯過第一趟公交車。Hemaynotbeathomethen,

ifso,leavehimanote.

（ifso=ifheisnotathome)那時他可能不在家，如果這樣給他留個字條吧。3）其它省略.狀語從句出現(xiàn)在句末時，一般都可以作句尾省略①JohnwillgoifMarywill(go).②Youcanaskmequestionsif(thereare)any(questions).(2).以as,than引導的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).注意：在虛擬語氣中,

常省掉if,

從句使用倒裝句式。WereI

you(=IfIwereyou),Ishouldgivethatguyagoodlesson.如果我是你的話,

我會好好地教訓那個家伙一頓。3）.

賓語從句的省略1）so和not用在一些表示看法、意見的動詞之后，替代賓語從句，so表肯定，not表否定。常見的動詞有：beafraid,believe,

expect,hope,imagine,guess,think,suppose等。（注：代替否定的賓語從句時，用not或not…so都可以，但be

afraid,hope和guess只能用not，而不能用not…so的形式。）—Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?你相信我們隊將會贏嗎？—Ibelieve

so.

(=thatourteamwillwin)我相信會贏。—Doyouthinkitwillrain?你認為會下雨嗎？—Ihope

not(=that

itwillnotrain).我希望不會?！猈illyoubeabletofinishthejobthis

week?這周你能完成這份工作嗎？—Ithinknot./

Idon’tthinkso.

我認為不能?！狢anyouworkouttheproblem?

你能解出這個問嗎？—I’mafraidnot.

恐怕不能。2）that的省略賓語從句中常省略that,但多個賓語從句并列時,通常只省略第一個that。Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.3）其它省略由which,when,where,how和why引導的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引導詞。PleasepassmeoneofthesebooksandIdon'tcarewhich(youpassme).定語從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which,that,who,whom可以省略(whom,which緊跟在介詞后時不能省略),而在非限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。Theman(whom)yousawyesterdayfellill.Theman,whomyousawyesterday,fellill.當先行詞是way,后跟定語從句時,關(guān)系詞可以用that、inwhich或省略。Iliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks?四．不定式的省略（一）省略動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的情況1.在todosth中，只保留不定式符號to.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthe

didn’twant

to(seethefilm).我請他去看電影，但他不想去。You’dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyou

to(finishthejobontime).如果他命令你,

你最好按時完成工作?！猈illyoujoininthegame？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？—I’dbeglad

to(join

inthegame).我很高興?！猈illyougo

withme?你愿意和我一起去嗎?

—Well,I’dlike

to

(gowithyou).

嗯,

我愿意(和你一起去)。2.

在tobesth中，保留tobe.—Areyouasailor?

你是海員嗎？—No,butIused

to

be

(asailor).

不，但我過去是。Thecitynowismuchnoisierthanitused

to

be.

這個城市比過去喧鬧多了.

3在tohavedone中，保留tohave。

—Haveyou

beentotheWestLake?

你去過西湖嗎?—Ihope

tohave

(beentotheWestLake).

我希望去過(西湖)。—Hehasn’tfinishedyet.他還沒完成?！猈ell,heought

to

have

(finished).

噯，他本應該完成的。Itseemsthathehasknownthe

truth.

看來他已經(jīng)知道了事實.

Yes,heseems

tohave.

是的,看來他好像知道了.（二）省略動詞不定式符號to的情況1.動詞不定式作感官動詞feel,see,notice,watch,find,hear,listento,observe和使役動詞have,make,let等的賓語補足語時,

動詞不定式符號to省略。如果這些動詞用于被動語態(tài),

其后的動詞不定式符號to不能省略Weoftenhearhim

sing

thesongathome.→Heisoften

heard

tosing

thesongathome.我們經(jīng)常聽到他在家唱這首歌。

2.兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式由連詞and,or,than,but連接時,

從第二個不定式起,

往往省略不定式符號to。但如果強調(diào)對比之意時不能省略。She’dliketotakeoffhercoatand

have

abreak.她想脫下外套休息一會兒。It’smoredifficulttodothan

tosay.

做比說難(強調(diào)語意前后對比)。

3.在why或whynot引起的表示建議或責問的省略問句中。

Why

get

so

excited?

為什么變得那么激動?Why

notgo

outforawalk?為什么不出去散散步呢？注意：but,

except作介詞,

后接動詞不定式。如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式,

那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,

反之則要帶to。Shecould

do

nothingbut

cry.

她除了哭什么也做不了。He

hasnochoice

but

toleave.

他別無選擇只有離開。

其它省略情況介詞的省略(1)一些常和動詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略,而保留其后的動名詞。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsthbebusy(in)doingsthspendtime/money(in)doingsthstop/preventsb(from)doingsth(2)表示時間的介詞at,on和in在next,last,this,these,yesterday,tomorrow,every,each等詞之前,一般都要省略；用在一段時間狀語之前的for也可省略。(否定句中不能省略for)。Wehaveamidtermexam(in)everyterm.Wehavebeenhere(for)threeweeks.(3)表示行為方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等詞組中,經(jīng)常被省略。Hedidit(in)thiswayratherthan(in)anotherway.一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略(1)signs/labelsNoparking.Noparking(isallowedhere).(2)newspaperheadlinesTurandotonstage.(Theopera)Turandot(isbeingperformed)onstage.(3)instructionsDonotbend!Donotbend(thisenvelope).(4)postcards/diariesBestwishes.(Igiveyoumy)bestwishes.(5)notesOperaOK,costumesgreat.(The)opera(was)OK,(andthe)costumes(were)great.003隨堂小練While________(speak),makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstarefixedlyattheinterviewer.【答案】speaking句意為：說話時，要不斷進行目光接觸，但不要目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地盯著面試官?！罢f話時”可譯為：Whileyouarespeaking；在狀語從句中，從句的主語和主句的主語所指一致，且謂語有be動詞時，可省略從句的主語和be動詞；本句的主句為祈使句，實際是省略了主語you，與從句主語是一致的。故填speaking。Whenthetwolovers,LiangShanboandZhuYingtai,firstmeet,themusicislightandpleasant,asif__________(whisper)totheaudience.【答案】whispering句意為：梁山伯和祝英臺這對戀人初次見面時，音樂輕快悅耳，仿佛在向觀眾耳語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查asif引導的方式狀語從句的省略，完整的從句為asifthemusiciswhisperingtotheaudience，從句是“主語＋系動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，且從句主語與主句主語一致時，可省略從句的主語和系動詞，保留現(xiàn)在分詞。故填whispering。Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen__________(pare)tomusicandpainting.【答案】pared句意為：電影制作的歷史要短得多，尤其是與音樂和繪畫等藝術(shù)形式相比。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為when引導的時間狀語從句的省略。從句主語同主句主語（Film）一致，和動詞pare之間是被動關(guān)系，即從句謂語為ispared，根據(jù)狀語從句可省略主語和be動詞的原則，省略后為pared。故填pared。__________possible,Iwanttostaywithyouforever.【答案】If句意為：如果可能的話，我想永遠和你在一起。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為省略結(jié)構(gòu)ifpossible，意為“如果可能的話”，為狀語從句ifitispossible的省略形式。故填I(lǐng)f。Theglobalwarming,ifnotproperly__________(control),mightleadtomorenaturaldisasters.【答案】controlled句意為：全球變暖，如果控制不當，可能會導致更多的自然災害。if引導的狀語從句中，當從句主語和主句主語一致且從句含有be的某種形式時，可省略從句的主語和be，且主語與control構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。故填controlled。Heclearedhisthroatasif__________(say)something.【答案】tosay句意為：他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。asif引導的狀語從句可用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。當從句主語和主句主語一致且從句含有be的某種形式時，可省略從句的主語和be，此處省略了hewas。故填tosay。TheexhibitionaboutTheBeltandRoadismoreinterestingthan__________(expect).【答案】expected句意為：關(guān)于“一帶一路”的展覽比預想的更有趣。than后完整的句子應是itisexpected，表示“展覽比預想的那樣更有趣”，當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句謂語含有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞，由于展覽是被預想，因此應用過去分詞。故填expected。__________tired,wefeltexcitedtobeabletohelpothers.【答案】Though／Although／While句意為：盡管我們很累，但是能夠幫助別人，我們感到很興奮。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以這里應用“雖然，盡管”對應的連詞though／although／while，從句中省略了主語we和be動詞were。故填Though／Although／While。Once___________(attach)totherail,thecarwillbeeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralputer.【答案】attached句意為：一旦連接到軌道上，汽車將由系統(tǒng)提供電力，并由中央計算機控制。此處是Once引導的狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，從句的主語為thecar，與主句主語相同，thecar與attach之間為被動關(guān)系，從句謂語應為isattached，完整從句為Oncethecarisattachedtotherail。當狀語從句和主句是同一主句且從句含義be動詞時，從句可以省略主語和be動詞。顧填attached。10.Misunderstandingsresultingfromlackofsocialmunication,unless__________(handle)properly,mayleadtoseriousresults.【答案】句意為：由于缺乏社會溝通而產(chǎn)生的誤解，除非處理得當，否則可能會導致嚴重的后果。unless引導的狀語從句中，省略了misunderstandings和be動詞，“誤解”和“處理”之間是被動關(guān)系。故填handled.004培優(yōu)提升閱讀理解ACultureshockoccurswhenpeoplehavebeensuddenlythrownintoanewculture.Newersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydon’tspeakthelanguage.Neitherdotheyknowthecustomsnorunderstandthepeople’sbehaviorindailylife.Quiteoftenthevisitorsfindthat“yes”maynotalwaysmean“yes”,thatfriendlinessdoesnotnecessarilymeanfriendship,orthatstatementsthatappeartobeseriousarereallyintendedasjokes.Theforeignersmaybeunsureastowhentoshakehands,whentostartconversations,orhowtoapproachastranger.Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofpuzzlementandconfusion.Languageproblemsdonotleadtoallthesetbacksthatpeoplefeel.Whenonehaslosteverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregister(注冊，登記)foruniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorshefeelslikeafishoutofwater.Newersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtothecultureandfeeldesertedbythenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorefuseeverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandsingtheirownpraisesofthepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.13．Whatmighthappenwhennewersenteranewculture?A．Theyhavedifficultyinsayingyesorno.B．Theyfinditannoyingtounderstandthefriendship.C．Theyrefusetoshakehandswithstrangers.D．Theyarepuzzledbylocalcustomsandhabits.14．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“setbacks”inparagraph3?A．discouragementsB．a(chǎn)chievements C．a(chǎn)rguments D．a(chǎn)mazement15．Howdothenewersreactinthefaceofthecultureshockaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Theywillmisstheirmotherlanddeeplyenoughtoreturntotheirhomeland.B．Theyarewillingtoacceptanewcultureunconditionallyandpletely.C．Theytrytheirbesttofitintolocallifeandliveapositiveandupwardlife.D．Theyonlycontactfellowcountrymenwiththesameexperience.16．Whatwillthenextparagraphtalkabout?A．Whattodotoignorethedifferences. B．Howtolivefortablyabroad.C．Howtodealwiththecultureshock. D．Whattodotoavoidhomesickness.【答案】13．D14．A15．B16．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。當人們突然被投入到一種新的文化中時，就會發(fā)生文化沖擊。本文對文化沖擊現(xiàn)象進行了簡要介紹，文化沖擊包括語言障礙、習俗差異、適應困難，以及新來者可能會采取的極端的處理方式。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Newersmaybeanxiousbecausetheydon’tspeakthelanguage.Neitherdotheyknowthecustomsnorunderstandthepeople’sbehaviorindailylife.(新來的人可能會焦慮，因為他們不會說這種語言。他們既不知道習俗，也不了解人們在日常生活中的行為。)”和第二段“Theideaofcultureshockhelpsexplainfeelingsofpuzzlementandconfusion.(文化沖擊的概念有助于解釋困惑的感覺。)”可知，新來的人因不了解當?shù)仫L俗習慣而感到困惑。故選D項。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Languageproblemsdonotleadtoallthesetbacksthatpeoplefeel.Whenonehaslosteverythingthatwasoncefamiliar,suchasunderstandingatransportationsystem,knowinghowtoregister(注冊，登記)foruniversityclasses,orknowinghowtomakefriends,difficultiesincopingwiththenewsocietymayarise.(語言問題并不會導致人們感受到的所有setbacks。當一個人失去了曾經(jīng)熟悉的一切，比如了解交通系統(tǒng)、知道如何注冊大學課程或知道如何交朋友時，應對新社會的困難可能會出現(xiàn)。)”，身處異國他鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)生的語言問題會讓新來者陷入一個不熟悉的環(huán)境，遇到困難，遭遇挫折，setbacks意為“挫折”，與discouragements意思相近。故選A項。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.(另一方面，更多的來訪者可能會對他們的祖國嗤之以鼻，拒絕它的價值，相反選擇認可新國家的價值。這可能是為了被新文化中的人接受而試圖接受新文化。)”可推知，為了融入到當?shù)匚幕?，被新文化中的人接受，新來者愿意無條件完全地接受新文化。故選B項。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,heorshefeelslikeafishoutofwater.Newersfeelattimesthattheydonotbelongtothecultureandfeeldesertedbythenativemembersoftheculture.Whenthishappens,visitorsmaywanttorefuseeverythingaboutthenewenvironmentandmayglorifyandsingtheirownpraisesofthepositiveaspectsoftheirownculture.Ontheotherside,morevisitorsmaysneezeattheirnativecountrybyrejectingitsvalueandinsteadchoosingtoapproveofthevalueofthenewcountry.Thismayoccurasanattempttoacceptthenewcultureinordertobetakeninbythepeopleinit.(當一個人進入一種陌生的文化時，他或她會感覺像一條離開水的魚。新來者有時會覺得他們不屬于這個文化，覺得被這個文化的本土成員拋棄了。當這種情況發(fā)生時，來訪者可能想要拒絕新環(huán)境的一切，可能會贊美和歌頌自己文化的積極方面。另一方面，更多的來訪者可能會鄙視他們的祖國，拒絕它的價值，而選擇認可新國家的價值。這可能是為了適應新的文化而試圖接受新的文化)”可知，最后一段闡述了兩種思想傾向，或不能融入或全盤接受，這些都是很極端的做法，所以下文將會繼續(xù)就如何應對文化沖擊給出建議。故選C項。BWhereverwego,wearesurroundedbyhistory.Acrosstheglobe,culturalheritageispasseddownthroughgenerations.Itisinthebuildingsandstructuresaroundus.Itisintheartsandartifacts(手工藝品)wetreasure.Itlivesinthelanguageswespeakandthestorieswetell.Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyisthedamageoftimeintimidatingourculturalheritage,butwars,climatechange,globalizationandtourismareallexactingaheavyprice.Technologyisnowthemostimportantweaponinthebattle.Here’showtechnologyispreservingourculturalheritage.Asyoucanimagine,creatingthereplicas(復制品)viacrowdsourced2Dimagesisextremelytimeconsuming.Increasingly,artificialintelligence(AI)isbeingusedtodoalltherequiredsourcing,allowingmillionsofimagestobestoredinamatterofhours.AIwillalsomakerestorationandpreservationofexistingculturalheritagefareasierandmuchbetterthanformermethods.Virtualreality(VR)technologywillplayaleadingroleinpreservingourculturalheritageintheingyears.Manyofthemostimportantsitesandarchitectureareeasilydamaged.Humaninteractionwiththeselocationsisdoingagreatdealofharm.Wastesleftcouldbeseeneverywhere,causingmanyproblems.Asmoreculturalheritagesitesandobjectsaredigitallymappedandrecorded,VRtechnologywillincreasinglybeethewaythatpeopleexperiencethem.We’llalleventuallybeabletowalkthroughplaces,lookatandtouchartifactsandworksofartwithouteverseeingthemwithourowneyes.Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.Effortsinresearch,innovation(創(chuàng)新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidating”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Fading. B．Preserving. C．Recording. D．Threatening.18．HowdoesVRhelptopreserveculturalheritage?A．Byrecyclinghugeamountsofwaste.B．Bystoppingvisitorstouchingartifacts.C．Byreducinghumaneffectsonthesites.D．Byeducatingpeopleaboutthesites’importance.19．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotechnologyinpreservingtheculturalheritage?A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Unsupportive.20．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．HowTechnologyChangesArtsB．WhatCulturalHeritageMeanstoUsC．PrepareforanInnovationinTechnologyD．PreservetheAncientwiththeAdvanced【答案】17．D18．C19．A20．D【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)（AI和VR）怎樣應用在文化遺產(chǎn)的保護上。17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Buttoday,itisunderattackasneverbefore.Notonlyarethedamagesoftimeintimidatingourculturalheritage,butwars,climatechange,globalizationandtourismareallexactingaheavyprice.”（但今天，它受到了前所未有的攻擊。時間的破壞不僅intimidating我們的文化遺產(chǎn)，而且戰(zhàn)爭、氣候變化、全球化和旅游業(yè)都在付出沉重的代價。）可知，文化遺產(chǎn)受到前所未有的攻擊，沖突，氣候變化，全球化和旅游業(yè)都在付出沉重的代價，notonly…butalso…連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，此處講述對文化遺產(chǎn)的破壞，因此推斷時間的破壞威脅著文化遺產(chǎn)。故可猜測，劃線單詞為“威脅”的意思，結(jié)合選項D項意思一致。故選D項。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Asmoreculturalheritagesitesandobjectsaredigitallymappedandrecorded,VRtechnologywillincreasinglybeethewaythatpeopleexperiencethem.We’llalleventuallybeabletowalkthroughplaces,lookatandtouchartifactsandworksofartwithouteverseeingthemwithourowneyes.”（隨著越來越多的文化遺址和文物被數(shù)字化測繪和記錄，VR技術(shù)將越來越多地成為人們體驗它們的方式。我們最終都將能夠在各個地方走動，觀看和觸摸人工制品和藝術(shù)作品，而不用親眼看到它們。）可推知，VR技術(shù)可以模擬出這些文化遺產(chǎn)讓我們感受而不用去現(xiàn)場，從而減少人類對文化遺產(chǎn)的影響以及破壞，以便保護這些文化遺產(chǎn)。故選C項。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.

Effortsinresearch,innovation(創(chuàng)新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.”（最后，我們的文化遺產(chǎn)將通過技術(shù)得到保護。在研究、創(chuàng)新、數(shù)據(jù)共享和項目工作方面的努力將有助于促進和保護世界各國的文化遺產(chǎn)。）可推知，作者對文化遺產(chǎn)保護中技術(shù)的應用持積極肯定的態(tài)度。故選A項。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Here’showtechnologyispreservingourculturalheritage.”（以下是科技如何保護我們的文化遺產(chǎn)。)以及文章最后一段“Finally,ourculturalheritagewillbepreservedviatechnology.Effortsinresearch,innovation(創(chuàng)新),datasharingandprojectworkwillhelppromoteandpreservetheculturalheritageofcountriesallacrosstheworld.”（最后，我們的文化遺產(chǎn)將通過技術(shù)得到保護。研究、創(chuàng)新、數(shù)據(jù)共享和項目工作的努力將有助于促進和保護世界各國的文化遺產(chǎn)。）可知，本文主要介紹現(xiàn)代技術(shù)應用在文化遺產(chǎn)的保護上。而D項“PreservetheAncientwiththeAdvanced(用先進的技術(shù)保護古代)”切合文意。故選D項。CAmericaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.Neithersidefeelshurtbythis.BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.ThiscanbequitedifficultforusChinesetounderstand,becausefriendshipsbetweenusflowmoreslowlybutthenmaybeelifelongfeelings,extending(延伸)sometimesdeeplyintobothfamilies.Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.Theywillenjoywelingusandbepleasedifweaccepttheirhospitality(好客)easily,buttrulycan’tmanagethetimetodoagreatdealwithavisitoroutsidetheirdailyroutine.Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.Oncewearriveattheirhomes,thewelewillbefull,warmandreal.Wewillfindourselvestreatedhospitably.AnotherdifficultpointforusChinesetounderstandAmericansisthatalthoughtheyincludeuswarmlyintheirpersonaleverydaylives,theydon’tshowtheirpolitenesstousifitrequiresagreatdealoftime.Thisisusuallytheoppositeofthepracticeinourcountrywherewemaybegenerouswithourtime.Sometimes,we,ashosts,willappearatairportseveninthemiddleofthenighttomeetafriend.Wemaytakedaysofftoactasguidestoourforeignfriends.TheAmericans,however,expresstheirweleusuallyathomes.FortheAmericans,itisoftenconsideredmorefriendlytoinviteafriendtotheirhomesthantogotorestaurants,exceptforpurebusinessmatters.Soaccepttheirhospitalityathome!21．WhereareweexpectedtocallourAmericanfriendsifwegotherebyplane?A．Onthebus B．Attheairport.C．Neartheirhome. D．Atourownhotel.22．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallylastforalltheirlives.B．Americansalwaysshowtheirwarmtheveniftheyareverybusy.C．Americanswillcontinuetheirfriendshipsagainevenafteralongbreak.D．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansusuallyextenddeeplyintotheirfamilies.23．Whichisthetypical(典型的)wayofAmericanhospitality?A．Treatingfriendsathome. B．Sharingeverythingtheyhave.C．Takingdaysofftobewithfriends. D．Meetingfriendsattheairportatmidnight.24．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．FriendshipsbetweenChinese B．FriendshipsbetweenAmericansC．Americans’hospitality D．AmericansandChinese’sviewsoffriendship【答案】21．D22．C23．A24．D【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了美國和中國人對友誼的不同看法，介紹了美國人與中國人不同的交友待客習慣。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theywillprobablyexpectustogetourselvesfromtheairporttoourownhotelbybus.Andtheyexpectthatwewillphonethemfromthere.(他們可能希望我們坐公共汽車從機場到自己的旅館，他們希望我們能從那里給他們打)”可知，如果我們坐飛機去那里，我們應該在自己的旅館打給我們的美國朋友。故選D項。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“BothmayexchangeChristmasgreetingsforayearortwo,perhapsafewlettersforawhile—thennomore.Ifthesametwopeoplemeetagainbychance,evenyearslater,theypickupthefriendship.(兩個人都可以互致一兩年來的圣誕問候，也可能只是一段時間內(nèi)寫幾封信——然后就再也沒有了聯(lián)系。如果同樣的兩個人再次偶然相遇，即使多年以后，他們也會重拾友誼)”可知，美國人即使在很長一段時間的中斷之后仍會繼續(xù)他們的友誼。故選C項。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Americansarereadytoreceiveusforeignersattheirhomes,sharetheirholidays,andtheirhomelife.(美國人愿意在家里接待我們外國人，分享他們的假期和家庭生活)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“TheAmericans,however,expresstheirweleusuallyathomes.(然而，美國人通常在家里表達歡迎)”可知，美國人待客的典型方式是在家招待朋友。故選A項。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Americaisamobilesociety.FriendshipsbetweenAmericanscanbecloseandreal,yetdisappearsoonifsituationschange.(美國是一個移動的社會。美國人之間的友誼可以是親密而真實的，但如果情況改變，友誼很快就會消失)”以及文章主要內(nèi)容為本文介紹了美國和中國人對友誼的不同看法，介紹了美國人與中國人不同的交友待客習慣。故D選項“美國人和中國人對友誼的看法”符合文章標題。故選D。DLawrenceGantifromtheUShaslivedinSwitzerland,Japan,andIndia.WhenhisworkwithMerck,apanythatdevelopstreatmentsformanyoftheworld’smostchallengingdiseases,firsttookhimtoJapan,hewasstruckbyhowfortablehisJapanesecoworkerswerewithsilence.DuringmeetingsintheUS,peopleareusuallyuneasywithquietandfillaquietperiodwithtalk.NotsoinJapan.“Youdon’tbreakthesilenceunlessyouhavesomethingimportanttosay,”saysGanti.Surprisingly,whenhenextlivedinIndia,hefoundconversationsweretypicallylively,loudandfullofinterruptions(打岔).“Silenceisneverexpected,”hesays.TheJapanesevaluethebuildingoftrustandrelationships,Gantiadds.InJapan,nothingmightbeachievedinthefirstmeeting,andnorealprogressmaybemadeuntilthepartiessitdownforalunchordinner.GantiremembersgreetingforeignerswhoflewtoJapanwiththeintentionofholdingtheirmeetingandflyingoutthatsameday.“It’sjustahalfhourdiscussion,”theytoldhim.Hereplied,“Thathalfhourdiscussionwon’tgoanywhere.”CyrusSabourifromNewJersey,theUS,hadsimilarexperiencesintheMiddleEast.HelivesinBahrain,whereheworksforAmericanExpressMiddleEast.“Meetingscanrequirepersonalintroductions,whichoftenconsumemoreofthemeetingthanthethingstobediscussed,”hesays.Hewasfrustratedbythiscustomwhenhefirstmovedtotheislandnation.“Youeventuallylearnthatitishardtodrawthelinebetweenbusinessandpersonallife,”hesays.“WarmandfriendlyrelationshipscanbethedifferencebetweenadealornodealwiththeBahraini.”Ganti’scurrentjobwithMercktakeshimthroughoutLatinAmerica.Whileeachcountrypresentsitsownculturalpuzzletofigureout,Gantihasfoundthatcultureshavealotinmon.InmanypartsofLatinAmerica,forinstance,givingstraightadviceorcriticisminconversationisn’ttypical.Tomakeapoint,hedidjustthatinmeetings,andattendeeswereoftenshocked.“I’musuallysenttoplaceswherechangeisneeded,”Gantisays.“Youhavetomakechanges.”25．HowdoIndiansdifferfromtheJapaneseaccordingtoGanti?A．Theydislikebeinginterrupted. B．Theyseemnervousinbusinessmeetings.C．Theyeasilyacceptsilence. D．Theyusuallytalkexcitedly.26．WhathadtheforeignersgoingtoJapanexpectedaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Theywouldhaveaveryinterestingmeeting.B．Theycouldgettheirtasksdonesoon.C．TheycouldleaveJapanthenextday.D．Theywouldbeinvitedtodinner.27．WhatupsetSabouriwhenhefirstworkedinBahrain?A．Bahrainisvaluerelationshipsveryhighly.B．Therearealotoflongbusinessmeetings.C．Personalintroductionsareoftenignored.D．Workismoreimportantthanlifethere.28．WhatdoesGantifindaboutmanyLatinAmericans?A．Theyaregenerallywillingtoacceptnewideas.B．Theyliketosolvepuzzlesintheirsparetime.C．Theyhardlyevermakementsonothers.D．Theyseldomexpresstheirviewsdirectly.29．Theauthorwritesthetextmainlyto________.A．introducehisworkingexperienceinLatinAmerica.B．discussAmerican’s