Unit+3+Environmental+Protection+練案4 高二英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

班級：姓名：學(xué)號：Constantdrippingwearsthestone..選修三unit第頁主備人趙玲玲審核人王天明高二年級英語練案使用日期：2023年1月11日編號：4選擇性必修三AThesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(無人機(jī))ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(紅外線的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1．Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bylistingdata.C．Bydrawingadistinction. D．Bymakingassumptions.2．Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A．Thehighsafety.B．Thehugespace.C．Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D．Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A．Theirproductionsteps.B．Theirpracticalfunctions.C．Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D．Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.4．Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Drones:Poisonous B．Drones:Eco-friendlyC．Drones:Limited D．Drones:AdaptableBThere’snothingwrongwithatomatothatisn’tperfectlyroundedorapeachwithanextradimple(凹)ortwo;theystillcarrythesamebenefitsandflavorsastheversionswe’reusedtoseeingingrocerystores.Farmersthrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmanygrocerychainswon’tbuythemforfearthattheyareunsellable.However,agrowinggroupofgrocerychainsarefightingtomakethesediscardedfruitsandvegetablespartofconsumers’buyinghabits.OnesuchbusinessisImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.Throughthisservice,youcangetupto20poundsoffruitandveggiesforaround$20aweek.Thisisabouta30percentdiscountcomparedtowhat’scurrentlysoldinstores.Recently,thecompanyhadamajorbreakthroughwhenWholeFoodsacceptedtheirpartnershipandagreedtosellthemisshapedproduce.WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it’salreadygainedseriousmomentum(勢頭)inEurope.In2014,theE.U.announcedtheYearAgainstFoodWaste,withFrenchgrocerychainIntermarchélaunchingaverysuccessfulcampaigncalledIngloriousFruitsandVegetablesandEngland’sWaitroseselling“weatherblemished”apples.InPortugal,asimilarcompanytoImperfectProducecalledFrutaFeiahasalsotakenoff.Buyingtheseunfortunate-lookingfoodsshouldbeappealingtoconsumersnotonlybecauseoftheaffordability,butalsobecauseofthesupportitgivestofarmersandthedirectimpactithasondecreasingfoodwasteandtheenvironmentalpollution.Itisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsandvegetablesdecompose(腐爛)theyreleasemethane(甲烷),agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,isabout86timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.Wasteis,infact,theugliestthingofall.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inparagraphonemean?A．Thrown-away. B．Harvested.C．Consumed. D．Sold-out.6．WhatisthepurposeofImperfectProduce?A．Makebetterprofits. B．Sellimperfectproduce.C．Getdiscountsfromfarmers. D．CompetewithWholeFoods.7．WhatcanwelearnaboutEuropecomparedwiththeUS?A．Ithasmoresuccessfully-runfoodchains.B．Itproduceslessmisshapedfruitsandvegetables.C．Itaddressestheproblemofmisshapedproduceearlier.D．Itfacesamoreseriousproblemofunfavorableweather.8．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whyiswastedfoodharmfultotheenvironment?A．Itpollutesthefarms. B．Itgivesoutabadsmell.C．Itcontributestoglobalwarming. D．Itproduceslotsofcarbondioxide.CSupermarketshopperscouldsoonbecheckingtheenvironmentalimpactoffoodbeforeputtingitintheirtrolleys,thankstonewresearch.Manyconsumerswanttoknowhowtheirweeklyfoodshopaffectstheplanet.However,reliableinformationofthiskindhasn’tbeenavailablebecausefoodcompaniesonlyhavetolisttheirmainingredients(原料).Thefoodindustryhasalsobeencryingoutforanewtoolandthisalgorithm(運(yùn)算法則),whichisalreadybeingusedbysomecompaniestomaketheirmealsmoreeco-friendly,helpsfillthegap.DrMikeClark,wholedtheresearchatOxfordUniversity,calledthetool“asignificantsteptowardsprovidinginformationthatcouldenableinformeddecision-making”.Theteamestimatedthecompositionof57,000foodsanddrinksinsupermarkets.Itthenassessedtheimpactofgrowingmethods,processingandtransport,againstkeyenvironmentalmeasuresincludinggreenhousegasemissionsandimpactsonnature.Finally,aneco-scorewasworkedout.However,theanalysishaslimits.Underthealgorithm,thehigherthescore,thehighertheenvironmentalimpact.Asexpected,foodscontainingmoremeatanddairyscoremuchhigherthanthosewithmoreplant-basedingredients.Buttherewaswidevariationwithinspecifictypes.Forexample,thehighest-impactporksausagescoredaboutathirdhigherthantheleastone.Andtheimpactofbiscuitsrosethemorechocolatetheycontained.COOK,afrozenfoodproducerlookingtodiversifyawayfrommeat,hasworkedwiththeresearchers.Itwantstoexplorewhetherputtingeco-labelsonitsproductswouldhelpcustomersembraceamoresustainablediet.AnofficialfromtheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairswelcomedtheplan.“Wewanttogiveeveryonetheinformationtomakehealthier,greenerandmoresustainablechoiceswiththefoodtheybuy.”However,theresearchersdon’tforeseeeco-labellingbecomingcompulsory(義務(wù)的)inthenearfuture.Theywantfirmstoadoptitvoluntarily,somethingtheybelievewouldmakeadifferencetothefoodindustryincuttingtheirenvironmentalfootprint.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thegap”inparagraph2referto?A．Companies’lackofrequirementstolabeltheiringredients.B．Companies’lackoftoolstomaketheirmealsmoreeco-friendly.C．Customers’lackofhabitsofcheckingtheenvironmentalimpactoffood.D．Customers’lackofreliableinformationabouttheenvironmentalimpactoffood.10．WhatismainlyintroducedaboutDrMike’stoolinparagraph3?A．Itsfunctions. B．Itslimitations. C．Itsoperation. D．Itssignificance.11．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph4?A．Higherscoreindicateshigherenvironmentalimpact.B．Therecanbevariedscoreswithinthesametype.C．Smallchangesiningredientscouldmakebigdifferences.D．Plant-basedingredientsscorelowerthanmeatanddairy.12．Whydotheresearchersagreeitisuptofirmstoadopteco-labelling?A．Theyexpectforvoluntaryactions. B．Producersarestilldoubtfulaboutit.C．Theyarenotconfidentintheirresearch. D．Thegovernmentdoesnotapproveofit.七選五：CarbonFootprintWhilemakingvisitstonationalparksorforestpreserves,you’lloftenbetoldtoleavenothingbutfoot-prints.However,whereverwego,weactuallyleavetwosetsoffootprints.___13____,andtheotheriswhatisknownasyourcarbonfootprint.Thatreferstothelevelofgreenhousegasesyourlifestyleandactivityproduceandsendout.Oftenpeopleconsidertheircarbonfootprinttobetheresultoftheirimmediateuseoffossilfuelsandenergyusage,likecookingwithnaturalgasorusingpetroltoruntheirautomobile.____14____.Thismayincludethefossilfuelusedtotransportthefoodthatyoubuyatyourlocalgrocerystore,ortheenergyusedtodealwiththewasteproducedinyourhousehold.Takingsmallsteptoreduceyourcarbonfootprintandsavingenergyisactuallyfairlysimple.___15____Itrequirestheburningoffossilfuelstomakethebottle,transportit,andgetridofitifit’snotrecycled.Comparedwithit,in-housefiltration(過濾)systemscanreduceyourinfluenceandcostforwater.Unpluggingappliancesthatarenotfrequentlyinuseisanotherwaytoreduceyourcarbonfoot-print.____16____,mostofthemhaveastandbymode(待機(jī)模式)thatwastesenergy.Cuttingoffpoweristhebestwaytoensurethatunnecessaryenergyisnotlost.Whatismore,newenergyefficientlightbulbs,filters,andappliancescouldalsohelpreduceyourcarbonfootprint.___17___.Witheasysteps,youareonyourwaytoreducingthesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehind.A．EvenwhentheseappliancesarenotinuseB．Forinstance,theuseofbottledwaterleavesarathersignificantcarbonfootprintC．AlthoughfossilfuelsmayleadtocarbonfootprintsD．OneisyouphysicalfootprintE．WeoftenforgetfootprintssometimesconsequentlydoharmtotheenvironmentF．However,yourcarbonfootprintconsistsofmanyactivitiesthatcanbefarlessobviousG．Inaword,lessenergyusedmeanslessgreenhousesgasproduced完形填空：ManypoorchildreninAfricanstruggleontuitionforaneducation.However,anewschoolhasbeenaskingtheirpupilstopayforclasseswith____1____.Everyweek,students____2____theAksharSchoolarerequiredtolineupand“pay”fortheirclassesusinggrocerybags___3____atleast25piecesofplasticwastethey____4____fromaroundtheirhomesandcommunities.ParmitaandMazin,thecouple____5____forthenewschool,were____6____tolaunchthecampaignafterwitnessingtheirstudentsbeingforcedto____7____theacridsmellofburningplastic.That’s____8___beforetheschoolwasopenedin2016,localfamiliesandcommunities____9____burnedplasticwasteasameansofkeepingwarmandfuelingfires.Now,theplasticisbeingcollectedandrecycledattheschool’sownrecyclingcenter.Theschool_____10_____thetrashintoEcobricksbycompressing(壓縮)about40piecesofgarbageintoa(n)_____11_____plasticbottle.Furthermore,theschool’solderstudentscanworkpart-timeatthecenterasanadditionalsourceof_____12_____.Nowtheschoolownsover100students_____13_____theagesof4and15.Sincetheschool’s_____14_____curriculumhasattractedmoreandmore_____15_____toenroll,thecoupleplanonopeninganother100schoolsoverthenextfiveyears.1．A．workinghours B．farmproducts C．plasticwaste D．burnedtrash2．A．leaving B．a(chǎn)ttending C．finishing D．damaging3．A．takingin B．spreadingout C．a(chǎn)ttachedto D．filledwith4．A．collected B．borrowed C．explored D．counted5．A．a(chǎn)nxious B．grateful C．responsible D．qualified6．A．changed B．inspired C．prohibited D．recommended7．A．stand B．enjoy C．observe D．control8．A．a(chǎn)sif B．a(chǎn)lthough C．because D．incase9．A．consequently B．ob