七閱讀理解-健康環(huán)保類-2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)解析

(7)閱讀理解-健康環(huán)保類——2022年高考英語真題模擬試題專項(xiàng)

匯編

1.【2022年安徽安慶二模，閱讀C】

Climatebreakdownthreatenstocauseaglobalfoodproductioncrisis.TheUNforecaststhatby2050,

feedingtheworldwillrequirea20%expansioninglobalwateruseforagriculture.Itishardtoseehow

agriculturecanfeedthepopulationoftheplanet,letalonetowardtheendofthecenturyandbeyond.

Agricultureisamajorcauseofclimatebreakdown,andbothriverandairpollution.Industrialfishingis

similarlydrivingecologicalcollapseinseasaroundtheworld.

However,atthiscriticaltime,farming（anewkindoffoodtechnology）iscreatingastonishing

possibilitiestosavebothpeopleandtheplanet.Farmingwillenablethereturnofvastareasoflandandsea

tonature,greatlyreducingcarbonemissions（排放物）.Itmeansanendtotheemploymentofanimals,a

stoptooverfishing,andadramaticreductionincuttingdownforestsandtheuseofpesticides（殺蟲齊！J）.It

isthebesthopeforstoppingthedestructionoftheplanetand,ifitisdoneright,itmeanscheapand

abundantfoodforeveryone.

Weareabouttowelcomeoneofthebiggesteconomictransformations,ofanykind,for200years.

Argumentscontinueaboutplantsagainstmeat-baseddiets;however,newtechnologieswillsoonmake

theseargumentsin*elevant.Beforelong,mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrom

micro-organisms（微生物）.

Notonlywillfoodbecheaper,itwillalsobehealthier.Duetothefactthatfarmingcreatesfood

productsbuiltupfromsimplecomponentsratherthanbrokendownfromcomplexones,hardfatsandother

unhealthycomponentscanbescreenedout.Meatwillstillbemeat,butitwillbegrowninfactoriesrather

thaninthebodiesofanimals.Fatswillstillbefats,butfoodislikelytobebetter,cheaperandmuchless

damagingtothelivingplanet.

1.Whatisthemajorcauseofseaecologicalbreakdown?

A.Foodproduction.B.Globalfarming.

C.Industrialfishing.D.Climatebreakdown.

2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutferming?

A.Itsbenefits.B.Itssecurity.C.Itsresearch.D.Itslimits.

3.Whatwillprovidethemajorityoffoodinthenearfuture?

A.Seaanimals.B.Wildplants.C.Micro-organisms.D.Farmproducts.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoferming?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Unclear.

2.【2022年河北張家口模擬，閱讀C】

Ifyouweretothrow,say,abananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledrivingalongthemotorway,thatwouldbe

acompletelyharmlessaction,duetothefactthatit*spartofafruit—right?Actually,no.Abananapeelcan

takeuptotwoyearstobiodegrade（生物降解）,andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhile

driving,that'sawholelotofthrown-awaybananapeels,ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarette

butthaveasimilarbiodegradingtermtothatofabanana,buttinoraluminumcanslastupto100years;

andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglassbottles,Styrofoamcupsandplasticbags.

Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsfor

longer,wecan'tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despite

havingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayinthe

UKeveryday.Similarly,ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK'sratpopulationtoincrease

by60million.Thissuddenlyisn'tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannual

litteringhasincreasedbyanastonishing500percent.

It'snotacheaphabiteither:UKtaxpayersshelveout￡500millioninordertokeepourstreetsclean,and

whenyouincludeourgreenspaces,thatgoesupto￡1billion.So,it'snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-

tippingyoucouldfacea￡20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyoudisposedofsomethingdangerous,the

courtcouldgiveyoufiveyearstoserve.

Totakebackourbeautifulcountrysideandcitiesweneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbish

whereitoughtnottobe.Weneedapridemakeover.Weneedtotrulycaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.

1.Whichofthefollowinghavethelongestbiodegradingterm?

A.Cigarettebutts.B.Glassbottles.

C.Orangepeels.D.Aluminumcans.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"severity"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Seriousness.B.Effect.C.Variety.D.Quantity

3.HowisParagraph3developed?

A.Byprovidingstatistics.B.Bydrawingcomparison.

C.Bymakingasummary.D.Byexplainingaconcept.

4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Aresearchpaper.B.Amedicaljournal.

C.Asciencemagazine.D.Afinancialnewspaper.

3.【2022年云南高三模擬，閱讀D】

Cottonbagshavebecomeameansforbrands,retailers,andsupermarketstopromoteaplanet-friendly

concept-or,atleast,toshowthatthecompaniesareawareoftheoveruseofplasticinpackaging."There's

atrendinNewYorkrightnowwherepeoplearecairyingcottonbagsfromlocalbakeries,hardware

stores,ortheirfavoritesteakhouses,1*saiddesignerRachelComey.

Sofar,soearth-friendly?Notexactly.Itturnsoutthewholeheartedembraceofcottonbagsmayactually

havecreatedanewproblem.

Anorganiccottonbagneedstobeused20,000timestooffset（抵消）itsoverallimpactofproduction,

accordingtoa2021studybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmark.Thatisequaltodailyuse

for54years-forjustonebag.Evenwhenabagdoesmakeit,mostcoloringmattersusedtoprintlogosand

decorationsontothemarePVC-basedandthusnotrecyclableinwastetreatmentfactories.

That'snottosaycottonisworsethanplastic,orthatthetwoshouldevenbecompared.Whilecottoncan

usepesticidesandhasdriedupriversfromwaterconsumption,lightweightplasticbagsusegreenhouse

gas-emittingfossilfuels,neverbreakdown,andblockupthewaterways.

Somebrandsareturningtootherfabricsolutions.BritishdesignerAllyCapellinorecentlyswapped

cottonforstraw,whiledesignerAnyaHindmarchintroducedanewversionofheroriginalbag,thistime

madefromrecycledwaterbottles.Intheend,thesimplestsolutionmaybethemostobvious.nNotevery

productneedsabagJComeysaid.

l.Whyonearthdocompaniesoffercottonbags?

A.Toprovideconveniencetotheircustomers.

B.Tocutdownontheuseofplasticpackaging.

C.Toadvertisethemselvesaseco-friendlyones.

D.Topromotetheconceptofprotectingtheearth.

2.Whatdoweknowaboutthecottonbags?

A.Theycanbeusedforoverfivedecades.

B.Theydomuchharmtotheenvironment.

C.Theyhavelogosprintedwithnaturalmaterials.

D.Theycanberecycledinwastetreatmentfactories.

3.Howdoestheproductionofplasticbagsaffecttheenvironment?

A.Itconsumestoomuchwater.B.Itsavestheuseoffossilfuels.

C.Itpollutestheearth'satmosphere.D.Itincreasestheuseofpesticides.

4.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.PlasticBagsBeatCottonBagsB.ARevolutionforBagDesigners

C.HowtoChooseBagsforYourselfD.LessPackaging,BetterEnvironment

4.【2022年云南麗江模擬，閱讀D】

By2050,ourglobalpopulationmighthavebeenbeyondninebillion,bringingwithitanexpected70%

increaseinglobaldemandformeatandfish.Asaresult,thegrowingdemandforsoya-basedfarmfeedis

drivingmassivedestructionofforestsatanalarmingrate,andseaanimalpopulationshavehalvedinthe

lastfourdecadesduetowidespreadoverfishing.

With10millionpoundsfunding,partoftheGovernment'sIndustrialStrategyChallengeFund,astart-up

companyEntocycleisleadingacooperationthatwillbuildtheUK'sfirstindustrial-scaleinsectfarm.

Blacksoldierflies（黑水虻）areusedtoconvertfoodwastefromfarmsandfactoriesintoasustainable,

organicinsect-basedproteinfeed,asanalternativetosoya,forfarmedanimals,namelypigs,chickenand

fish.Inshort,thecompanyisusingfoodwastetocreateinsectproteintofeedtheanimalsthatweeat,

whilereducingcarbondioxideemissions（排放）anddeforestation.

Followingitsformationin2017,EntocyclespenttimedevelopingitstechnologyaspartoftheEuropean

SpaceAgencyBusinessIncubationCentreUnitedKingdom（ESABICUK）,whichismanagedandpartly

fundedbySTFC.Entocycleacquiredtheexpertknowledgetodevelopanetworkofcuttingedgesensors,

originallydesignedforuseinspace,tomonitorandoptimize（優(yōu)化）theblacksoldierflies'lifecycle.They

combinedthiswithbigdataanalysistodeveloptheirproprietarytechnologytomass-rearflies,scalablefor

industrialuse.STFC'sDrSueO'Hare,OperationsManagerattheESABICUK,said,nEntocycleisafirst-

classexampleofhowspacetechnologycanbeappliedtoaddressoneofthemostimportantglobal

challengeswecurrentlyface——howtofeedtheworldwithoutharmingourplanet."

ItisfantastictoknowthattheESABICUK,partoftheworld'slargestbusinessincubationprogramfor

spacetechstart-ups,wasabletoprovidetherightenvironmentandsupporttoplayapartintheearly

developmentofthisworld-changingtechnology.ThisisasignificantmilestoneforEntocycleasitseeksto

makearealandpositiveimpactonmakingourfoodsupplychainsmoreenvironmentallysustainable.

l.Howdoestheauthordevelophisopinioninparagraph1?

A.Bylistingquestions.B.Bypresentingfacts.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bystatingarguments.

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordnconvertHinparagraph2mean?

A.Transform.B.Exchange.C.Dip.D.Add.

3.WhatistheDrSueO'Hare'sattitudetoEntocycle?

A.Negative.B.Pessimistic.C.Supportive.D.Ambiguous.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FoodWasteIsaGlobalChallenge

B.IncreasingPopulationThreatsOurPlanet

C.EntocyclePutsSpaceTechnologyintoUse

D.UsingInsectstoTurnFoodWasteintoAnimalFeed

5.【2022年福建高三模擬，閱讀D】

Forhumans,adaptingtoclimatechangewillmostlybeamatteroftechnology.Moreairconditioning,

better-designedhousesandbiggerflooddefensesmayhelplessentheeffectsofawarmerworld.Animals

willhavetorelyonchangingtheirbodiesortheirbehaviour.InapaperpublishedinTrendsinEcology

Evolution,ateamledbySaraRyding,aprofessorinAustralia,showsthatisalreadyhappening.Insome

speciesofAustralianparrot,forinstance,beaksizehasincreasedbybetween4%and10%since1871.

Similartrendsareseeninspeciesofmiceandbatsgrowingbiggerears,tails,legsandwings.

Allthatfitsnicelywithevolutionarytheory."Alien'srule",namedafterJoeAllen,whosuggestedit

in1877,holdsthatwarm-bloodedanimalsinhotplacestendtohavelargerappendagesthanthoseinmild

areas.Suchadaptationsboostananimafssurfacearearelativetoitsbodyvolume,helpingittoshedextra

heat.Fennecfoxes,meanwhile,whicharenativetotheSaharadesert,havestrikinglylargeears,especially

comparedwiththeirArcticcousins.

Ryding'steamcombineddatafromdifferentspeciesindifferentplaces.Nowthattheyhavelittlein

commonapartfromlivingonawarmingplanet,climatechangeisthemostreasonableexplanation.Since

anyevolutionaryadaptationcomeswithtrade-offs,itisunclearhowfartheprocessmightgo.Biggerbeaks

mightinterferewithfeeding,forinstance.Largerwingsareheavier,andbiggerlegscostmoreenergyto

grow.

Honestly,studyingabroaderrangeofanimalswillhelpfirmupexactlywhatishappening.Fornow,

atleast,theincreaseissmall,nevermuchmorethan10%.Thatmaychangeaswarmingaccelerates.Butit

seemsclearthattheworldofthefutureisnotjustgoingtobehotterthanhumansareusedto.Theanimals

livinginitwilllookdifferent,too.

1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbymentioningAustralianparrotinParagraph1?

A.Climatechangeisaffectinganimals.

B.Scientistsaredoingresearchonanimals.

C.Humanscanadapttoclimatechangemoreeasily.

D.Animalsareadaptingtowarmerclimateintheirownways.

2.Whatisthebenefitofhavingbiggerbodypartsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Gettingridofadditionalheat.B.Becominglargerandstronger.

C.Enlarginganimals1surfacearea.D.Becomingmoresensitivetotheenvironment.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthechangeinanimalsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.ItcomesatanexpenseBitscauseisdefinite.

C.Ithappensinthesamehabitat.D.Itsprocesswillendsoon.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletileforthetext?

A.LivingonaWarmingPlanetB.EvolutiontoSurviveHeat

C.PioneeringResearchonAnimals□.MeasurestoFightagainstHeat

6.【2022年云南麗江模擬，閱讀D】

We*veallbeenthere,tryingourbesttodoourbittohelpsavetheplanet,whenareallyessentialitemthat

youhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeit's

anunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.

It'smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesof

packagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two-thirdsofwhich

couldhaveinsteadbeenrecovered.

Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshakeupinlinewith

the"polluterpaysprinciple".Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbe

encouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchas

possible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.

ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)-meaningthatthosewhohavecontrol

overpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginning

andconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.

Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwaste

management,companieswillhaveinsteadtopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwasteaswellas

thatfrombusinesses,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittercoststoo.

And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredto

putclearmandatory(強(qiáng)制性的labellingonpackaging,forexample,thiscouldbe"RECYCLE"or"DO

NOTRECYCLE",Ofcourse,wehopethatthe"DONOTRECYCLE"categorylabellingistheminority,It

isaimedthatby2030.78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.

1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Two-thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.

B.Over-packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.

C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.

D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular.

2.Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?

A.Designers.B.Producers.C.Customers.D.Localauthorities.

3.WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?

A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclethepackagingwaste.

B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.

C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.

D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendanddorightthings.

4.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?

A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.

B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.

C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.

D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.

7.【2022年四川樂山模擬，閱讀D】

Manyplasticproductsweuseeverydayarenotabletoberecycled.Americansalonethrowaway42

milliontonsofsingle-useplasticseachyear,andonly9percentofthatwastecanbeturnedintosomething

else.Therestendsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場）,orworse,theocean.

ByFusion,foundedin2017inLosAngeles,California,hasworkedoutawaytoputallthatplastic

wastetogooduse.ItusesmachinescalledBlockerstoshapeallkindsofplastics,evennon-recyclables,

intostandardbuildingblockscalledByBlocksthatcanbeusedtobuildanything.Now,ByFusionhasbuilt

apavilion（亭子）ft）raschoolwithblocksmadefromlocallycollectedplastics.

"Plasticwasnotinventedtobethrownaway,"thecompanystatesontheirwebsite."Plasticisstrong,

flexible,andbuilttolast.Thisiswhyplasticisn'ttheproblem.Theproblemisthatwedon'thaveagood

planforitsfuture,sonowitispackedintolandfills,burnedattheedgesoftownssendingpoisonoussmoke

intotheair,andtherearecontinentsofitfloatingatseakillingpreciouswildlife.”

ByBlocksrequirenogluesandare10poundslighterthantraditionalblocks,makingconstruction

workquickerandeasier,whichmeansnospeciallaborisneeded.Theywon'lbreakintopieceslike

concreteblockswould.Theyalsocreatezerowastetomake—1tonofplasticequalsItonofByBlocks.

Afteryearsofexperimentsthatcostmuch,thecompanyhasinstalled（安裝）afullproductionunitin

L.A.,whereitcanprocess450tonsofplasticperyear,andthereare12moreBlockersarrivinginU.S.

citiessoon.ThecompanyhassetagoaltorecyclelOOmilliontonsofplasticwasteby2030,anditthinks

thenumberiswithinreach.*'Ifwegetupto9,000Blockersystemsinstalledaroundtheworldby2025,

wellmakeit,"saidfounderHeidiKujawa.

1.WhywasByFusionsetup?

A.Tobuildnature-friendlylandfills.B.Toproducerecyclableplastics.

C.Tomakegreenbuildingmaterials.D.Torecyclevariousbuildingwaste

2.WhatisByFusion'sviewaboutplastic?

A.Usedplasticisn'ttakenseriously.B.Itisn'tgoodforhumanbeings.

C.Toomuchplastichasbeenmade.D.Thedemandforitisincreasing.

3.WhatdoweknowabouttheactualuseofByBlocks?

A.Itneedspromoting.B.Ifscost-effective.

C.It*stime-consuming.D.ltasksfbrstrictsteps.

4.WhatcanmakeByFusionhitits100-million-tongoal?

A.ItsByBlocksarerecognized.B.Itsexpensesareguaranteed

C.Itstechniquesdevelopfast.D.Itsequipmentisusedwidely.

8.【2022年河北高三模擬，閱讀C】

Scientiststodayareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofspeciesintheworldthatmaysoon

becomeextinct.TheUnitedNations,alongwithmanygovernments,aretryingtosavetheseendangered

species.Tohelpresolvethisissue,scientistshavebeentryingtolearnwhyspeciesbecomeendangered.

IntheUnitedStates,lossofhabitatsisthemainreasonforspeciesbecomingendangered.As

populationsgrowandcitiesortownsexpand,natureisdestroyedandtheecosystemisaffected.Evensmall

changesinonepartofanecosystemcanhaveabigimpactonanotherpartofit.Forexample,deforestation

mayresultinachangeingroundtemperature,whichmaykilloffacertainkindofplantintheforest.

Animalsthateatthisplantmaysuddenlyfindthatthereisnoavailablefoodsotheystarvetodeath.

Anotherpossiblecauseofendangeredorextinctspeciesisclimatechangeandrisingsealevels.As

theEarthgetswarmer,thishasprofoundeffectsonanimalandplantlifeeverywhere.Forexample,rising

sealevelsmakecoastalareasunfitforbirdstolivein.Warmertemperaturesmelttheicewherepolarbears

live,wreckingtheirhabitatandmakingitharderforthemtofindfood.Therisingseasalsomakeitharder

forpolarbearstoswimfromthecoldwaterstofrozenpacksoficesomanyofthemdrown.

Thereareseveralwaysthatpeoplearetryingtohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.Ecologistsstudy

differentspeciesandtrytofindoutmoreinformationaboutthemtotryandhelp.InFinland,forexample,

scientistsfoundthatadecreaseinthenumberofbogs（沼澤）wasresponsiblefbrthefallingbutterfly

population.Oncetheyunderstoodthis,theycouldmanagethebutterflypopulationandhelpitrecover.

Governmentsarealsopassinglawstoprotectendangeredanimals.Oneexampleofthisisanareanear

Hawaiiwithaseriouslylowfishpopulation.TheUnitedStates*governmenthasmadeitillegalforfishing

boatstoenterthisarea.

1.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?

A.MostendangeredspeciesarelocatedintheUnitedStates.

B.CitiesandtownsintheUnitedStatesaregrowingtoofast.

C.Ecosystemchangescanresultinhabitatlossandanimaldeath.

D.Moretreesneedtobeplantedtopreventanimalsfromdyingout.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"wrecking"inparagraph3mean?

A.Conserving.B.Damaging.C.Providing.D.Dominating.

3.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.SavingEndangeredSpeciesB.AListofEndangeredSpecies

C.TheCausesofGlobalWarmingD.HowPolarBearsBecameExtinct

4.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Someotherwaystohelpendangeredspeciesrecover.

B.Abriefdiscussionofpolarbearsandtheirdiethabits.

C.TheimpactoffishinglawsonthedevelopmentofHawaii.

D.Variousopinionsanddebatesconcerningthecauseofglobalwarming.

答案以及解析

1.答案：l.C;2.A;3.C;4.B

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Industrialfishingissimilarlydrivingecologicalcollapsein

seasaroundtheworki.（類似地，工業(yè)捕撈也導(dǎo)致了世界各地海洋生態(tài)的破壞。片可知，造成海洋生態(tài)破

壞的原因是工業(yè)捕撈。故選C。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段Farmingwillenablethereturnofvastareasoflandandseatonature,greatly

reducingcarbonemissions（排）Itmeansanendtotheemploymentofanimals,astoptooverfishing,anda

dramaticreductionincuttingdownforestsandtheuseofpesticides（殺蟲齊!J）Itisthebesthopeforstopping

thedestructionoftheplanetand,ifitisdoneright,itmeanscheapandabundantfoodforeveryone.”（農(nóng)業(yè)

將使大片陸地和海洋回歸自然，大大減少碳排放。這意味著不再使用動(dòng)物,停止過度捕撈，大幅減沙砍

伐森林和殺蟲劑的使用。這是阻止地球毀滅的最好希望，如果做得對，這意味著每個(gè)人都能獲得廉價(jià)

而豐富的食物。）可知,本段主要講述農(nóng)業(yè)的好處。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Beforelong,mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,

butfrommicro-organisms（微生物）。（不久以后，大多數(shù)食品不是來自動(dòng)物和植物而是微生物。）”可知,

作者認(rèn)為在不久的將來，人們的食物來源主要是微生物。故選Co

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句However,atthiscriticaltime,farming（anewkindoffood

technology）iscreatingastonishingpossibilitiestosavebothpeopleandtheplanet.（然而，在這個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻,

農(nóng)業(yè)（一種新的食品技術(shù)）正在創(chuàng)造拯救人類和地球的驚人可能性。廠和第三段最后一句"Beforelong,

mostfoodwillcomeneitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrommicro-organisms（微生物）。（不久以后，大

多數(shù)食品不是來自動(dòng)物和植物而是微生物?！阂约暗谒亩巫詈笠痪銷otonlywillfoodbecheaper,it

willalsobehealthier.（食物不僅會更便宜，也會更健康。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)可以解決人類面臨的糧

食危機(jī)，而且人們的主要食物來源會改變，同時(shí)食物也會更實(shí)惠更健康，以上評價(jià)都是正向的,因此最

能描述作者對農(nóng)業(yè)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的是積極的。故選B。

2.答案：1-4BAAC

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthaveasimilarbiodegrading

termtothatofabanana,buttinoraluminumcanslastupto100years;andplasticbottleslastforever,as

doglassbottles,Styrofoamcupsandplasticbags.（橙子皮和煙蒂都有類似于香蕉的生物降解能力，但錫

罐和鋁罐的生物降解能力可以長達(dá)100年;塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保

存）”可知，玻璃瓶的生物降解期限最長。故選B。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中"Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan

120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly,ourregularlitteringhere

andtherehascausedtheUK'sratpopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn'tsomysterious

whenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanastonishing500

percent.（例如，盡管生物降解時(shí)間相當(dāng)短，但英國每天仍有120多噸與香煙有關(guān)的垃圾被扔掉。同樣，

我們經(jīng)常隨地亂扔垃圾導(dǎo)致英國的老鼠數(shù)量增加了6000萬。自從20世紀(jì)60年代以來，我們每年的

垃圾數(shù)量增長了驚人的500%,這突然就不那么神秘了）"，畫線詞上文"Despitethefactthatlonger-

lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan'tonlymeasure"

以及后文”ofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime”可知,后文提到人們產(chǎn)生的垃圾數(shù)量眾多，說明盡管

更持久的材料會對環(huán)境和動(dòng)物造成更持久的破壞，但我們不能只通過壽命來衡量某種垃圾的嚴(yán)重

性。故畫線間意思是“嚴(yán)重性"。A.Seriousness嚴(yán)重性;B.Effect影響;C.Variety多樣;D.Quantity數(shù)

量。故選A。

3.推理孚lj斷題。根據(jù)第三段"It'snotacheaphabiteither:UKtaxpayersshelveout￡500millioninorder

tokeepourstreetsclean,andwhenyouincludeourgreenspaces,thatgoesupto￡1billion.So,it*snot

surprisingthatifcaughtfly-tippingyoucouldfacea￡20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyoudisposedof

somethingdangerous,thecourtcouldgiveyoufiveyearstoserve.（這也不是一個(gè)便宜的習(xí)慣:英國的納

稅人拿出5億英鎊來保持我們的街道清潔,如果包括我們的綠地，這個(gè)數(shù)字會上升到10億英鎊。因此,

如果被抓到亂扔垃圾，你可能會面臨2萬英鎊的罰款，甚至坐牢，如果你處理了危險(xiǎn)的東西，法院可能會

給你五年的時(shí)間，這并不奇怪）”可推知，第3段通過提供統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字而展開的。故選Ao

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中"Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthaveasimilarbiodegradingtermto

thatofabanana,buttinoraluminumcanslastupto100years;andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglass

bottles,Styrofoamcupsandplasticbags.（橙子皮和煙蒂都有類似于香蕉的生物降解能力，但錫罐和鋁罐

的生物降解能力可以長達(dá)100年;塑料瓶、玻璃瓶、泡沫塑料杯和塑料袋都可以永久保存）”以及第二

段中"Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimals

forlonger,wecan'tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,

despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrown

awayintheUKeveryday.（盡管更持久的材料會對環(huán)境和動(dòng)物造成更持久的破壞，但我們不能只通過

壽命來衡量某種垃圾的嚴(yán)重程度。例如，盡管生物降解時(shí)間相當(dāng)短，但英國每天仍有120多噸與香煙

有關(guān)的垃圾被扔掉）”結(jié)合文章主要說明了不同的垃圾，其生物降解能力不同，但我們也不能只通過壽

命來衡量某種垃圾的嚴(yán)重程度，可推知,文章最可能選自科學(xué)雜志。故選C。

3.答案：l.C;2.B;3.C;4.D

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的"Cottonbagshavebecomeameansforbrands,retailers,and

supermarketstopromoteaplanet-friendlyconcept-or,atleast,toshowthatthecompaniesareawareofthe

overuseofplasticinpackaging.（棉布包已經(jīng)成為品牌、零售商和超市宣傳保護(hù)地球觀念的一種方式

一或者至少是展現(xiàn)出這些公司已經(jīng)意識到了塑料包裝的過度使用。）”可知，這些公司提供棉布包的

本質(zhì)目的是想要標(biāo)榜他們是環(huán)保企業(yè)。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"Sofar,soearth-friendly?Notexactly.Itturnsoutthe

wholeheartedembraceofcottonbagsmayactuallyhavecreatedanewproblem.（至!］目前為止，如此環(huán)保嗎？

不盡然。事實(shí)證明，全心全意地接受棉布包可能造成一個(gè)新問題）”以及第三段中的“Anorganiccotton

bagneedstobeused20,000timestooffset（抵消）itsoverallimpactofproduction,accordingtoa2021

studybytheMinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmark』根據(jù)一份丹麥環(huán)境食品部門2021年的研

究表明，