醫(yī)用直線加速器常見故障

醫(yī)用直線加速器常見故障內(nèi)容醫(yī)用直線加速器結(jié)構(gòu)組成加速器的布局可互換的電路板控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)備狀態(tài)連鎖系統(tǒng)加速器準直器及多葉光柵系統(tǒng)以下根據(jù)Elekta和Varian加速器維修手冊醫(yī)用加速器類型用于放射治療X射線及電子線：電子直線加速器，電子回旋加速器，電子感應(yīng)加速器質(zhì)子及重離子：等時性回旋加速器，同步加速器，直線加速器用于醫(yī)學成像PET(PositronEmissionTomography)：小型回旋加速器MV成像：電子直線加速器直線加速器的布局直線加速器以數(shù)字表示區(qū)域，幫助確定組件的位置10Gantrydrum20Gantryarm30Modulator40Gantrydrummiscellaneousitems50Gantrybase60Cablesupportpost70Interfacecabinet800Patientsupportsystem90Miscellaneousitems子系統(tǒng)標識例如20GantryArm21Electrongun22Acceleratingwaveguidestructure23Bendingmagnetassembly24Flighttubedrivesystem25Collimatorassembly26BeamLimitingDevice(BLD)27Applicators不同系統(tǒng)之間的連接可互換的電路板-MTUMultiplexerTerminalUnit.DataandaddressesfromtheRMXprocessoraretransmittedtothemachinethroughtwoseriallinkcables.TheMTUreadthisinformationandifitisaddressedtoitsparticularRemoteTerminalUnit(RTU)itdecodesit,passesthedataandaddresstothebusinthecontrolareaandsendsanechoandstatusreportbacktotheprocessor.ThereisoneMTUPCBineachRTU.可互換的電路板-AI12AnalogInput12bit(totheprocessor).Convertsupto64analogchannelstoasingledigitalvalueasrequestedbytheprocessor.Thisisdonebymeansofmultiplexesandasingleanalogtodigitalconverter.Thechanneladdresssetsthemultiplexes.A10VregulatorandbufferprovidesthevoltageforthepotentiometersassociatedwiththeAI12.ThereisoneAI12PCBineachRTU.可互換的電路板-ROCRelayOutputCard.Thishasanumberofrelaysofthreetypes,someofwhicharesolidstate,thatisPNPtransistors.MostofitsinputsignalscomefromtheDIEcard,butitcanbeaddresseddirectlybytheprocessor.ThereareanumberofLEDindicatorsshowingwhichcircuitsareactiveonthePCB.ThereisoneROCPCBineachRTU.可互換的電路板-AO8AnalogOutput8bits.Analogoutputtothemachine.Convertsdigitaldatafromtheprocessortoanalogsignals.Thesecontrolmotorandcoildrivecircuits.Itisaneightchannelboardwithoutputsof+/-5V.ThereisoneAO8PCBineachcontrolarea.可互換的電路板-A12AnalogOutput12bits.Analogoutputtothemachine.Convertsdigitaldatafromtheprocessortoanalogsignalsforcontrollingpowersuppliesandcoilcurrents.Ithaseightoutputchannelswhichhaveacapabilityof0mAto10mA,thereforetheyarecurrentdrivers.Threeofthechannelscanbesoftwareconfiguredto+/-5V.Theseareusedonthecoilcircuits.ThereisoneAO12PCBineachcontrolarea.可互換的電路板-AuxiliaryPSUTheAuxiliaryPSUprovides+22VDCtotheROCboardsinthelocalarea.Two+22Voutputsareprovided:oneforlocalterminalA,andtheotherforlocalterminalB.Thereisa-320VsupplyfortheionizationchamberwhichisonlyusedfromtheRHCAviatheservicepanel(SK12-FF).Alsoprovidedaresync.pulses,attwicemainsfrequency,tothePreciseTableandmovementsinterface,andtothePPGboardintheHTCA.ThereisoneauxiliaryPSUboardineachcontrolarea,itislocatedonthepowersupplyassemblypanelforthearea.不可互換的電路板SCCSignalConditioningCardDIEDigitalInputEncoderHMEHardwareMovementsEnableDOSDostoPCBSIBServoInputBeamPSBPressureSensorBoardPPG/SIRFThenewProgrammablePulseGenerator/SignalInputRFPCBHTCHTpowersupplycontroller其余的電路板UMBTheUniversalMotordrivePCBIRCInterlockRelayCardsLVPSUControlPCBPPGSIRFMagFil/GunFilcontrolPCBDriverboard控制系統(tǒng)LCSMk2和Mk3控制柜anindustrystandarddualprocessormotherboardcomprisingtwoseparateprocessorsonasinglemotherboardcontrolprocessordisplayprocessorLinacInterfaceBoard(LIB)seriallinkisolationboardLCDdosebackupmodulemassstoragedevicesvariousPCIcardsandancillariesLCDdosebackupmoduleProvidesabatterybackedupreadoutofdelivereddosetoholdarecordofthedosedeliveredifthemainpowerfails.ProvidesstatussignalsforsixstatusLED.CarriesapplicationfaultresetandprocessorresetswitchesStatusLEDLEDLabelDescriptionPower Internalpowersupplyvoltagesareok (seepowersupplysection).Fans Allfourinternalcoolingfansareallup tospeed.InterlocksThetwoprocessoremergencyshutdown relaysarelatched.MLC CameraCameraisattachedandsupplyinga signal.RMX Real-timeoperatingsystemisloadedand supplyingawatchdogsignal.LinkEnableSeriallinkisbeingserviced.IntelliMax?IntelliMax?connectallowsasecureremotedesktopsharingsessiontobesetup.Thisenablesremotecontrolofthemachineorremoteobservationofoperationsonthemachinetomemade.ItcanfunctioninClinicalmodeorinServicemodetoenableclinicalassistancetobegivenorremoteservicediagnosticstobemade.DatacollectionandcontrolInterfaceCabinetControlArea(ICCA)Area72RadiationHeadControlArea(RHCA)Area12HT&RFControlArea(HTCA)Area16RemoteterminalunitsEachcontrolareaisbuiltaroundaPCBrackwithbusinterconnections.Itconsistsoftwoindependentterminals,AandB,eachwithitsownpowersupplies.Itfunctionsindependentlyasregardsinterlocksandsafetycircuits,knownastheRemoteTerminalUnits(RTU)SoftwareItemsandPartsItemsThecontrolsoftwaremonitorsandcontrolsthemachineviapotentiometers,switches,relays,andsupplies.ToaccomplishthisthesoftwareisorganizedintosmallpackagescalledItems.Allofthemachinemonitoringandcontrolcomponents,thatisswitches,potentiometers,relays,haveanItemassociatedwiththem.EachItemhasauniqueidentifyingnumberfrom0to599.PartsIneachoftheItems,therearemanyparameters.Theseconvertthedatavaluestoactualunits,thatisvolts,amps,anddegrees.Thereisastandardformatforthelayoutoftheseparameters,whicharecalledparts.ThesecanbeviewedwhenusingtheDisplayMachineItemcommand.MachinestatesStableStates:Themachinecanexistinonlyalimitednumberofstablestates.Eachstatedefinesthenumberofsystemswithpowerapplied.Thehigherthemachinestatethegreaterthenumberofsy