英漢翻譯技巧練習I

英漢翻譯技巧練習IPartIAnOverallIntroductionofTranslationSkills英漢兩種語言對比1．所屬語系與發(fā)展歷史英語－印歐語系漢語－漢藏語系2．語音3．語言的本質英語－綜合性語言漢語－分析性語言4．句法現(xiàn)象英漢兩種文化差異1．同一民族中亦存在文化差異：蛤蟆naughty叩手點心2．英漢文化間的差異思想觀念、心理特征龍一dragon鶴一erane表達方式、審美情趣“憤怒出詩人”—“止怒莫若詩”“十里蛙聲不斷，九溪曲流潺潺”一“Youcanhearfrog'seontinuouseryingintenmilesandeanenjoythebabblingofthewindingstreams.”3.對文化詞語和表達的處理文化詞語，指的是充滿漢語文化個性和特殊內(nèi)涵的語言。直譯法丟臉一toloseface/tobedisgraced纟紙老虎一papertiger/scarecrow騎虎難下一torideatiger/inchancery貓哭老鼠一catscryingforthedeathofrats/toshedcrocodiletears直譯加補充信息法下海鐵飯碗跳槽父母官待業(yè)青年酒囊飯袋清明節(jié)C.釋義法望子成龍和番金三角兩手抓，兩手都要硬同（近）義表達借用法得寸進尺一Givehimaninch,andhe'lltakeanell.好聚好散一Merrymeet,merrypart.貪多嚼不爛一tobiteoffmorethanonecanchew皇天不負有心人一Heavenhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.水中撈月一tofishintheair象只落湯雞一likeadrownedrat回譯法忍者神龜一NinjaTurtles畫王電視一bigscreenPanasonic米字旗一UnionJackflag中國菜館一chopsueyhouseIII常見錯誤及解決方法不要生搬硬套漢語構詞模式車、毛、魚、核、皮、桌Falsefriends（假朋友）休息室一restroom藥店一drugstore白手一white-handed食言一eatone'swords茶葉店一tea-shop蛇皮袋一snakeskinbag隱含意義的分析倔強：intractable,mulishstatesman,politician他們熱情照顧殘疾客人。Theytookgoodcareofdisabledguests.我這位朋友很健談。Myfriendisverytalkative.VI解釋性翻譯鑲補，減肥，重組EvolutionandEthicsandOtherEssays—《天演論》Honeymoon—蜜月者，西人娶婦時，即挾其游歷，經(jīng)月而返。《黑奴吁天錄》UncleTom'sCabinCashmere—御長裙，仙仙然描畫不能肖?！恫杌ㄅ稸參考字典1．《英漢大詞典》陸谷孫主編上海譯文出版社2．《漢英大辭典》吳光華主編上海交通大學出版社PartIITranslationPractice一、準確理解詞義：I根據(jù)上下文辯明詞義：Work:Heisworkinginthefactory.Heisworkingamachine.HeisworkingatEnglish.Theshipisworkingeastward.Thegearsworksmoothly.Mywatchdoesn'twork.Thescrewworkedloose.Willthesemethodswork?Theyeasthasbeguntowork.Electriccomputersworkquicklyandaccurately.Hand:Soamsshookherhandandwentdownstairs.Heneverreadabookinhislifeandstillwritesaschoolboyhand.Itwouldbeliketryingtomakethehandsofclockmovebackwardstoitsticking.Mr.Huntersuddenlyfailed,andallhandsinthemillwereturnedoff.Like:Helikesmathsmorethanphysics.Inthesunbeampassingthroughthewindowtherearefinegrainsofdustshininglikegold.Likeknowslike.Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.Last:Heisthelastmantocome.Heisthelastmantodoit.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.Heisthelastmantoconsult.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.Operate:Thehearingaidsareoperatedfrombatteries.Thedoctoroperatedonthepatientforatumor.Thefrontierforceshadtooperateagainsttheinvaders.Witholdplaster-casting,thebonetakeslongertoknitandcripplingeffectsfrommuscleinactivityresult.Thecustomhaditsspringinanothercountry.Hismotherdiedofdifficultlabour.TheAmericanshadviewedforeignpolicyasifitwereawesternmovieinwhichthecavalryappearedattheclimactericmomenttousesuperiorfirepoweronopponentswhowereusuallyofantherrace.Theelevatorgirlreadsbooksbetweenpassengers.Don'tdoyourownthing,oryouwillmeetwithfailure.II.詞義的褒貶：。詞義有輕重的不同：打破：break,crack,crush,demolish,destroy,shatter,smash閃光：shine,glitter,glare,sparkle。詞義有范圍大小與側重點不同：agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomycountry,nation,land,state,powerempty(house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words,etc.)vacant(position,room,house,seat,etc.)hollow(tree,voice,sound,cheeks,etc.)。詞義有感情色彩與語體色彩“死”toexpire,topassaway,toclose(end)one'sday,tobreatheone'slasttogowest,topaythedebtofnaturetodeparttotheworldofshadowstogiveuptheghost,tokickthebucket,tokickupone'sheelstolaydownone'sknifeandfork“懷孕”Sheishavingababy.Sheisinafamilyway.Sheisknittinglittlebooties.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheisinaninterestingcondition.。詞義的兩面性：Theenemy'sschemewentbankrupt.We'veworkedoutaperfectscheme.Heisanaggressiveandpromisingyoungman.Japanisanaggressivecountry.Hanswastooobviouslyflatteringthegentlemenbysayinghewasthemostcourageousmanhehadeverseen.Mr.Brownfeltgreatlyflatteredwhenhereceivedtheinvitationtodeliveralecture.Ill詞語搭配：Kill:Hekilledtheman.Hekilledthedog.Hekilledtimeeverydaydownatthepark.Hekilledhischancesofsuccess.Hekilledthemotionwhenitcamefromthecommittee.Hekilledhimselfbyoverwork.Hekilledthespiritofthegroup.Hekilledthreebottlesofwhiskyinaweek.Killthepeace(promise,friendship,amarriage)Heavy:RaincloudscropsfrostwinenewsroadseaheartfiresmokerbreadwireloadstormtrafficreaderBroken:Abrokenman(soldier,promise,spirit)brokenmoney(English)IV.詞義的引申：。詞義作抽象引申：Thereisamixtureofthetigerandapeinhisnature.Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.Shesailedintotheroom,Wemustkeepourpowderdry.Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.。詞義作具體引申：Doyouseeanygreeninmyeye?Thebattlefieldbecamesomethingholy.Itwasnottouched.TheGreatWallisamustformostforeignvisitorstoBeijing.WeZanziberwouldliketobuildacolouredsocietywhereallmencanhaveequalopportunity.Whataidsthereweretoenlightenlaborwereimmemorial.二、詞類轉譯：I轉譯成動詞：Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman'spastwrongdoings.Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.Theyworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.Whatisheat?JohnvotedwiththeTories.Heisamanabovevulgarinterests.Peterdrewhisknifeontherobber.Itlooksasifweareinforastorm.Ifamancouldn'twalkintoaroomandtellwhowasforhimandwhowasagainsthim,thenhewasn'tmuchofapolitician.Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.Heprovedhimselfworthyofconfidence.Heisnotveryfamiliarwithbiologicalterms.Areyoudoubtfulofhissuccess?Someinfectiousdiseasesareresponsiblefordiseasesoftheheartvalves.II轉譯成名詞：Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.Thosewhohuddledpitifullytogetherontheleftweretheold,theinfirm,theillandtheveryyoung.Stevensonwaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.TheWildefamilywerereligious.Theywereconsideredinsincere.Ill轉譯成形容詞：It'sthetruth.Suchnewswasnojokes.Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthispolicy.Gasesdifferfromsolidinthattheformerhasgreatercompressibilitythanthelatter.Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.Thesunrosethinlyfromthesea.IV其他轉譯：Hethenactedasareluctantinterpreter.Hehadthekindnesstoshowmetheway.Thisisasheernonsense.Buckleywasinaclearminority.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.三、增詞：persuasionpreparationbackwardnesstensionarrogancemadnessantagonismThecrowdsmeltedaway.Ashesatdownandbegantalking,wordspouredout.Hesankdownwithhisfaceinhishands.Marywashedforalivingafterherhusbanddiedofacutepneumonia.Towashbeforemeal.Towashaftergettingup.Towashbeforegoingtobed.Firstyouborrow,thenyoubeg.Thistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.Heisacomplicatedman—moody,mercurial,withamelancholystreak.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhisownsonguilty.NewsmenwentflyingofftoMexico.Thelionisthekingofanimals.Alltherulesofthemilitarydisciplinemustbestrictlyobserved.Oncetheyhadaquarrel.Herbgaveheraslylook.四、重復：greatcontributionsgratitudeingratitudeprosperityeternalglorytovividhesitatearrogancegrotesquecarelessinchaosstreetgossiprumoursChinaisthecradleofancientandmoderncultures.Woodcannotconductelectricity,norcanglass.Youcandotranslationworkverywell,ifyoucareto.Grammardealswiththestructureoflanguage,EnglishgrammarwiththestructureofEnglish.Weshallneedtoapplyourscientificandtechnologicalresourcestoliterallyeveryaspectofoursociety,toourcommerce,ourindustry,ourmedicine,ourtransportation.五、正反譯法：Heknewhewasmortallyill.Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.Suchachancewasdeniedme.Wecansafelysayso.Hisrefusalisnotfinal.Thisfailureisthemakingofhim.Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust.Hewas75,buthecarriedhisyearslightly.Myguessisasgoodasyours.Thedecisionistocome.Don'tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.Thesignificanceoftheseincidentswasn'tlostonus.HesawatoncethatPhilwasnotallright.TheconclusionwereachedinBritainisthatchangesimplycannotsensiblybeputoff.Letbygonesbebygones.Hastemakeswaste.Becareful!Mindmyrightarm!Shetoldme,asIdeparted,thatshe'dhatetobeinmyposition.Cease-firesintheMideasthaveanunhappyhabitofbecomingunstuck.Hetoldusofhissuccesswithundisguiseddelight.Dancinginpublicwithalotofcountrygirls!I'msurprisedthatyoucouldeventhinkofit.Washingtonmustdosomethingaboutthesituation,andsoon.六、被動態(tài)的譯法：Todaythistreasuryofsiltistrappedbehindthedam,andthereisnoeffectivedrainagesystem.YettheNilehasbeenchangedbymodernmaninwaysnotyetfullyunderstood.Incaseofnon-delivery,lettersmustbereturnedtothesenders.Thecollectionofpoemshasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.Visitorsarerequestedtoleavetheircoatsinthecloakroom.Liarsarenotbelievedevenwhentheytellthetruth.Hewaspolicedbybosses'cops.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatmatterisinconstantmotionandinconstantchange.AsrainfellintheEthiopianhighlandsandthesnowmeltedintheMountainsoftheMoon,theriverwaseverlastinglyrenewed.NorthAdelaide,whichischieflyresidential,isborderedbymoreparklands,andcontainstwoopensquares.NandSAdelaidearedividedbytheTorrensRiver,spannedbyfourbridgesandlinedwithornamentalgardens.Thetownhall'sfoundationstonewaslaidin1863.七、定語從句的譯法：I譯成定語詞組：Theincubationperiodisthetimethatelapsesbetweentheentranceofthemicroorganismandthemanifestationofthedisease.Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimliveinmortalscareofhim.Eachdaywemakedecisionsthataffectourlivesandsometimes,thelivesofothers.Brindleyhadbegunonhisaccount,outofinterest,tosurveythewaterwaysthathetraveledashewentabouthisengineeringprojectsformillsandmines.II譯成并列句Thenervoussystemconsistsofagreatnumberofnerves,whichlikethebloodvesselsextendtoallpartsofthebody.Hemanagedtoraiseacropof200miracletomatoesthatweighedupto200poundseach.Isabelwasatallgirlwiththeovalface,astraightnose,fineeyesandfullmouththatappearedtobecharacteristicsofthefamily.Thegrammarschoolslegallycouldonlyteachtheclassicalsubjectsforwhichtheyhadbeenfounded....andtheoldwaysofearningalivingrivaledbynewagriculturaltechniques,bycommercewithhithertounknownpartsoftheglobe,andbynewcraftswithstrangemachinesthatsavedlaborandthatranwithoutthetraditionalhumanoranimalpower.AndithelpstoexplainwhysomanyinventionsthatwereofChineseoriginorthathadbeenknowntotheGreco-Romans,werefullydevelopedandexploitedonlybytheWesternEuropeans.ThishopewasnurturedbythegreatvictorieswonbyGenghisKhan'sgrandson,Hulagu,whowasaBuddhist,andwhosewifewasaChristian.III溶合法Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoseethefilm.Thereisasenseinwhichmoralityandexpedienceneednotconflict.Thereareeventstakingplaceatthistimewhichdimtheirhopesandlessentheprospects.IV譯成狀語從句Hewouldhavetobeverycarefulnottooffendtheforeman,whocouldgivehimthesackatanytime.Thetask,whichseemedtobedifficult,wasalreadyaccomplishedintime.Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies.Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthatpleasedallofthem.ZhouEnlaiarrangedforexpertsfromBeijingUniversitytogiveBillMorrowsomeup-to-dateinformationhewanted.八、長句的翻譯：可調(diào)整語序、調(diào)整長度HereathomeinEngland,underthefireoftheBoche,wedonotforgetthetiesandlinksthatuniteustoFrance,andweareperseveringsteadfastlyandingoodheartinthecauseofEuropeanfreedomandfairdealingforthecommonpeopleofallcountries,forwhich,withyou,wedrewthesword.原序Theglobaleconomythatboomedinthe1960s,growingatanaverageof5.5percentayear,andpushedaheadata4.5percent-a-yearrateinthemid-1970s,simplystoppedgrowingin1981-1982.IfyoureachChicagobytrainandspendonlyanhourortwothereyouwillfeelthelightwindoffthelakewhichgivesitthename“WindyCity”.變序TheWesternerwhodevelopedafarm,openedashop,orsetupinbusinessasatrader,couldhopetoprosperonlyashisowncommunityprospered—andhiscommunityranfromtheAtlantictothePacificandfromCanadadowntoMexico.Hisfamouswill,inwhichheleftmoneytoprovideprizesforoutstandingworkinPhysics,Chemistry,Physiology,Medicine,LiteratureandPeace,isamemorialtohisinterestsandideals.Althoughexperienceddiplomatsdonotoftensharethepopularskepticismaboutinternationallaw,thereisadangerthatthepopularattitudemayaffectinexperiencedofficialsandpressuregroupswithinastate,andthatthestatemay,asaresult,bepushedintobreakinginternationallaw.拆句Amanmayusuallybeknownbythebookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeeps;forthereisacompanionshipofbooksaswellasofmen;andoneshouldalwaysliveinthebestcompany,whetheritbeofbooksorofmen.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksthisweek,letusrecognizeattheoutsetthesepoints:wehaveattimesinthepastbeenenemies.Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthesedifferences.9.Itallbeganinthemid-1850s,whenLowe'sexperimentswithballoonsledhimtobelieveintheexistenceofanupperstreamofairthatmovedinaneasterlydirection,nomatterwhatdirectionthelowercurrentsflowed.并句Wehaverainsthere,too.Thunderstormsinspringandsummeroftencomewithintensitygreatenoughtocauseflashflooding.EverychildraisedintheWestknowaboutthesedangers.Atleastthat'swhatIusedtothink.I'mnotsosureanymore.九、習語的譯法：I英漢成語比較：。比喻不同Justlikethemushroom.Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs.Lookforaneedleinahaystack.Likearatinahole.Nosmokewithoutfire.Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow.Neitherfishnorfowl.Youcannotmakeacrabwalkstraight.。風俗習慣不同DogtiredTodogone'sstepsTopdogLuckydogp」QsquoMoqso丄?sepouueQjopjomseqi$se||iqDJVp|33qeqi?上8S」oquefojieqi*gqDue」qeAi|ouy￡jueujee」6eszueujeuue6vPsede」6」nos?￡seuip」es3>|1|>pedo丄?乙e6euepiog飛去嗨EK僅IIuepioqeqeqjjoeXeeqjuisi人eeg?乙t?pujiqsi9ao-|P|odpuejoqMO|gm」ejeMeAoqepeeqsquodee>|o丄?sjbosquojsejo丄$6ui|iesuieu?上eesjenv9s>pape屮」eepo丄￡uueejjse屮屮!m06o丄pLUIMSJO>|UISO丄?￡」eAOepijo丄7sedo」e屮mou>|o丄飛回士嘗畀百田osXep」a6unoAsiqui6opepjiqesbman'll?asnoq6op8屮uisian*016epXjjipsiqj/jeq丄G6op人|」nsv*8Xepsjiseq6opXjeA^?上6op