2006高教社杯全國(guó)大學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模競(jìng)賽題目

5/62006高教社杯全國(guó)大學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模競(jìng)賽題目（請(qǐng)先閱讀

“對(duì)論文格式的統(tǒng)一要求”）D題:煤礦瓦斯和煤塵的監(jiān)測(cè)與控制煤礦安全生產(chǎn)是我國(guó)目前亟待解決的問(wèn)題之一，做好井下瓦斯和煤塵的監(jiān)測(cè)與控制是實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)（見(jiàn)附件1）。b5E2RGbCAP瓦斯是一種無(wú)毒、無(wú)色、無(wú)味的可燃?xì)怏w，其主要成分是甲烷，在礦井中它通常從煤巖裂縫中涌出。瓦斯爆炸需要三個(gè)條件：空氣中瓦斯達(dá)到一定的濃度；足夠的氧氣；一定溫度的引火源。p1EanqFDPw煤塵是在煤炭開采過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的可燃性粉塵。煤塵爆炸必須具備三個(gè)條件:煤塵本身具有爆炸性；煤塵懸浮于空氣中并達(dá)到一定的濃度；存在引爆的高溫?zé)嵩础Ｔ囼?yàn)表明，一般情況下煤塵的爆炸濃度是30～2000g/m3，而當(dāng)?shù)V井空氣中瓦斯?jié)舛仍黾訒r(shí)，會(huì)使煤塵爆炸下限降低，結(jié)果如附表1所示。DXDiTa9E3d國(guó)家《煤礦安全規(guī)程》給出了煤礦預(yù)防瓦斯爆炸的措施和操作規(guī)程，以及相應(yīng)的專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(見(jiàn)附件2)。規(guī)程要求煤礦必須安裝完善的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和瓦斯自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，所有的采煤工作面、掘進(jìn)面和回風(fēng)巷都要安裝甲烷傳感器，每個(gè)傳感器都與地面控制中心相連，當(dāng)井下瓦斯?jié)舛瘸瑯?biāo)時(shí)，控制中心將自動(dòng)切斷電源，停止采煤作業(yè)，人員撤離采煤現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。具體內(nèi)容見(jiàn)附件2的第二章和第三章。RTCrpUDGiT附圖1是有兩個(gè)采煤工作面和一個(gè)掘進(jìn)工作面的礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)示意圖，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合附表2的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，按照煤礦開采的實(shí)際情況研究下列問(wèn)題：5PCzVD7HxA（1）根據(jù)《煤礦安全規(guī)程》第一百三十三條的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(見(jiàn)附件2)，鑒別該礦是屬于“低瓦斯礦井”還是“高瓦斯礦井”。jLBHrnAILg（2）根據(jù)《煤礦安全規(guī)程》第一百六十八條的規(guī)定，并參照附表1，判斷該煤礦不安全的程度（即發(fā)生爆炸事故的可能性）有多大？xHAQX74J0X（3）為了保障安全生產(chǎn)，利用兩個(gè)可控風(fēng)門調(diào)節(jié)各采煤工作面的風(fēng)量，通過(guò)一個(gè)局部通風(fēng)機(jī)和風(fēng)筒實(shí)現(xiàn)掘進(jìn)巷的通風(fēng)（見(jiàn)下面的注）。根據(jù)附圖1所示各井巷風(fēng)量的分流情況、對(duì)各井巷中風(fēng)速的要求（見(jiàn)《煤礦安全規(guī)程》第一百零一條），以及瓦斯和煤塵等因素的影響，確定該煤礦所需要的最佳（總）通風(fēng)量，以及兩個(gè)采煤工作面所需要的風(fēng)量和局部通風(fēng)機(jī)的額定風(fēng)量（實(shí)際中，井巷可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)漏風(fēng)現(xiàn)象）。LDAYtRyKfE注掘進(jìn)巷需要安裝局部通風(fēng)機(jī)，其額定風(fēng)量一般為150~400m3/min。局部通風(fēng)機(jī)所在的巷道中至少需要有15%的余裕風(fēng)量（新鮮風(fēng)）才能保證風(fēng)在巷道中的正常流動(dòng)，否則可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)負(fù)壓導(dǎo)致乏風(fēng)逆流，即局部通風(fēng)機(jī)將乏風(fēng)吸入并送至掘進(jìn)工作面。Zzz6ZB2Ltk名詞解釋（1）采煤工作面：礦井中進(jìn)行開采的煤壁(采煤現(xiàn)場(chǎng))。（2）掘進(jìn)巷：用爆破或機(jī)械等方法開鑿出的地下巷道，用以準(zhǔn)備新的采煤區(qū)和采煤工作面。（3）掘進(jìn)工作面：掘進(jìn)巷盡頭的開掘現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。（4）新鮮風(fēng)：不含瓦斯和煤塵等有害物質(zhì)的風(fēng)流。（5）乏風(fēng)：含有一定濃度的瓦斯和煤塵等有害物質(zhì)的風(fēng)流。附表1:瓦斯?jié)舛扰c煤塵爆炸下限濃度關(guān)系空氣中瓦斯?jié)舛?%)00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54煤塵爆炸下限濃度(g/m3)30~5022.5~37.515~2510.5~17.56.5~12.54.5~7.53~52.5~3.51.5~2.5附表2:各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的風(fēng)速,瓦斯和煤塵的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)表監(jiān)測(cè)日期點(diǎn)與班次工作面Ⅰ工作面Ⅱ掘進(jìn)工作面回風(fēng)巷Ⅰ回風(fēng)巷Ⅱ總回風(fēng)巷日產(chǎn)量（t/d）風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵風(fēng)速瓦斯煤塵1早班2.40.7182.070.947.672.220.267.442.130.767.522.090.987.235.150.677.05597中班2.560.628.42.080.857.512.290.267.452.270.667.932.10.897.275.360.67.28晚班2.240.667.612.090.827.512.40.297.622.090.737.142.110.97.075.310.636.82早班2.270.627.692.080.857.72.210.237.312.080.677.332.110.97.255.140.67.06602中班2.410.637.992.130.927.742.290.267.472.230.687.732.160.987.355.390.647.22晚班2.40.667.872.10.897.852.290.227.562.210.717.312.120.937.415.320.627.033早班2.270.787.752.10.897.672.290.277.422.040.837.362.110.957.325.190.687.03639中班2.220.717.712.090.927.562.310.267.482.110.767.252.110.977.265.260.656.93晚班2.290.667.682.090.947.512.150.167.182.020.717.172.121.017.155.050.636.944早班2.310.677.672.090.967.552.210.317.282.110.717.32.1217.25.170.686.95616中班2.370.717.892.080.727.582.110.197.022.170.767.422.120.757.095.140.586.95晚班2.40.627.992.10.877.612.440.187.712.110.687.392.120.97.255.360.586.995早班2.340.617.832.110.847.772.270.287.462.080.667.42.140.897.315.210.617610中班2.430.648.12.140.87.672.360.247.552.170.697.722.160.827.285.370.587.1晚班2.270.697.642.080.997.652.210.217.341.960.757.232.111.037.15.030.656.966早班2.290.727.812.10.977.752.270.27.481.930.777.442.121.027.285.080.667.02588中班2.390.647.962.110.987.542.10.237.242.020.717.642.131.017.135.010.687.06晚班2.310.697.732.1217.462.180.227.1720.757.312.131.077.15.070.686.947早班2.360.77.812.130.777.662.210.237.352.090.747.472.160.827.415.190.67.07582中班2.40.697.952.090.847.632.290.237.542.020.747.472.120.887.245.180.627.12晚班2.520.658.232.070.947.82.240.217.552.270.717.952.070.997.395.290.647.438早班2.490.648.192.140.787.782.270.287.452.210.687.92.160.827.395.340.597.38605中班2.210.737.592.090.87.72.220.267.211.910.777.152.10.847.395.010.626.94晚班2.270.667.672.070.947.682.220.197.372.080.717.212.0917.455.130.637.019早班2.390.597.822.061.017.662.240.167.22.130.647.482.081.057.325.170.617.19585中班2.370.688.082.10.917.572.290.177.472.150.757.282.120.957.315.280.637.03晚班2.270.737.652.080.697.512.290.197.342.060.777.342.120.757.245.190.586.9410早班2.360.657.952.120.877.542.270.327.462.040.737.482.130.97.155.180.656.99620中班2.360.677.852.130.857.852.230.237.392.130.727.172.140.927.335.230.627.07晚班2.360.677.862.110.847.572.240.167.512.10.727.482.140.97.225.210.67.1611早班2.290.77.882.070.847.512.140.227.262.110.747.442.090.897.125.10.626.9616中班2.310.657.742.090.817.852.180.247.242.140.687.222.110.867.55.170.617晚班2.370.698.12.090.837.612.090.276.992.110.757.722.110.887.065.080.647.1127早班2.310.77.992.10.87.782.220.247.152.040.757.452.120.857.315.120.617.06617中班2.360.687.92.120.987.562.250.187.242.150.747.472.151.037.215.260.647.04晚班2.310.727.92.10.857.592.140.287.222.040.777.512.110.97.355.060.667.1228早班2.410.77.982.120.897.752.090.27.132.140.737.512.140.947.465.110.637.18605中班2.250.77.822.090.917.722.340.147.6120.767.572.120.957.265.190.67晚班2.220.687.582.110.827.692.220.197.1320.757.192.140.877.375.110.616.9529早班2.40.688.172.0717.572.140.297.142.130.737.52.11.067.235.10.716.94586中班2.60.618.422.120.687.742.170.217.082.350.658.142.150.747.255.360.547.34晚班2.340.737.882.110.767.592.270.37.2620.787.242.130.827.065.140.636.9230早班2.310.627.912.10.987.642.230.27.212.170.687.492.131.037.235.230.656.97620中班2.370.638.052.110.827.542.240.247.332.130.687.542.130.8675.230.66.98晚班2.40.727.92.110.857.542.110.267.262.150.787.652.130.887.185.110.667.29[注]瓦斯的濃度：%，即體積百分比；煤塵的單位：g/m3；風(fēng)速的單位：m/s；日產(chǎn)量的單位：t/d。采煤工作面Ⅱ掘進(jìn)工作面局部通風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)筒待采煤層總回風(fēng)巷回風(fēng)巷II主巷道進(jìn)風(fēng)巷II采煤工作面Ⅱ掘進(jìn)工作面局部通風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)筒待采煤層總回風(fēng)巷回風(fēng)巷II主巷道進(jìn)風(fēng)巷II掘進(jìn)巷道放大示意圖待采煤層待采煤層回風(fēng)巷I圖例局部通風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)門新鮮風(fēng)流（進(jìn)風(fēng)）乏風(fēng)流（回風(fēng)）掘進(jìn)工作面