第13講-閱讀理解之6選5(二)

第十三講閱讀理解之六選五(二)【考點說明】六選五是自主招生英語閱讀理解中的新題型,也是近幾年華約聯(lián)盟中的常考題型。該題型突破了傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解讀文章選正確選項(四選一)的做法,而是在一篇文章中挖去五個句子，然后給出六個選項，考生要選出正確的選項填在原文的空白處,使之成為完整通順的語篇。這類題目對考生閱讀能力提出了很高的要求，考生要對全文有一個整體細致的把握才能選出答案。較之詞匯語法題，該題型沒有過分地強調(diào)詞匯量，而是更側(cè)重于考查對文章的主要內(nèi)容和通篇的邏輯關系的把握，掌握一定的解題方法與技巧是攻破這類題目的關鍵?！绢}型特點分析】該題型突破了傳統(tǒng)高考閱讀題目選正確選項（四選一）和選標題的形式，并在其基礎上進行了創(chuàng)新，既綜合了他們的特點又有自己獨特的命題形式。如果能對該題型有一個很好的把握與認識并掌握一定的解題方法與技巧，便可輕而易舉的將此題拿下，將其變成提分題目。解答該題型的關鍵在于巧用文章脈絡的發(fā)展規(guī)律及通篇的邏輯銜接規(guī)則。根據(jù)文章的行文特點，這里主張采用：（1）擬小標題法：應對篇章內(nèi)容過渡明顯，層次清晰的題目側(cè)重于考查對文章脈絡的把握（2）標關鍵詞法：應對篇章內(nèi)容注重細節(jié)，話題發(fā)展緩慢的題目側(cè)重考查對文章邏輯關系的把握（3）綜合法：應對篇章內(nèi)容兼有（1）和（2）的特點側(cè)重于考查綜合閱讀能力上一講詳細介紹了擬小標題法及標關鍵詞法，這一講將從運用的角度將兩種方法結(jié)合運用，穿插在整個解題的過程中，也就是知識整合的一個過程?！窘忸}技巧】方法回顧(一)擬小標題法定義：給每個選項擬一個小標題。在閱讀文章的時候，對照每個選項的小標題，并按照文章發(fā)展的脈絡將恰當?shù)男祟}對應的序號填到空白處。解題步驟：（1）閱讀選項，擬小標題，并將其標在選項旁邊（2）閱讀文章，對照小標題，邊讀邊選（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。注意問題：（1）先看選項，后讀文章，帶著小標題閱讀文章。（2）邊讀邊選，切勿讀完文章選答案，浪費時間（3）最后通讀，對比類似選項，確定最終答案。（二）標關鍵詞法定義：閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞。在閱讀文章的時候，定位主題詞及重現(xiàn)詞，解析銜接詞解題步驟：（1）閱讀選項，用不同的符號標出關鍵詞，做到心中有數(shù)（2）閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主題、銜接、復現(xiàn)等角度選取答案。（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。注意問題：（1）每類關鍵詞不限于一個，可以有兩個或多個；也不一定要有，可以是0個。（2）閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主題、銜接、復現(xiàn)等角度選取答案。（3）選完答案后要通讀全文，檢查答案，不可擱置不管。（注：老師要讓學生自己回顧這兩種方法的定義，解題步驟及注意問題；另外，對關鍵詞的理解也要進行進一步的消化和深化。）二．方法綜合與深化之前提出擬小標題法和標關鍵詞法意在為考生提供一個做題的思路，也有意地將做題過程分解開且步驟化，這是為了讓考生熟悉一種答題方法，并將這種方法融入到自己的做題習慣中，但最終的目的是將各種方法融會貫通，答題時靈活應變。（這就像學健美操，先學上身動作，再學下身動作，最后實現(xiàn)手腳并用）。本講就會實現(xiàn)這樣一個綜合與深化。（三）綜合法1.定義：將擬小標題法和標關鍵詞法綜合運用，獲得每個選項最有意義的信息?？梢钥偨Y(jié)為以下公式：綜合法＝擬含有主題詞的小標題（較簡化）+最給力的關鍵詞2．解題步驟：（1）閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）（2）閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案。（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。3．注意問題：（1）小標題與關鍵詞要配合使用，有些題目單靠一種方法找不到答案，在共同作用下反而事半功倍，但并不是說一定要有關鍵詞；要是有，就要有一定意義。（2）多留意每個空白所在段落的主題句，所選句子要與之主旨相吻合。（3）答題不分先后順序，先選確定選項，后采用排除法排除干擾選項。（4）對選項中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字（時間，距離等），專有名詞（地點，人名等）出現(xiàn)的位置及其作用多加留意?！镜淅v】Horrorstoriesaboutthefoodindustryhavelongbeenwithus–eversince1906,whenUptonSinclair’slandmarknovelTheJungletoldsomeuglytruthsabouthowAmericaproducesitsmeat．Inthecenturythatfollowed,thingsgotmuchbetter,andinsomewaysmuchworse．TheU.S．a(chǎn)griculturalindustrycannowproduceunlimitedquantitiesofmeatandgrainsatremarkablycheapprices．Butitdoessoatahighcosttotheenvironment,animalsandhumans．1.Addtothepricetagtheaccelerationofglobalwarming–ourenergy-intensivefoodsystemuses19%ofU.S．fossilfuels,morethananyothersectoroftheeconomy．Andperhapsworstofall,ourfoodisincreasinglybadforus,evendangerous．2．Afoodsystemthatgeneratescheap,fillingfoodattheexpenseofhealthierproduceisalsoamajorcauseofAmerica’swidespreadobesity．Atatimewhenthenationisclosetoacivilwaroverhealth-carereform,obesityadds$147billionayeartoourdoctorbills．“Thewaywefarmnowisdestructiveofthesoil,theenvironmentandus,”saysDougGurian-Sherman,aseniorscientistwiththefoodandenvironmentprogramattheUnionofConcernedScientists．3．FilmdocumentarieslikethehighlycriticalFoodInc．a(chǎn)ndtheworkofinvestigativejournalistslikeEricSchlosserandMichaelPollanarerepeatingSinclair’swork,awakeningasleepingpublictotheuncomfortablerealitiesofhowweeat．Changeisalsocomingfromtheverytop．FirstLadyMichelleObama’sWhiteHousegardenhassofaryieldedmorethan225lboforganicproduce–andtonsofpowerfulsymbolism．4．Sustainablefoodisalsomoreexpensivethanconventionalfoodandhardertofind．AndwhilelargecompanieslikeGeneralMillshaveopenedorganicdivisions,thereisworrythattheverydefinitionofsustainabilitywillbeusedbythosecompaniesonlyfortheirowngood．Butwecan’taffordtoremaininphilosophizingaboutfood．Withtheexhaustionofthesoil,theimpactofglobalwarmingandtheinevitablyrisingpriceofoil–whichwillaffecteverythingfromfertilizertosupermarketelectricitybills–ourindustrialstyleoffoodproductionwillendsoonerorlater．5．UnlessAmericansradicallyrethinkthewaytheygrowandconsumefood,theyfaceafutureofdamagedfarmland,emptied-outcountryside,terrifyinggerms,higherhealthcosts–andtastelessdiet．Sustainablefoodhasanélitistreputation,buteachofusdependsonthesoil,animalsandplants–andaseveryfarmerknows,ifyoudon’ttakecareofyourland,itcan’ttakecareofyou．(五校聯(lián)考,2010)SomeAmericansarepayingattentiontosuchwarningsandworkingtotransformthewaythecountryeats–farmerswhoareraisingsustainablefoodinwaysthatdon’tbankrupttheearth．B．Aseriesofrecallsinvolvingpollutedfoodsthisyear–includingacaseofsalmonellapoisoningfromtaintedpeanutsthatkilledatleasteightpeopleandsickened600–hasconsumersrightlyworriedaboutthesafetyoftheirmeals．C．But,despiteincreasingpublicawareness,sustainableagricultureremainsatinyenterprise:accordingtothemostrecentdatafromtheU.S．DepartmentofAgriculture,lessthan1%ofAmericancroplandisfarmedorganically．D．Andwhentherainscome,theexcessfertilizerthathelpedtotakesomuchcornoutofthegroundwillbewashedintotheMississippiRiveranddownintotheGulfofMexico,whereitwillhelpkillfishformilesandmilesaround．E．Thosehiddenpricesarethegradualdamageofourrichfarmland,cagesforegg-layingchickenssopackedthatthebirdscan’tevenraisetheirwingsandthehorribleriseofantibiotic-resistantbacteriaamongfarmanimals．F．Asthedevelopingworldgrowsricher,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewillwanttoshifttothesamecalorie-heavy,protein-richdietthathasmadeAmericanssounhealthy–demandformeatandpoultryworldwideissettorise25%by2015–buttheearthcannolongerdeliver．【答案】EBACF【解析】本篇文章主要是關于食品工業(yè)發(fā)展付出的代價，即給環(huán)境、動物和人類帶來的危險，最后提議美國人重新思考獲得和消耗食品的方式，可持續(xù)的食品成為追求的目標，人和土地要和平友好相處，才是正途。解答本題目的關鍵在于緊跟作者的思路，了解文章整體的發(fā)展脈絡，抓住一些有助于推測答案的關鍵詞?！窘忸}步驟】：（1）閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）A．SomeAmericansarepayingattentiontosuchwarningsandworkingtotransformthewaythecountryeats–farmerswhoareraisingsustainablefoodinwaysthatdon’tbankrupttheearth．小標題：轉(zhuǎn)變所吃食物的類型關鍵詞：suchwarnings，要解決其指代B．Aseriesofrecallsinvolvingpollutedfoodsthisyear–includingacaseofsalmonellapoisoningfromtaintedpeanutsthatkilledatleasteightpeopleandsickened600–hasconsumersrightlyworriedaboutthesafetyoftheirmeals．小標題：有毒食物引起恐慌C．But,despiteincreasingpublicawareness,sustainableagricultureremainsatinyenterprise:accordingtothemostrecentdatafromtheU.S．DepartmentofAgriculture,lessthan1%ofAmericancroplandisfarmedorganically．小標題：可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)仍然比重小關鍵詞：But,despite，要滿足讓步關系D．Andwhentherainscome,theexcessfertilizerthathelpedtotakesomuchcornoutofthegroundwillbewashedintotheMississippiRiveranddownintotheGulfofMexico,whereitwillhelpkillfishformilesandmilesaround．小標題：雨水會使化肥殺死海洋生物關鍵詞：And，要滿足并列遞進關系E．Thosehiddenpricesarethegradualdamageofourrichfarmland,cagesforegg-layingchickenssopackedthatthebirdscan’tevenraisetheirwingsandthehorribleriseofantibiotic-resistantbacteriaamongfarmanimals．小標題：隱藏的代價包括的內(nèi)容關鍵詞：Thosehiddenprices解決“是誰的隱藏代價”F．Asthedevelopingworldgrowsricher,hundredsofmillionsofpeoplewillwanttoshifttothesamecalorie-heavy,protein-richdietthathasmadeAmericanssounhealthy–demandformeatandpoultryworldwideissettorise25%by2015–buttheearthcannolongerdeliver．小標題：發(fā)展中國家飲食也向高熱量，高蛋白轉(zhuǎn)換，大地將不能承受。（2）閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案。1.第一空出現(xiàn)在第一自然段，對照選項可以從第一空前的“soatahighcosttotheenvironment,animalsandhumans”，推斷出E。cost=price。2.第二空出現(xiàn)在第二自然段，緊跟主題句，那么這里要填的這句話很可能是輔助論證主題句的，主題句談到了現(xiàn)在食品的危險性，但對照選項后，不難選出B，符合情景語境。3.第三空出現(xiàn)在第三自然段的開頭。要承上啟下，第二段主要講了食品安全問題，緊接著這段講了Howtoeat這樣一個思考，對照選項，A完全符合。4.第四空出現(xiàn)在第三自然段，其前一句“FirstLadyMichelleObama’sWhiteHousegardenhassofaryieldedmorethan225lboforganicproduce–andtonsofpowerfulsymbolism”表現(xiàn)了人們的覺醒，且很成功的例子，對照選項C、D、F，C項符合語境，這里也就解釋了讓步關系的原因。5.第五空出現(xiàn)在最后一個自然段，現(xiàn)在只剩下D、F兩個選項，前一句提到“ourindustrialstyleoffoodproductionwillendsoonerorlater”，如果我們選F就進一步解釋了為什么食品生產(chǎn)的工業(yè)化方式會結(jié)束，buttheearthcannolongerdeliver與之呼應。通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。例題后的技巧總結(jié)：重點分析空白處前一句和后一句的信息點和其與空白處的關聯(lián)點要先分析選項，后閱讀文章，邊讀邊選，確定空白處所缺內(nèi)容,根據(jù)上下文的邏輯銜接關系便可選出答案善用排除法，先填確定選項，對比疑惑選項，排除干擾選項。善于總結(jié)小標題；能夠準確的抓住大義；善于尋找關鍵詞，培養(yǎng)對關鍵詞的敏感度。耐心沉著，認真審題，從容作答?！菊骖}模擬題訓練】模擬題AAdvancenoticeisoftenreferredtoinAmericaas"leadtime,"anexpressionwhichissignificantinaculturewhereschedulesareimportant.Whileitislearnedinformally,mostofusarefamiliarwithhowitworksinourownculture,eventhoughwecannotstatetherulestechnically.1Atthemosttheyareknownbyexperiencetothosewholivedabroadforsometime.Yetthinkhowimportantitistoknowhowmuchtimeisrequiredtopreparepeople,orforthemtopreparethemselves,forthingstocome.Sometimesleadtimewouldseemtobeveryextended.Atothertimes,intheMiddleEast,anyperiodlongerthanaweekmaybetoolong.2Afterwhatseemedtohimasuitableperiodheletitbeknownthathewouldliketocallontheministerwhowashiscounterpart.Forvariousreasons,thesuggestedtimewasnotsuitable;allsortsofcuescamebacktotheeffectthatthetimewasnotyetripetovisittheminister.Ourfriend,however,persistedandforcedanappointment,whichwasreluctantlygranted.Arrivingalittlebeforethehour(theAmericanrespectpattern),hewaited.Thehourcameandpassed;fiveminutes-tenminutes-fifteenminutes.Atthispointhesuggestedtothesecretarythatperhapstheministerdidnotknowhewaswaitingintheouteroffice.3Twentyminutestwenty-fiveminutesthirtyminutesforty-fiveminutes(theinsultperiod)!Hejumpedupandtoldthesecretarythathehadbeen"coolinghisheels"inanouterofficeforforty-fiveminutesandhewas"damnedsickandtired"ofthistypeoftreatment.Thismessagewasrelayedtotheminister,whosaid,ineffect,"Lethimcoolhisheels."Theattache'sstayinthecountrywasnotahappyone.Theprincipalsourceofmisunderstandinglayinthefactthatinthecountryinquestionthefive-minutedelayintervalwasnotsignificant.Forty-fiveminutes,ontheotherhand,insteadofbeingatthetailendofthewaitingscale,wasjustbarelyatthebeginning.TosuggesttoanAmerican'ssecretarythatperhapsherbossdidn'tknowyouwerethereafterwaitingsixtysecondswouldseemabsurd,aswouldraiseastormabout"coolingyourheels"forfiveminutes.4Hefelt,asusual,thatAmericanswerebeingtotallyunreasonable.Throughoutthisunfortunateepisodetheattachewasactingaccordingtothewayhehadbeenbroughtup.5Yetevenifhehadbeentoldbeforehelefthomethatthissortofthingwouldhappen,hewouldhavehaddifficultynotfeelinginsultedafterhehadbeenkeptwaitingforforty-fiveminutes.If,ontheotherhand,hehadbeentaughtthedetailsofthelocaltimesystemjustashewouldhavebeentaughtthelocalspokenlanguage,itwouldhavebeenpossibleforhimtoadjusthimselfaccordingly.HowtroublesomedifferingwaysofhandlingtimecanbeiswellillustratedbythecaseofanAmericanagriculturalistassignedtodutyasanattacheofourembassyinaLatincountry.Deeplyinsultedwithin,hefeltmistreated,andthenprotestedvigorously,throwingallthedignityhehadassumedaway.C. AthomeintheUnitedStateshisresponseswouldhavebeennormalonesandhisbehaviorcorrect.D. Therulesforleadtimeinothercultures,however,haverarelybeenanalyzed.E. YetthisispreciselythewaytheministerregisteredthecomplaintsoftheAmericaninhisouteroffice!F. Thisgavehimthefeelinghehaddonesomethingconcreteandalsohelpedtoovercomethegreatanxietythatwasstirringinsidehim.解題步驟：解題步驟：閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）各選項的總結(jié)：閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。（注：這里這個方框目的在于幫學生理順做題思路，小標題的擬定老師考評就可以，沒有固定答案）Keys:1.D[解析]此句連接前后兩句。后句中的代詞they指此句中的therulesforleadtime。2.A[解析]此句是后面內(nèi)容的主題句。3.F[解析]此句中的代詞this指代上句話內(nèi)容“他暗示秘書：也許部長尚不知曉他在外面等候”這一舉動。提醒秘書后，他覺得自己總算做了點事，同時內(nèi)心的焦慮似乎也緩和了些。4.E[解析]此句中的代詞this指上句話中的raisingastormabout"coolingyourheels"forfiveminutes.5.C[解析]athome與下句中的lefthome相呼應。BWinter'sharshweather,shorterhoursofdaylightandfamilydemandscanallaggravatefeelingsofstress.AccordingtoDrPaulRosch,presidentoftheAmericanInstituteofStress,oneMidwesternheadacheclinicreportedthatcomplaintsoftensionandmigraineheadachesincreased40percentfromThanksgivingtoChristmas,comparedwithothersixweekperiodsduringtheyear.Manyphysiciansarenowtrainedintechniquestorelievetensionandstress.ButwhichSixinall,theyare:Soothewithfood.WhennutritionalbiochemistJudithWurtmanisstressedout,shedoeswhatalotofpeopledothistimeofyear:shereachesforfood.Butinhercase,it'sahealthyricecakeortwo.1Runfromyourproblem.DrKennethH.Cooperhandleshisownstresswithadailyafterworkrun.2Checkyourperspective.DrivinginforabusydayasaMayoClinicstress-managementup,"recallsTaylor,whothentriedhisquickstress-bustingstrategy.Heaskedhimself,isthisamatteroflifeordeath?No.Theoilcouldsafelybechangedthenextweek.3Looktothelightside.Onhiswaytothehospitalwherehisfatherwastoundergosurgery,authorandeducatorJoelGoodmansharedahotelcourtesyvanwiththeanxiousrelativesofseveralpatients.Thedriverbegantellinghisstressed-outpassengersafewjokes."Thenhedidsomemagictricksthathadmymotherandmelaughing,"Goodmansays."Inthatfive-minuteridehetaughtusthathumorcanrelieveourstress."Thesurgerywassuccessful.4Takeatimeout.Amajorcauseofanxietyisanoverloadedschedule.It'sonesourceofstressyoucanwardoffbypreparingahead.5Sayalittleprayer.PsychologistandmedicalscientistJoanBprysenkoofBoulder,Colo.,maintainsthatsincemostpeoplespendtoomuchtimeagonizingoverthepastorworryingaboutthefuture,thekeytolesseningstressislearninghowtoliveemotionallyinthepresent."Ithelpstohavesomeritualtodothis,"saysBorysenko.Forherthemostrelaxingritualisasnoradrenalineandadrenaline.Butremember,saysBorysenko,doctorscan'tturnontheirpatients'"internalhealingsystem".Thatinnerclaimisuptoyou.Soyou'resickofstress,healthyself.Williamscountshimselfamongthe20percentofadultswhosesusceptibilitytoangerishighenoughtothreatentheirhealth.Buteveryonecantryhisapproachtohandlingthestressorsthatsetangeroff—anditneedn'tbeinaworkenvironment."Aerobicexerciseisthebestwaytodissipatestressandmakethetransitionintofamilypatientstobesuretowalktheirdogeveryday,"hesayswithachuckle,"eveniftheydon'thaveone.""Myresearchsuggeststhatcarbohydratesraiselevelsofthemood-regulatingbrainchemicalserotonin,whichexertsacalmingeffectontheentirebody,"saystheM.I.Tresearch36scientist."Sosymptomsofstress--suchasanger,tension,irritabilityandinabilitytoconcentrate--areeased."Hetellspatientstodoonlythosetasksthatwouldhaveseriousconsequencesifleftundone."Willyoudieifyoudon'tdothelaundry?"heasks.Takingatleasthalfanhouradaytodosomethingyouenjoy,henotes,letsyourechargeyourbatteries.Especiallyaroundtheholidays,skipsomeroutinechorestomaketimeforfamilyandfriends.WhencardiologistRayRosenmanwasassociatechiefofmedicineatSanFrancisco'sMountZionHospital,hewouldblockoffhalfanhouradayonhisschedule."Ifanemergencycameup,Imovedpatientsintothatslot,"saysRosenman,co-authorofTypeABehaviorandYourHeart."Orusedthathalf-hourtoreturncallsorgothroughmymail.Youcan'tcontroleverything,butyoucancontrolyourscheduletocreatesomebreathingspaceforyourself."Hewassomovedbyhisexperiencethatheresearchedlaughter'spower."Agoodlaughrelaxesmuscles,lowersbloodpressure,suppressesstress-relatedhormonesandenhancestheimmunesystem,"hesays,Inhisworkshopshetellsclientstoaskthemselveshowtheirfavoritecomedianwouldseethisstressfulsituation.解題步驟：閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）各選項的總結(jié)：閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。（注：這里這個方框目的在于幫學生理順做題思路，小標題的擬定老師考評就可以，沒有固定答案）Keys:C[解析]本題的選擇可以至少從以下三個角度考慮。其一，從本語段話題概念來看，選項中的“carbohydrates(碳水化合物)”與原文中的“food”等構(gòu)成了篇章的詞匯銜接關系。其二，從論點和論據(jù)的論證關系來看，本論據(jù)說明的就是食物對于緩解壓力的作用。其三，注意本段中上下義詞的關系分析。B[解析]本題的選擇可以至少從以下三個角度考慮。其一，從本語段話題概念來看，選項中的“aerobicexercise”與原文中的“run”等構(gòu)成了篇章的詞匯銜接關系。其二，從論點和論據(jù)的論證關系來看，本論據(jù)說明的就是鍛煉對于緩解壓力的功能。其三，注意本語段“鍛煉”概念在原文的表達方式分析。D[解析]本題的選擇可以至少從以下三個角度考慮。其一，從本語段話題角度來看，歸納本選項中的內(nèi)容，不難看出寫作的主要目的是為了說明調(diào)整看待問題角度的好處。其二，注意作者在本語段的寫作中大量使用了疑問句，分析其在段落中的功能或作者表達的深層含義。其三，本語段與原文的已知部分共同作為論據(jù)支持了該段標題的論點。F[解析]本題的選擇可以至少從以下三個角度考慮。其一，從本語段話題概念來看，選項中的“l(fā)aughter”，“comedian”與原文中的“thelightside”，“joke”等構(gòu)成了篇章的詞匯銜接關系。其二，從論點和論據(jù)的論證關系來看，本論據(jù)闡明了輕松看待問題的效果。其三，注意分析本語段中“幽默”概念的相關表達。E[解析]本題的選擇可以至少從以下三個角度考慮。其一，從本語段話題角度來看，選項中的“somebreathingspace”與原文中的“atimeout”等構(gòu)成了篇章的詞匯銜接關系。其二，從論點和論據(jù)的論證關系來看，本論據(jù)說明的就是留給自己休息時間對減輕壓力的重要性。其三，注意分析各個發(fā)展段落與全文第一、二自然段之間內(nèi)在的、分析性的思維關系。CAlthoughtheglobalrecessionisseriousanditsdurationisuncertain,theworldmustneverthelesscontinuetofocusonthefar-reachingthreatofclimatechange.Indeed,ifwearesmart,publicpolicycanservethetwingoalsofstimulatinggrowthandfightingglobalwarming.GovernmentshammeringoutasuccessoragreementtotheKyotoProtocolattheUnitedNationsclimateconferenceinCopenhagenlaterthisyearshouldadoptstrongincentivestocutgreenhouse-gasemissions.1Thebroadoutlinesofaneffectiveandefficientresponsetoglobalwarminghavebeenclearforyears.AsystemtocapCO2emissionsandtradeemissionallowanceswouldchannelresourcestowardthemostcost-effectivereductionmeasures.Andwidespreadadoptionofefficiencystandardsforappliances,vehicles,andbuildingswouldhelpcompaniesandindividualsuselessenergy.2Whilethatremainstheultimategoal,ithassofarprovenverycomplextoformulate.Apossiblestepping-stonewouldbeagreementsbetweensmallergroupsofpivotalcountriestocapemissionsfromindividualhigh-emittingsectorsoftheireconomies.3Sectorstofocusonincludepowergeneration,whichaccountsforabout35%ofglobalCO2emissions,andproductionofcement,chemicalsandsteel.Involvingalimitednumberofthemostimportantcountrieswouldfacilitateacompromise.Suchdealswouldeaseconcernincompetitiveglobalindustriesthatstrictemissionrulesinoneregionwouldputcompaniesatadisadvantagerelativetorivalsincountrieswithlessstrictpolicies.ClimatenegotiatorsshouldalsogiveCO2captureandstorage(CCS)highpriority.Whileincreaseduseofrenewableandnuclearenergywillhelpreduceemissions,bythemselvestheywillnotbeabletokeepupwithfast-growingenergydemand.4PolicymakersshouldpromoteCCSinseveralways.First,theymustputapriceonCO2emissions.Theycoulddosobycappingemissionsandcreatingamarketwherecompaniescanbuyandsellemissionallowances,asintheEuropeanEmissionsTradingScheme.Second,CCSneedstoberecognizedwithintheKyotoProtocol'sCleanDevelopmentMechanism,throughwhichdevelopedcountriescaninvestinemission-reductionprojectsindevelopingcountries. Finally,governmentsshouldstimulatethedevelopmentandcommercialdemonstrationoftechnologiesthatholdpromiseforalow-carbonenergyfuture.5Nooneknowsiftheeconomiccrisiswilllastmonthsoryears.ButagoodoutcomeinCopenhagenwillservetheworldfordecadestocomebysparkinggrowthandtakingstepstocontrolgreenhouse-gasemissions.A. Doingsocouldkick-startprivateinvestmentandhelptofueleconomicrecovery.B. Suchadealcouldincludemechanismsfortransferringclean-coaltechnologyfromdevelopedcountriestodevelopingones.Thedramaticdropinenergypricesinrecentmonthsmakesitlesslikelythatprivateinvestorswillgambleonunproventechnologies. Suchagreementscouldbeimportantbuildingblocksforabroaderdeal.E. Fossilfuels,likeitornot,willremaintheworld'smainsourceofenergyfordecades.F. Untilnow,negotiatorshaveaimedforaglobaldealpalatabletodevelopedanddevelopingcountriesalike.解題步驟：閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）各選項的總結(jié)：閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。（注：這里這個方框目的在于幫學生理順做題思路，小標題的擬定老師考評就可以，沒有固定答案）Keys:A[解析]文章的第一段講到盡管現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟不景氣，但我們必須繼續(xù)關注環(huán)境的變化，如果我們夠智慧的話，通過一些政策可以取得雙贏。文章第二段繼續(xù)此觀點，指出各國政府在哥本哈根氣候會議上繼承了《京都協(xié)定》的主張，即我們應當采取強有力的刺激手段以減少造成溫室效應氣體的排放。選項A的意思是“這樣做我們才能夠啟動個人投資并且有助于經(jīng)濟的復蘇”，在意義上和語境較吻合。F[解析]上文提到了控制二氧化碳排放的制度以及采取一系列標準有助于企業(yè)和個人減少能源消耗。選項F的意思是“到目前，談判者力爭達成一個全球協(xié)議，不僅適用于發(fā)達國家，而且適用于發(fā)展中國家”。接下來一句承接第一句，表示這個終極目標的實現(xiàn)絕非輕而易舉之事。D[解析]此空前一句提到“達到目的的關鍵是少數(shù)重要國家同意限制其經(jīng)濟中高排放部分的碳的排放”。選項D顯然起到承接作用，“這些協(xié)議是達成最終協(xié)議的關鍵”。E[解析]此段講到環(huán)境談判者也應該高度注意碳的捕獲和存儲，雖然新能源和原子能源能夠減少碳的排放，但其本身并不能滿足我們對能源的需求。選項E顯然符合語境，表示“不管喜歡與否，化石燃料在未來幾十年間仍然是最主要的能源”。C[解析]此段開始作者講到政府應該刺激那些能夠降低碳排放的技術的開發(fā)和商業(yè)展示，選項C解釋了為什么，即“最近幾個月能源價格的急劇下降使得私人在未知技術上的冒險投資變得更加不可能”。DAllofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear;sometimesasshortastwenty-fourhours.1Ispeak,ofcourse,offreemenwhohaveachoice,notcondemnedcriminalswhosesphereofactivitiesisstrictlydelimited.Suchstoriessetusthinking,wonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,whatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings?Whathappinessshouldwefindinreviewingthepast?Andwhatregrets?2Suchanattitudewouldemphasizesharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithagentleness,avigor,andakeennessofappreciationwhichareoftenlostwhentimestretchesbeforeusintheconstantpanoramaofmoredaysandmonthsandyearstocome.Therearethose,ofcourse,whowouldadopttheEpicureanmottoof"Eat,drink,andbemerry",butmostpeoplewouldbechastenedbythecertaintyofimpendingdeath.Instoriesthedoomedheroisusuallysavedatthelastminutebysomestrokeofthemeaningoflifeanditspermanentspiritualvalues.Ithasoftenbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.Mostofus,however,takelifeforgranted.3Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.Thesamelethargy,Iamafraid,characterizestheuseofallourfacultiesandsenses.4Butthosewhohaveneversufferedimpairmentofsightorhearingseldommakethefullestuseoftheseblessedfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsoundshazily,withoutconcentrationandwithlittleappreciation.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.NowandthenIhavetestedmyseeingfriendstodiscoverwhattheysee.RecentlyIwasvisitedbyaverygoodfriendswhohadjustreturnedfromalongwalkinthewoods,andIaskedherwhatshehadobserved."Nothinginparticular,"shereplied.5Howwasitpossible,Iaskedmyself,towalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthyofnote?Iwhocannotseefindhundredsofthingstointerestmethroughmeretouch.Ifeelthedelicatesymmetryofaleaf.Ipassmyhandslovinglyaboutthesmoothskinofasilverbirch,ortherough,shaggybarkofapine.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Itishuman,perhaps,toappreciatelittlethatwhichwehaveandtolongforthatwhichwehavenot,butitisagreatpitythatintheworldoflightthegiftofsightisusedonlyasamereconveniencesratherthanasameansofaddingfullnesstolife.Butalwayswewereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.D.SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.E.Onlythedeafappreciatehearing,onlytheblindrealizethemanifoldblessingsthatlieinsight.Particularlydoesthisobservationapplytothosewhohavelostsightandhearinginadultlife?F.ImighthavebeenincreduloushadInotbeenaccustomedtosuchresponses,forlongagoIbecameconvincedthattheseeingseelittle.解題步驟：（1）閱讀選項，標出關鍵詞，就關鍵詞中的主題詞擬小標題（盡可能一目了然）各選項的總結(jié)：（2）閱讀文章，對照各選項，從主要內(nèi)容、詞匯銜接和復現(xiàn)等角度考慮選取答案（3）通讀全文，檢查答案，在必要的地方做出調(diào)整。（注：這里這個方框目的在于幫學生理順做題思路，小標題的擬定老師考評就可以，沒有固定答案）【keys】C[解析]文章開始講到“我們大家都讀過一些令人激動的故事，這些故事里的主人公僅僅活在有限并且特定的時間內(nèi)，有時長達一年，有時短到24小時”。然后作者話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，講到“但我們總是有興趣發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些命中注定要死的人如何度過他的最后幾天或者幾個小時”。但作者關注的不是這些人，而是“那些有選擇自由的人”。因此，選擇C。D[解析]此空后面講到“這種態(tài)度鮮明地強調(diào)了生命的價值”。這種態(tài)度便是指“過好每一天是個非常好的習慣，似乎我們明天就會死去”。因此選擇D。A[解析]該段開始講到“但是．我們大多數(shù)人把生活認為是理所當然的”。此空后面也講到“日子在無窮的展望中延展著，于是我們干著瑣碎的事情，幾乎意識不到我們對生活的倦怠態(tài)度”。因此只有選項A符合文義：“我們知道，某一天我們一定會死，但通常我們把那天想象在遙遠的將來。當我們心寬體健時，死亡幾乎是不可想象的，我們很少想到它”。E[解析]此空后面講到“而那些從沒有遭受視覺或聽覺缺陷之苦的人卻很少充分利用這些天賜的官能”。顯然空缺中內(nèi)容與之相對，講那些失去視覺或聽覺的人，所以選擇選項E:“只有聾子才珍惜聽力，唯有瞎子才體會到能看見事物的種種幸福，這種結(jié)論特別適合于那些在成年階段失去視力和聽力的人們”。F[解析]該段講到“我的一個很好的朋友來看我，她剛從一片森林里散步許久回來，我問她看到了什么，她答道：‘沒什么特別的”’。顯然，作者對朋友的回答很驚訝，但“如果我不是習慣了聽到這種回答，我可能都不相信，因為很久以來我已確信這個情況：能看得見的人卻看不到什么”。因此選擇F。拓展題Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourcellphoneinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollection