Unit3詞匯、短語、語法知識點梳理及拓展 人教版英語八年級下冊

英語張老師專用講義八下unit3知識點精講及拓展一、詞匯變形1．v.扔；擲__________→__________(過去式)→__________(過去分詞)2．v.依靠；信賴→_____________→_____________adj.可信賴的，可靠的→_____________n.獨立→____________adj.獨立的；自主的3．v.發(fā)展；壯大______________→______________(名詞)→______________adj.發(fā)達的，先進的→______________adj發(fā)展中的4．n.公正性；合理性_____________→_____________(形容詞：合理的；公正的)→_____________(形容詞：不合理的；不公正的)5．v.落下；掉下____________→____________(過去式及過去分詞)→____________(-ing形式)6.精神壓力，心理負擔→_______________n→______________v.強調(diào)，著重，使焦慮→______________adj.焦慮不安的，心力交瘁的→______________adj.壓力大的，緊張的7.鄰居n._______________→街坊，街區(qū)，鄰里n._______________二、短語薈萃1._____________________倒出垃圾 2.goout(for)_____________________3.______________待在外面；不在家 4._____________________搭車5._____________________從事；創(chuàng)作 6.疊衣服_____________________7._____________________扔掉，丟棄 8._____________________過來；順便來訪9.帶走_______________________ 10._____________________代替，取代…11.浪費時間__________________12._____________________為某人提供某物13.___________________依靠；信賴 14._____________________結(jié)果是15.總是，一直_______________________16.和…一起閑逛/瞎混___________________17，為了，目的是__________________18.驚訝地，驚奇地_____________________19.因此，結(jié)果是___________________20.一…..就_____________________________21.既不……也不____________________22.完成做某事，做完某事_____________23.對某人生氣_____________________24.對某事感到生氣____________________25.介意做某事_____________________26.討厭做某事_________________________27.借（回）______________________28.借（出）___________________________29.小心，照顧，保重______________30.掃地________________________________三、知識詳解1.Couldyoupleasedosth?請你（做）好嗎？用于___________________________________________，說話的語氣比較客氣委婉。Could不是can的過去式，是委婉、禮貌的說法?；卮鹩胏an.【常用答語】肯定回答：_______________________________________否定回答：_______________________________________【考題鏈接】①.—CouldIborrowyourcamera?—___________，butpleasegiveitbackbySaturday.A.IamsorryB.OfcourseC.CertainlynotD.No,thanks2.takeout取出（v+adv）（）Histeethhurtbadly.Thedentist______.A.tookoutitB.tookoutthemC.tookitoutD.tookthemout【短語拓展】takeoutthetrashtakeawalktakeawaytakeone’stemperaturetakebacktakeplacetakeofftakeafter【考題鏈接】()—Lisa,weneedtocleanthekitchen.Couldyou____thetrash?—Yes,sure.A.takeafterB.takeoffC.takeplaceD.takeout()_____yourpenandwritedownwhatI’mgoingtosay.A.TakeawayB.TakeoffC.TakedownD.Takeout3.dothedishes洗碗【結(jié)構(gòu)1】dothe+名詞：eg:__________________________________【結(jié)構(gòu)2】dothe+動詞-ingeg:__________________________________【結(jié)構(gòu)3】doone’s+名詞eg:__________________________________4.IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!我覺得你看兩個小時的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。【解析1】twohoursofTV表示__________、___________、____________、___________等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用_______形式。Howtimeflies!Threeyears_______(be)reallyashorttime.100years__________alongtime.Tenmiles_________toofarfora5-year-oldboy.5.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.【解析1】theminute=assoonas意思是“______________”（主將從現(xiàn)）請你一到那就寫信給我。__________________________________【解析2】comeover___________________【拓展】come短語：請寫出以下短語的意思comeacross comeupwithcometrue comefrom=befromcomeon comeout6.【解析】allthetime=always一直；總是【拓展】與time相關(guān)的短語：請寫出以下短語的意思ontimeintimeatthesametime fromtimetotimeforthefirsttime attimesnexttimetimeandtimeagain【考題鏈接】()Man’sunderstandingofnatureisdeveloping____.Itneverstaysatthesamelevel.A.attherighttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.fromtimetotimeD.allthetime()Weallknowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun_____.A.ontimeB.attimesC.allthetimeD.intime7.【解析】as...as...和一樣中間加______________【考題鏈接】()Thereareasmallnumberofpeopleinvolved,possibly______twenty.A.asfewas B.aslittleas C.asmanyas D.asmuchas()LiuYingisgoodatsinging.Shesings______thefamoussinger,CoCo.A.aswellas B.asgoodas C.asbetterasD.asthebestas8.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周時間，她沒有做任何家務(wù)，我也沒有做。1)“neither+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”表示上句否定的情況也適合于后者”某人也不……”__________________________________________說明前面的肯定情況同樣也適用于后者?！猋ouwatchedTVlastnight.你們昨晚看了電視?！猒____________thechildren.孩子們也看了。2)neither兩者都不，后可跟of，做主語時，謂語動詞__________________Neitherofthetwins________(like)todrinkcoffee.3)neither…nor…既不…也不…,連接兩個詞做主語，謂語動詞__________________________NeitherTomnorJimastudent.★neither&either1.neither的意思是“兩個都不”，either的意思是“兩個中的任何一個”或者“兩個中的各一個”。后面都可跟of，做主語時，謂語動詞用_________

2.neither…nor…既不…也不…（就近原則）

either…or…或者…或者…（就近原則）【考題鏈接】()Ihavetwosisters,but________ofthemisateacher.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()—TheteachersinthatschoolspeakeitherEnglishorFrench,oreven_______.—That'ssocool!A.allB.bothC.neitherD.none()－Whichdoyouprefer,aCDplayeroraWalkman?－_____.Ipreferaportablecomputer.A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither()Hespeaks______English______French.Instead,hespeaksGerman.Aeither;orBnotonly;butalsoCboth;andDneither;nor()Ican’tplaythepiano,and_____.A.neithercanmysisterB.mysistercan’t,tooC.socan’tmysisterD.canmysister,either()—Ｉwenttotheparkyesterday.—____.ButIdidn’tseeyouthere.A.SodoIB.SodidIC.NeitherdidI9.【解析】find+賓語+賓語補足語【注】find→found___________________發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事Wefoundhim__________(wait)towelcomeus.__________________發(fā)現(xiàn)……處于……狀態(tài)Ifindthetext__________(difficulty)tounderstand.findsb./sth+介短發(fā)現(xiàn)……處于……狀態(tài)Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself________.(住院了)_________________________________________發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難()Shefound___hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.A.thatB.it’sC.itD.this10.【解析】insurprise驚奇地；吃驚地;一般作_______________________。surprisev使吃驚→___________adj.令人吃驚的→____________adj.吃驚的___________________使某人吃驚的是besurprisedat_________________【考題鏈接】①__________________(使我吃驚的是），hegotthefirstprizeintheexam.②Weare____________atthe_____________news.(surprise)11.pass⑴v給；遞；passsb.sth把某物遞給某人=__________________passon傳遞⑵v.________________⑶v.________________【考題鏈接】（）IfNancy__theexam,shewillgotoAustraliaforEnglishstudy.A.passB.passedC.passesD.willpass12.【解析】borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,與from連用，指【借進來”】______________________從某人那里借某物(2)lend借出,與to搭配【指借出去】______________________________把某物借給某人borrow和lend一樣，是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示一個瞬間完成的動作不能與一段時間連用。(3)keep保留，保存（延續(xù)動詞，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用）【指借一段時間】【考題鏈接】()Youmay___thebookfortwoweeks.A.keepB.borrowC.lendD.buy()—MayI____yourdictionary?—Sorry.LiLei____itforfivedays.A.lend;borrowedB.borrow;haskeptC.borrow;hasborrowedD.lend;haslent()Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly______itfortwoweeks.A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.stay.()Canwe_______thebookfortwoweeks?AborrowBlendＣkeepDhad13.wasteun.____________vt.___________adj.____________________________________的浪費Eg.玩電腦游戲事浪費時間______________________________________________________校園里隨處可以看見垃圾_____________________________________________________wastetime/moneyonsb/sth________________________浪費時間在做某事上____________________________14.inorderto+v原“為了”=sothatEg.Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupearly.1）.in

order

to

do

sth為了做某事inordernotto為了不做某事2）.in

order

that+句子(引導目的從句）擴展：order作名詞1.__________________________________依次，按順序_________________整齊________________出故障，2._____________________________________點菜________________給某人下命令order作動詞,表定制，訂購，命令____________________訂購某物____________________命令某人做某事15.provide和offer的用法區(qū)別①首先在語義上，provide僅表示”__________”，而offer強調(diào)“_______________”。②其次在語法和搭配上，offer后可跟雙賓語，而provide后不可跟雙賓語。給某人提供某物即_________________./_________________.給某人提供某物_________________=_________________(主動)

supplysbwithsth=supplysthfor/tosb16.(1)since引導原因狀語從句=_____________“由于；因為”,Eg.Sincehewaslazy,hedidn’tfinishhishomework.Hedidn’tcomesincehewasbusy.(2)since引導時間狀語從句,“自從…以后”常與___________________連用①since+過去_____________(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點).e.g.Ihavebeenheresince1989.

②since+一段時間+ago

e.g.Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.③since+___________

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft17.dropv.落下；放棄，停止droppeddropoutofschool____________________________________________從···掉下dropby______________dropinto_________________droplitter___________________n.滴，水珠_____________________一滴水四、練習鞏固詞組_______________________________Isawit,Ilikedit.我一看到它，就喜歡上它了。SinceIlefthome,Ihavemissedmyparents________________________________.自從離開家后，我一直在想念我的父母。______________________________cheerherselfup,shedecidedtogototheseasideforaholiday.為了讓自已的心情變好，她決定去海邊度假。Thishotelpromisesto___________thecustomers___________thebestservice.這家賓館承諾顧客提供最好的服務(wù)。Everyonehasmuch_______________________workandfamily.每個人都有很多來自工作和家庭的壓力。6.我父母讓我晚上不要在外面呆得很晚。Myparentsaskme________________________________lateatnight.7.現(xiàn)在的孩子太依賴他們的父母。Thechildrenthesedays________________theirparentstoomuch.8.我討厭打掃教室。Ihate_________________theclassroom.9.為了取得好的成績，我在學習上花費了大量的時間。Ispendmuchtimeonschoolwork________________________getgoodglades.10.我不認為干家務(wù)活是浪費時間。Idon’tthinkdoingthehouseworkis________________________time.語法1.-Couldyoupleasedothedishes?-_____________.A.NevermindB.That'srightC.NoproblemD.Itdoesn'tmatter2.Couldyouplease______thewindow?It'shotintheroom.A.notcloseB.don'tcloseC.nottocloseD.closenot3.DadsaidImustfinish_____thefloorbeforewatchingTV.A.sweptB.sweepingC.sweepD.tosweep4.--Theboysaretalkingaboutthemovie______.--Theyalwayshavesomanyfunthingstoshare.happilyB.angrilyC.sadlyD.carefully5.Ilikecoffee_____mydadlovestea.A.whenB.aslongasC.whileD.since6.Alandoesn'tlikejunkfoodand__________.A.sodoIB.meeitherC.neitherdoID.sohedoes7.Iammuchbetternow._______isnoneedformetogotoadoctor.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.There8.Mr.Zhanghastwosons,but______ofthemliveswithhim.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.all9.Igotupveryearly_______Icouldcatchthefirstbus.A.sothatB.inordertoC.whileD.aslongas10.--CouldI_______yourpen,Mike?--Sorry,Ijust______ittoBob.A.lend;borrowedB.lend;lentC.borrow;borrowedD.borrow;lent11.WeaskedJohnandHenrysomeeasyquestions,but____ofthemcouldanswerthem.A.noneB.bothB.allD.neither12.--Whichismoreuseful,biologyorchemistry?--Ithink_____themareuseful.A.eitherofB.noneofC.bothofD.allof13._____Lily____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly,butalsoB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Either;or14.--Iwillgothereforavisitwithmyfamilyduringthelongholiday.--_______________.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill15.Yoursisterworksveryhard,and___________.A.soyouareB.soyoudoC.soareyouD.sodoyou16.Tomdoesn'tlikeEnglish,_________.A.neitherTomdoesB.NeitherdoesTomC.SoTomdoesD.SodoesTom（三）綜合練習題()1.Whoisthemaninblackhat?Oh,heismy___________.Heisnewhere.passengerB.guestC.neighborD.owner()2.________ofthetwogirlsisinterestedinchess.Theythinkit’sboring.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.All()3.WhymustItidyupmythehousebymyself,mom？Ithinkit’s________tome.Becauseyourbrothercleanedityesterday.fairB.unhappyC.unfairD.happy()4.Youcan_________twobooksfromthelibraryandyoucan________themfortwoweeks.borrow,lendB.lend,borrowC.borrow,keepD.lend,keep()5.Doyouknowhow_____________thismathproblem?tosolveB.solveC.solvingD.solved()6.Wecan________lunchforyouifyouworkhere.feedB.provideC.eatD.feel()7.Mary,canwegoforapicnictomorrow?It___________theweather.carriesonB.livesonC.dependsonD.holdson()8.HasTonyarrivedinBeijing?Iamnotsure.Buthewillcallusassoonashe__________.willarriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.wasarriving()9._________wedoforotherpeople,_______wewillbe.Much,happierB.More,happyThemore,thehappierD.Themost,thehappiest()10.Excuseme,couldyouhelpmedosomecleaning?__________.A.NoproblemB.Yes,IdoC.It’sagoodideaD.Notatall二、完形填空題（10分)DearSirorMadam，Idon'tlikedoingchores．ButIhave1choicetodothembecausedoingchoresisaruleinmyfamily．WhenIcomebackfromschool，mymom2says，"Couldyoutakeouttherubbish？"or"Couldyouhelpme3cooking？"Iknowsheisjusttryingtomakememoreindependentand4mehowtotakecareofmyself．But5doesshemakemedoallthehousework？Oh，IknowIamtheoldestandIshoulddothechores．Butit'snotfor6me．Mysistershoulddothem，too．YesterdayIdidallthechoresagain．Myparentswenttovisitmyauntwithmysisterinthemorning．Theyleftme7athomebecauseIhadtodomyhousework．AfterIfinishmyhomework，Ifounditwasreallya8athome．Theydidn'tdoanychores．SoIcleanedtherooms，9thedishesandwateredthegarden．Oh，Imustlooklikea（n)10．WhatshouldIdo？Ihatedoingchoresallalone．Couldyougivemesomeadvice，please？()1.A.noB.someC.everyD.any()2.A.neverB.hardlyC.alwaysD.almost()3.A.aboutB.inC.forD.with()4.A.askB.helpC.teachD.expect()5.A.whenB.whyC.howD.where()6.A.hardB.fairC.muchD.heavy()7.A.aloneB.sickC.quietD.independent()8.A.jobB.matterC.problemD.mess()9.A.boughtB.borrowC.carriedD.washed()10.A.cookB.doctorC.servantD.actor三、閱讀理解題（30分）（B）Manyparentsmaketheirchildrendochoresaroundthehouses.Forsomefamilies,teachingchildrenwhattodoandhowtodochoresiseasy.Forotherfamilies,askingchildrentod