必修④ Unit 3 課下主題訓(xùn)練 自然科學(xué)研究成果

PAGE第8頁(yè)共11頁(yè)必修④Unit3課下主題訓(xùn)練自然科學(xué)研究成果課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①download□ ②command□③systematic□ ④platform□⑤blog□ ⑥address□⑦operate□ ⑧replace□⑨calculate□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))process□?drawback□ ?communicate□?surf□ ?intelligent□?guarantee□ ?automatic□?file□ ?digital□?scan□ ?instant□(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)download,communicate,surf,file,blog,address,process,drawback,command,platform1．WhenBarbieuxstartedhisblog,_hesimplyhopedtocommunicatewithafewpeople.2．Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.3．Besuretosavetherevisedversionofthefileunderanewfilename.4．BeforeIsetoff,Ienteredthecommandintomynavigationalcomputer.5．ManypeoplenowwouldrelyonsurfingtheInternetratherthanreadnewspapersfornews.6．Hetoldmetosendhislettersontohisnewaddresswhenhemoved.7．Microblogcanprovideaplatformtoshowourtalentandreleaseourpressure.8．Parentsandchildrenshouldcommunicatemoretonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenthem.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Teacherswillneverbereplacedbycomputersintheclassroom.2．ThereisnodoubtthattheInternetmakescommunication(communicate)easierandhelpsuskeepupwiththelatestinformation.3．Butwhenhelookedtotheside,hesawinstantly(instant)thatitwasn'tadogatall,butawolf.4．IhaveagoodcommandofbusinessEnglish,andbeexperiencedincomputeroperation(operate)．5．Theintelligent(intelligence)robotswillreplacehumanbeingsinrescuingpeopleindangeroussituations.6．Atonetime,computerswereexpectedlargelytoremovetheneedforpapercopiesofdocumentsbecausetheycouldbestoreddigitally(digital)．Ⅲ.寫出下列句中藍(lán)色詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．However,alotofIntellectualProperty,includingsongs,films,booksandartworks,canbedownloadedtodayfreeofchargeusingtheInternet.下載2．Thecomputerwasprogrammedtocalculatedistancesbetweentwoobjects.計(jì)算3．Itoldthegentlemanthatthedoorhadanautomaticopener,andhedidnotneedtostaytoholditopen.自動(dòng)的4．Alotofresearchisbeingconductedinthisarea,butsofar,thebrainscanningequipmentandcorrespondingcomputerprogramshaven'tbeenabletoactuallyreadthoughts.掃描5．Inthissection,wepresentabriefbutsystematicdiscussionoffunctions(函數(shù))andtheirgraphs.系統(tǒng)的Ⅳ.用本單元詞匯替換/升級(jí)加黑詞匯1．Mostdomesticfreezersoperateatbelow－18°C.function2．Hefelttheapartment'sonlydrawbackwasthatitwastoosmall.disadvantage3．Peoplebegantobeworriedabouttheairpollutionhere.be_concerned_about二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AChinarecentlycompletedanin-flightconfirmationforsatellitedrag-freecontroltechnology,markingastepforwardinthecountry'sspace-basedgravitationalwave(引力波)detectionprogram.State-ownedChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CASC)confirmedthesuccesswiththeTianqin-1,thecountry'sfirstsatelliteforspace-basedgravitationalwavedetection,onSaturday.Drag-freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable,thereportsaid,notingthatforcesneedtobecanceledincludingsunlightpressureandatmosphericdrag.Basedonflightdata,thenewtechnologyreducedexternal(外部的)forcesontheTianqin-1'saccelerationbylessthan1-400millionthofthegravitationalacceleration,markingabetterresultthantheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sGOCEsatellite's1-300millionth.Theresultssuggestthatexternalforceshaveanaccelerationeffectoflessthanahumanyawn,thereportsaid.Moreover,theChinesetechnologywassuccessfulinreducingthedisplacementfromexternalforcesto30nanometers,or1-4,000thofthediameterofanadulthumanhairstrand.Itisalsobetterthantheinternationallywell-knownLISAsatellite's40nanometers,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily.ThetworesultshavesignificanttheoreticalandpracticalvalueindetectingEarth'sgravitationalfield,accordingtothereport.Withthislatestachievement,theTianqin-1hasproventhelevelofitstechnology.TheresearchinstituteunderCASCstartedconductingrelatedresearchin2010,accordingtoScienceandTechnologyDaily,whichalsonotedthatChinastillneedstimetopracticallyapplythetechnologytogravitationalwavedetection.LaunchedonDecember20,2019,theTianqin-1isChina'sfirsttechnologydemonstrationsatelliteintheTianqingravitationalwavedetectionprogram.StartedbytheSunYat-senUniversityin2015,theprogramwilleventuallyconsistofthreesatellitesthatwillformatrianglearoundEarth.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了“天琴一號(hào)”衛(wèi)星上應(yīng)用的無(wú)拖拽控制技術(shù)，該技術(shù)體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)科技的進(jìn)步。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Gravitationalwavedetection.B．Drag-freecontroltechnology.C．Acertainspacesatellite.D．Sunlightpressure.解析：選C代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Drag-freecontroltechnologyblocksforcesthataffectasatellite,excludinggravity,soitcanremainstable”可知，無(wú)拖拽控制技術(shù)可以阻止除引力外影響衛(wèi)星的力，因此衛(wèi)星可以保持穩(wěn)定，故畫線詞it指的是“衛(wèi)星”，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph3?A．Ourtechnologyishighlyadvanced.B．TheTianqin-1iswidelyknownworldwide.C．TheLISAsatelliteisatotalsuccess.D．TheTianqin-1'saccelerationisincreased.解析：選A推理判斷題。第三段前半部分說(shuō)中國(guó)的新技術(shù)比歐洲的先進(jìn)，無(wú)拖拽控制技術(shù)使得外力對(duì)加速度的影響比打哈欠給人帶來(lái)的加速度的影響還要小，后半部分強(qiáng)調(diào)這一技術(shù)優(yōu)于國(guó)際著名的LISA衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用的技術(shù)，故本段的主要目的是向讀者展示中國(guó)先進(jìn)的科技，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．WhatisTRUEabouttheTianqin-1?A．Itwassentintospacein2015.B．Itguaranteesgreateraccuracywhenworking.C．Itstillneedstimetoremainstable.D．Itcancreategravitationalwaves.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，中國(guó)這一技術(shù)(無(wú)拖拽控制技術(shù))將外力引起的衛(wèi)星移位控制在了30納米，優(yōu)于國(guó)際著名的LISA衛(wèi)星的40納米。由此可推知“天琴一號(hào)”在工作時(shí)可以保證較高的準(zhǔn)確性。故B項(xiàng)正確。4．Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Anartmagazine. B．Atravelbrochure.C．Amathematicessay. D．Asciencejournal.解析：選D文章出處題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了中國(guó)航天事業(yè)上的科技進(jìn)步，故本文很有可能選自科學(xué)雜志，故D項(xiàng)正確。BScientistshavedevelopedanewtypeofsmartbandage(繃帶)thatcansignalthetypeofbacterial(細(xì)菌的)infectionit'sprotecting,justlikeatrafficlight,aswellasreleasetherighttypeofdrugsondemand.Thetrafficlightsystemworksjustlikethis:Greenmeansnobacteriaoralowconcentrationofbacteria,yellowmeansdrug-sensitive(DS)bacteriaresponsivetostandardantibiotics(抗生素)andthatcausesantibioticrelease,andredmeansdrug-resistant(DR)bacteriathatneedextrahelptobewipedout.Intestingthebandageonmice,theresearchteamwasabletosuccessfullytreatbothDSandDRinfectionsusingthenewmethod.However,thecommonmethodsofsensingresistancearelimitedbytime,therequirementforprofessionalpersonnel,andexpensiveinstruments.Moreover,theabuseofantibioticscausestheacceleratedprocessofbacterialresistance.It'seasytoseehowasimplebandageandlightcouldovercomesomeoftheselimitations.Treatmentdoesn'thavetowaitforadoctortomakeadiagnosis,andthebandagecangettherightsortofdrugsappliedattheearliestopportunity.What'smore,thepersonwearingthebandagegetsreal-timefeedbackonwhat'shappeningwiththeinfection,ifthere'saninfection.Theresearcherssayitoffersnumerousbenefitsoverexistingtreatmentsthatmakeuseoflight,includingphotodynamictherapyorPDT.We'vebeenseeingquiteafewupgradestothetraditionalbandageinrecentyears,thankstoadvancesinscience—likethenanofibremeshthatattractsbacteriaanddrawssomeofthemout,speedingupthehealingprocess.Thenthere'sthenovelbandagefortreatingburns,whichstopsbacteriafrommultiplyingandlowerstheriskofinfection.Themoreworkthatabandagecandowhileit'sprotectingawound,thebetter.Effortstoimprovebandagescontinueandnowwe'vegotabandagethatnotonlyreleasesantibiotics,butalsotellsthepatientexactlywhat'sgoingontoo.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型繃帶的工作原理和特點(diǎn)。5．Whatisthesmartbandagemainlydesignedtodo?A．Avoidtheuseofantibiotics.B．Clearoutharmfulbacteria.C．Detectbacterialinfection.D．Increasetreatmentoptions.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，智能繃帶能顯示出它所保護(hù)的細(xì)菌感染類型。此處signal意為“標(biāo)志，表明，預(yù)示”，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。6．Whatistheadvantageofthesmartbandage?A．Itsavesmuchtimeandcost.B．Itremovestheriskofinfection.C．Itpreventsthebacterialresistance.D．Itimprovesthedoctor-patientrelationship.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句和第三段第二句可知，智能繃帶可以節(jié)省時(shí)間和花費(fèi)。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Traditionalbandagesareoutofusenow.B．Moresmartbandageswillbedeveloped.C．Progressinsciencecallsformoreresearch.D．Peopleareurgedtostudymedicalscience.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段的首句可知，隨著科技進(jìn)步，將有更多的新型繃帶會(huì)被開發(fā)出來(lái)。8．Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A．Asuccessfultestonmice.B．Acolour-changingbandage.C．Sensingdrug-resistantbacteria.D．Preventingabuseofantibiotics.解析：選B主旨大意題。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型的智能繃帶的工作原理和特點(diǎn)。Ⅱ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華。學(xué)校最近要組織一次英語(yǔ)演講比賽，主題為“垃圾分類益處多”，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)此話題寫一篇演講稿。要點(diǎn)如下：1．你的觀點(diǎn)；2．你的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：垃圾分類garbageclassification參考范文：Hello,everyone!I'mgladtohavethischancetosharesomeideasaboutgarbageclassificationwithyou.Tomyunderstanding,theEarthishometoeveryindividual,andit'sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentvoluntarily.Bysortingthewaste,wecannotonlyreducepollutionbutalsosaveenergy,whichwillpavethewayforrecyclingofvaluableresources.Forthesakeofourenvironmentandlife,weareexpectedtolearntosorttherubbishandmakeitahabit.Thankyou!課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①produce□ ②contribution□③advanced□ ④prospect□⑤exactly□ ⑥memory□⑦realize□ ⑧prosperous□⑨decoration□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))message□?convenient□ ?revolution□?invention□ ?challenge□?breakthrough□ ?stable□?matter□ ?fashionable□?developed□ ?imagination□(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)produce,decoration,matter,contribution,memory，message,challenge,advanced,realize,breakthrough1．Onlyifwesticktoourdreamswillwebeabletogetoverallkindsofchallenges.2．Ibelievehewillsurelyrealizehisdream,won'the?3．Facingincreasingenergylimits,Chinaneedsabreakthroughinminingandexploration.4．Recyclingisagreatwaytosaveenergybecauseitreducestheneedtoproducenewmaterials.5．Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.6．Bytheendoflastweek,wehadreceivedover1,000textmessages.7．Thehappychildhoodwespenttogetherinthecountrysideisadistantmemoryformenow.8．Asarewardforhiscontributiontobotany(植物學(xué)),JosephBankshadaflowernamedafterhim.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theinvention(invent)ofplastic,whichisbothtoughandflexible,representedarevolutioninmaterialscience.2．Thethreespacemenmadegreatcontributions(contribute)tothedevelopmentofthespaceprogram.3．China,asadevelopingcountry,isdifferentfromAmerica,whichisadevelopedone.(develop)4．Sometimes,imagination(imagine)ismoreimportantthanknowledgeduringourstudies.5．Qingdao,amoderncitywithconvenient(convenience)transportation,ispleasanttolivein.6．Duringscientificexperiments,sheexplainsexactly(exact)whatishappeningandasaresultmyworkisimproving.7．Eveninadvanced(advance)agriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.Ⅲ.寫出下列句中藍(lán)色詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Arevolutionininformationtechnologyistakingplace.大變革2．Weareconfidentthatourcountrywillbemorepowerfulandprosperousintheprocessofrelievingpoverty.昌盛的3．Astablejobwithasteadyincomeoffersoneasenseofsecurity,especiallyintoday'shighlycompetitivesociety.穩(wěn)定的4．Thereisanexcitingprospectofapplying5G.前景，展望5．Thedecorationandfurnishingshavetobepracticalenoughforafamilyhome.裝飾6．SomestudentsthinkInternetSlangisvivid,fashionableandfullofhumorandintelligence.流行的，時(shí)尚的二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ItwasjustanormaldayforRuthMiller,a63-year-oldwomanuntileverythingwenthorriblywrong.Shewaswalkingtohercaraftershoppingwhenthe_unthinkablehappened.Rightasshewasunlockinghercar,amanquicklycameupbehindherandtriedtowrestleherpurseaway.Shewasinshock.LuckilysherememberedshehadherSafePersonalAlarm(SPA)onherpurse,andsinceshewastooscaredtoscreamforhelp,shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保險(xiǎn)栓).ImmediatelyherSPAstartedjustscreaming.Themandidn'tknowwhattodo!Hefrozeforasecond,andthenranawaylikeabatoutofhell!SPAisasafetydevicecapableofcreatinga125dbsoundthatattractsattentionandscaresawaypotentialattackers.Tocompare,it'sthesamevolumeasamilitaryjetduringtakeoff.PaulDavidson,theinventorofSPA,knowsalltoowellthetypeofsituationthatRuthfoundherselfin.Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst.Parentscangiveittotheirkidsasanextrameansofprotection.Teenagerscanuseitsotheycanfeelsafewalkinghome.Womencanknowit'stherewhentheyhavetousetheparkinglotatnight.“Mymother,whois76yearsold,carriesitaroundincaseshefallsandneedstoaskpeopleforhelp.IonlywishI'dthoughtofitearlier，”saidPaul.ThepolicehavebeenrecommendingSPAsinceitfirsthitthemarket.Infact,sinceitslaunch,SPAhasbeeninastate,shiftingbetweeninstocktosoldoutnearlyeveryotherweek,andit'salsogottonsofloyalfollowersworldwide.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一款市場(chǎng)上火爆的能夠防身的報(bào)警設(shè)備SPA。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“theunthinkable”inParagraph1referto?A．Anattemptedrobbery.B．Awrestlingmatch.C．Anangryargument.D．Acaraccident.解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法可推測(cè)，unthinkable的意義應(yīng)與“難以想象”相關(guān)；再結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容可知，此處指一起未遂的搶劫。attempted意為“未遂的”。2．HowdidRuthreacttotheunexpectedsituation?A．Shefoughtviolently.B．Shefrozeingreatfear.C．Shecrieddesperatelyforhelp.D．Shesoundedhersafetydevice.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“shequicklyreachedforthealarmandpulledthepin(保險(xiǎn)栓)”可知，她迅速地摸到了報(bào)警器并拉下保險(xiǎn)栓，故D項(xiàng)正確。3．WhyisPaul'smothermentionedinParagraph4?A．Toimplytheelderlyneedmorecare.B．Tosuggesthecaresabouthismother.C．ToshowSPAcanbewidelyused.D．TomakeanadvertisementforSPA.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Butthat'snottheonlytypeofsituationthatSPAhelpsprotectagainst”以及后面關(guān)于孩子、婦女和老人使用該設(shè)備的好處的例子可知，作者想借此說(shuō)明此設(shè)備還有更多的用途。4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．SPAiswellreceivedinthemarket.B．Peoplehesitatetopayforsecurity.C．SPAwassoldoutinthefirsttwoweeks.D．Thepolicealwaysrecommendproducts.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，SPA在市場(chǎng)上得到了人們的一致認(rèn)可。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Researchershavedevelopedanewmachinesystemthatcandetectlungcanceraswellasorbetterthandoctors.__1__.Itteachescomputerstolearnbyexample.TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportslungcancerasthemostcommonformofcancer,resultinginabout1.7milliondeaths.__2__.However,survivalratescanbegreatlyimprovedwhenthediseaseiscaughtearly.Formanyyears,doctorshaveattemptedtoimprovescreeningmethodstodetectlungcancer.__3__.ACTscanusesX-raysandacomputertomakedetailedimagesofbones,organsandothertissuesinsidethebody.DoctorswhoaretrainedtostudyCTimagesexaminethescanstolookforevidenceofcancer.__4__.Themethodcanreducedeathratesby20to43percent,butitalsoresultsinahighrateoffalsecancerdiagnoses.Thenewdeep-learningsystemuses3DtechnologytoexaminetheCTscans.ThemethodworksbylearninghowtodetectsignsofcancerfromalargenumberofCTsamples.Googlesaidinastatement,“Wedetectedfivepercentmorecancercaseswhilereducingfalse-positiveexamsbymorethan11percentcomparedtounassistedradiologistsinourstudy.”Dr.Mozziyarhelpedleadtheresearch.__5__.“Ourmodelwasabletodetecttheseearlysigns—oneyearbeforethepatientwasactuallydiagnosed，”Pengsaid.“Andthatyearcouldtranslatetoanincreasedsurvivalrateof40percentforpatientslikethis.”A．ThemethodcanpredictcancerinpatientsB．ThemostcommontoolcurrentlyusedisCTC．TheprocesscaninvolvehundredsofimagesD．Thesystemispoweredbyamethodofartificialintelligence,orAIE．LungcancerhasoneoftheworstsurvivalratesamongallcancersF．Hesaidtheuseof3Dtechnology,marksabigstepinCTexaminationG．Thestudyreportsthesystemwastestedon6,716caseswithknowndiagnoses語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。肺癌的死亡率很高，研究人員利用人工智能開發(fā)出一個(gè)新的體系，以提高對(duì)于肺癌的早期診斷準(zhǔn)確率，從而改進(jìn)癌癥的治療效果。1．解析：選D前文介紹研究人員開發(fā)了診斷肺癌的新機(jī)器，下文說(shuō)“它讓電腦學(xué)習(xí)病例”，D項(xiàng)“Thesystem”與前文的“anewmachinesystem”呼應(yīng)，“artificialintelligence”與下文的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。2．解析：選E下文的however表明本空內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與前文構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的信息鏈：前文說(shuō)肺癌的死亡率，E項(xiàng)說(shuō)肺癌的生存率最低，前后內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)，因此選E。3．解析：選B前文說(shuō)醫(yī)生一直在尋找辦法改進(jìn)對(duì)肺癌的診斷，B項(xiàng)說(shuō)“目前最常用的辦法是做CT檢查”，并與后面的內(nèi)容吻合，因此選B。4．解析：選CC項(xiàng)的“hundredsofimages”與前文的“CTimages”呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。5．解析：選FF項(xiàng)的“Hesaid”與前文