【高二 拓展閱讀-科技】Robot Wars-New Machines for the Battlefield

RobotWars--NewMachinesfortheBattlefieldAsmoreandmoreunmanned（無人的）drones（遙控飛機(jī)）areusedinconflictsthequestionarises：Willthenextwarbefoughtbyrobots？Unmannedairplanes，boatsandlandvehiclesarealreadyusedtostriketargetsandgatherinformationwithoutapilotbeingnecessary.TodayalmostathirdofallmilitaryaircraftflownbyAmericansaredrones.Scientistsarenowworkingonrobotsthatcanfightontheground.Unmannedtanksandothervehiclesarebeingdesignedtoexploreenemyterritory，whilehumanscancontroltheirmovesfromasafedistancetheycancollectinformationandintelligencewithoutputtinganysoldiersatrisk.Oneofthemainreasonsforunmannedweaponsistoreducecasualtiesonthebattlefield.AlthoughmostoftheseweaponshavebeenusedandtestedbytheUnitedStatesmilitary，theUSisnotaloneinthedevelopmentofsuchrobots.Alreadythereareover50nationsthathavestarteddevelopingrobotsformilitaryuse.Israelhasinstalledrobotmachinegunsalongtheirbordersbuttherearealwayshumanstheretodecidewhethertoshootornot.Whilearmedrobotsforcombatmissionsarestillsciencefictionthereareplanstodevelopmetalwarriors（戰(zhàn)士）.Suchaninventiononthebattlefieldcouldgreatlychangehowwarsarefought,justliketheadventofgunpowderortheatomicbomb.Manymilitaryexperts,however,areagainstthedeployment（部署）ofsuchkillerrobots.Theyfinditunethicalandthinkthatwarsshouldstillbecarriedoutbyfightinghumans.Ontheotherside,awarwithkillermachineswouldbenomorebrutalthanitistoday.Inthepastyears,Americandroneshavekilledover2,000peopleinPakistanandAfghanistanTheuseofrobotsinwarsisrelativelycheap.Equippedwithhightechcomputerstheycangathermuchmoreinformationthanhumansandprocessitmorequickly.DroneshavesuccessfullybeenusedinAfghanistanandIraq.Remotecontrolledgroundrobotshavebeenhelpfulindiscoveringbombsandminesinwar-tornregions.Oneproblem,however,iswhomakesthedecisionsincombatsituations.Asrobotsbecomemoresophisticated,itcouldbemoredifficulttofindoutwhopulledthetriggerandwhoisresponsibleforanattack.Inaddition,countriesusingsuchhigh-techunmannedweaponsmayattackmorequicklyasrobotsoldiersandweaponsmeanfewercasualtiesandbetterchancesofsuccess.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Mostofmodernwarsarefoughtbyrobots.B.Nounmanneddroneshavebeenusedinrealconflicts.C.Unmannedairplanescanonlybeusedtogatherinformation.D.About1/3ofallmilitaryaircraftflownbyAmericansaredrones.2.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemainreasonsforunmannedweapons?A.Toreducemilitaryexpenditure.B.Tocompetewithothercountries.C.Toreducecasualtiesonthebattlefield.D.Thearticledoesnotsay.3.Whichcountryhasrobotmachinegunsalongtheborders?A.TheUnitedstates.B.PakistanIraq.D.Isral.4.Whichhavebeenhelpfulindiscoveringbombsandminesinwar-tornregions?A.Robotmachineguns.B.Remotecontrolledgroundrobots.C.Unmannedairplanes.D.Landvehicles.5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Over60nationshavestarteddevelopingrobotsformilitaryuse.B.Theuseofrobotsinwarsisrelativelycheap.C.Scientistsarenowworkingonrobotsthatcanfightontheground.D.Humanscancontrolunmannedtanksandothervehiclesfromasafedistance.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞conflict n.沖突；戰(zhàn)斗；矛盾ⅵ.沖突，抵觸記詞根記憶：con（共同）+ct（打擊）→雙方互相打擊→沖突搭theconflictbetweentraditionandinnovation.傳統(tǒng)與創(chuàng)新之間的矛盾arise vi.[arose-arisen]（問題、困難等）出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；（由…）引起（產(chǎn)生）記詞根記憶：a（表加強(qiáng)）+rise（出現(xiàn)））出現(xiàn)strike vi.[struck-struck]襲擊；打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工英amilitaryattack，especiallyanairattacktarget n.目標(biāo)；靶子；受批評的對象v.瞄準(zhǔn)；以…為目標(biāo)記聯(lián)想記憶：tar（音似：她）}get得到）得到她的青睞是我的目標(biāo)→目標(biāo)gather v.搜集；集合；聚集英tocollectseveralthings，oftenfromdifferentplacesorpeople例Ittakesmemonthstogatherevidence.我花了數(shù)月時(shí)間搜集證據(jù)。pilot n.飛行員；領(lǐng)航員記發(fā)音記憶：“派了他”→派了他去領(lǐng)航→領(lǐng)航員；飛行員military adj.軍事的；軍隊(duì)的；軍用的英connectedwithsoldiersorthearmedforces記詞根記憶：mt戰(zhàn)斗）+ary（…的）→戰(zhàn)斗相關(guān)的→軍事的intelligence n.情報(bào)；情報(bào)人員；智力，才智；智慧記詞根記憶：intel（=inter，在…之間）+lig（選擇）+ence（表名詞）選擇有用的信息→情報(bào)weapon n.武器英anyobjectusedinfightingorwar，suchasagunbomb，sword，etc搭holdaweapon持有武器shoot vt.[shot-shot]射殺；開（槍）搭shootattheenemy向敵人射擊mission n.任務(wù)；職責(zé)；使命記聯(lián)想記憶：電影《碟中諜》MissionImpossible直譯為《不可能完成的任務(wù)》bomb n.炸彈；爆炸ⅵ.轟炸記發(fā)音記憶：“砰”→炸彈爆炸的聲音→炸彈；爆炸Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞territory n.領(lǐng)土，版圖；（個(gè)人、群體、動物等占據(jù)的）領(lǐng)域，地盤記詞根記憶：ter（地）+itory（表地點(diǎn)）→領(lǐng)土；領(lǐng)域搭huntingterritory狩獵領(lǐng)地come/gowiththeterritory成為必然的結(jié)果（或部分）casualty n.傷亡（人員）英apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident記詞根記憶：cas（落下，降臨）+ual+ty（表情況）→突然降臨→傷亡事故搭casualtyinsurance意外傷害保險(xiǎn)install v.安置，安裝記詞根記憶：in（進(jìn)入）+sta（放）→放進(jìn)→安置例Thismorningthecarpentersinstalledthenewkitchencabinets.今天上午木匠安裝了新的廚柜。border n.邊緣；邊界v.與…接壤；接近，毗鄰記聯(lián)想記憶：b+ordert（命令）凘聽從命令不許出邊界→邊界combat n.戰(zhàn)斗，搏斗v.戰(zhàn)斗，與搏斗；防上英fightingorafight，especiallyduringatimeofwar記詞根記憶：com（表加強(qiáng)）+bat（打）戰(zhàn)斗搭combatmissions戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)armedcombat武裝斗爭advent到來，來臨；出現(xiàn)記詞根記憶：ad（表加強(qiáng)）+vent（來）→到來atomic adj.原子（能）的記詞根記憶：atom（原子）+ic（…的）→原子的u