高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題培優(yōu)練6：歷史與文化

外刊閱讀熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題培優(yōu)練6歷史與文化Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheUbang(烏邦)communityhasaninterestingformofcommunicationthatisvirtuallyinfluencedbygender.Themanhasalanguage(Ofe)thatisentirelydifferentfromthatspokenbywomen(Araseke)anditisunlawfulforeithersextospeakthelanguagenotassignedbytheirancestors.Infact,suchpeopleareconsideredanabnormalityinthecommunityifthathappens.Regardless,theyunderstandthemselvesclearly.OliverIbang,acommunityleader,says,“Ifyouareamalespeakingthefemalelanguage,theywilladdressyouasanabnormalchild.”Astheyarenaturallybilingual(雙語(yǔ)的),theyuseagenerallanguagecalled“mete”forcommunicating,especiallyinpublicplaces.Asalanguageculturedifferentfromothercommunication,allthechildrenfirstlearnthelanguageofthewomen.OnlyatthistimeisitacceptableforthemalestospeakthelanguageoffemalesintheUbangcommunity.Then,attheageoften,youngUbangmalesareexpectedtogiveupthewomen’slanguageandspeakOfe.ChichiUndie,ananthropologist(人類(lèi)學(xué)家),studyingthelanguagepatternbetweenmenandwomensays,“Therearealotofwordsthatmenandwomenshareincommonandthenthereareotherswhicharetotallydifferentdependingontheirsexes.Theydon’tsoundalike,theydon’thavethesameletters,theyarecompletelydifferentwords.”TheUbanglanguagehasbeensustainedbyoraltraditionforseveralyears，lackinggreatlyindocumentation，andlikemanylanguagesthatareendangered，canleadtothelossofidentityandculture.Nevertheless，thecommunityisnotthreatenedbytheextinctionoftheirlanguage.ChiefOliverIbangsays，“Ifthelanguagedies，thatmeansthatthepeopleofUbangnolongerexist.”Stretchingtheuseoflanguageasanidentity，theuniquenessofUbanglanguageisaphenomenonthatisinterestingatitsbestandformsthecorerichnessofthepeople.1.WhatisspecialabouttheUbanglanguage?A.Itisaccessibletowomenonly.B.Genderhasanimpactonitsuse.C.Itispasseddownbytheancestors.D.Itisnotwidelyusedinthecommunity.2.WhatcanwelearnfromChichiUndie’swords?A.Menandwomenhavealotincommon.B.Menandwomenuselanguagesintotallydifferentways.C.Therearecommonalitiesanddifferencesbetweenbothgenders’languages.D.Thedevelopmentofthelanguageisthreatenedbygenderdifferences.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.UbanglanguageisvitaltotheUbangcommunity.B.Manylanguagesdiedbecauseoflackoforaltradition.C.Ubanglanguageisontheedgeofextinction.D.Culturelosscausestheextinctionofalanguage.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A.Torevealauniquelanguageculture.B.ToargueusintoprotectingUbangculture.C.TosolvethemysteryoftheUbangcommunity.D.Toprovethediversityofworldculture.InGrytvikenintheSouthAtlanticliestheSouthGeorgiaMuseum,oneofthemostremotemuseumsintheworld.SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedinGrytviken’soldwhalingstation.Whaling,orthehuntingofwhalesfortheirusablenaturalproducts,suchasmeatandoil，ceasedtherein1964.Thebuildingthatnowhousesthemuseumonceservedasthewhalingmanager’shomeandofficeandwasleftunusedforover20yearsbeforeitopenedtothepublicasamuseumin1992.TherearenopassengerflightstoorfromGrytviken，sothemajorityofvisitorsarriveonaship.Theislanditselfonlyseesabout10，000visitorsayearandtherearenopermanentresidents,onlyagroupof20scientists，maintenancestaff,andmuseumworkerswhobravetheisland’scoldweatherconditions.Travelingtothemuseumrequiresadvanceplanning.SouthGeorgiaMuseumstaffalltraveltotheislandfromabroadforthesouthernhemisphere(半球)spring,ormid－October,andmostcomefromtheUnitedKingdom,around8，000milesnorth.Themuseum,whichoffersfreeadmission,“aimstomakethishistoryandheritageaccessiblebothtothevisitingpublicandtothoseunabletovisitthisremoteregionthrougheducation,exhibitionsandoutreach”，accordingtoitswebsite.Ithousesanaturalhistorycollection,artifacts,exhibitionsrelatedtotheearlyhistoryofsealingandwhalingaswellasAntarcticexplorerSirErnestShackleton,andmore.Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsfromOctoberthroughDecember,butstill,daytimehighsdon’toftenreachabove40degreesFahrenheit.Forthosewhoworkthere,Internetaccessispatchyandfreshfoodoptionsarerare.It’snotaplaceforeveryone,butforthestaffthatcallithomeforpartsoftheyear,it’sauniqueformofparadise.“Steppingawayfromtheworldhasbeenatreat，”saidPierce,oneofthestaff.5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheSouthGeorgiaMuseum?A.Itisaccessibletovisitorsbyair.B.Itopenedtothepublicin1964.C.Ithas20maintenanceworkers.D.Itusedtobeawhalingstation.6.Whoaretheroomsofthemuseumnamedafter?A.Managersofthewhalingstation.B.AdventurersexploringtheAntarctic.C.Thosewhomadecontributionstotheisland.D.Individualswhoconservedwhalesfromextinction.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patchy”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Poor. B.Easy.C.Free. D.Quick.8.Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanwefindthistext?A.Animals. B.People.C.Travel. D.News.Ⅱ.完形填空Onthenightofthespeechcontest，Iwasworriedabouttheshygirl.Myheart__1__whenIknewtheboyonstageprevioustoher,__2__，wasfairlysuccessfulwithhishumorandpersonalstyle.Thewholeaudienceburstoutawaveof__3__almostevery30seconds.Mypalms(手掌)beganto__4__.Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage,soIcouldn’tblameherforany__5__.Thestrongspotlightmadehersoinsignificantthatnobody__6__shehadbeenonthestage.Butthemomentthat__7__meoccurred.Iclearlyhearda__8__voice,“Now,your__9__，please！”Thewholeaudiencefellquiet.Smallandthinasthegirlappeared,the__10__lookonherfaceinstantlycaughteveryone’seyes.Thenherspeechwason,logicalandwell－organized.Wordsofpower__11__freelyoutofthegirllikemagic.Whenherspeech__12__，athunderousapplausesoundedfromtheaudience.Whenthecompetitionwasconcluding,allofuswaited__13__forthewinner’snametobecalled.Tearsofjoy__14__myvisionwhenthehostannouncedshewonfirstprize.Holdingthemedaltightly,shegavemeabrilliantsmile.I__15__herintomyarms,tooexcitedtosayanywords.1.A.beat B.sankC.lost D.broke2.A.sureenough B.worsestillC.aboveall D.inaddition3.A.crying B.warningC.clapping D.screaming4.A.sweat B.trembleC.change D.turn5.A.try B.poseC.guess D.slip6.A.thought B.admittedC.ignored D.noticed7.A.confused B.interestedC.surprised D.challenged8.A.loud B.weakC.tight D.low9.A.support B.attentionC.vote D.silence10.A.determined B.puzzledC.relaxed D.bored11.A.crowded B.hurriedC.bounced D.flowed12.A.started B.endedC.progressed D.rested13.A.sincerely B.easilyC.wildly D.eagerly14.A.misted B.hidC.prevented D.shaded15.A.pushed B.threwC.pulled D.liftedA篇Para.1：assignv.指定，指派；分配abnormalityn.反常；(身體、行為等)不正常Para.4：sustainv.維持；使保持，支持；遭受，支撐documentationn.文件記載；文獻(xiàn)記錄；歸檔Para.5：uniquenessn.獨(dú)特性，唯一性B篇Para.2：ceasev.終止，(使)停止，結(jié)束house常用義：n.房子文章義：v.給……提供住房；給……提供場(chǎng)地Para.3：permanentadj.永久的；永恒的；長(zhǎng)久的brave常用義：adj.勇敢的文章義：v.勇敢面對(duì)；冒(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))；經(jīng)受(困難)Para.4：admissionn.進(jìn)入許可，加入許可，進(jìn)入；承認(rèn)；門(mén)票價(jià)格accessibleadj.可到達(dá)的，可接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可使用的，可見(jiàn)到的；容易理解的，易懂的Para.5：uniqueadj.獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，獨(dú)特的；獨(dú)具的，特有的參考答案Ⅰ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了烏邦獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言文化，這種獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言文化于烏邦人民而言十分寶貴，也是一種身份象征。1.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheUbang(烏邦)communityhasaninterestingformof...thatspokenbywomen(Araseke)...”可知，烏邦社區(qū)有一種有趣的交流方式，這種交流方式實(shí)際上受性別的影響。男性的語(yǔ)言與女性的語(yǔ)言完全不同。由此可知，烏邦語(yǔ)言的特別之處在于性別對(duì)語(yǔ)言使用有影響。]2.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)ChichiUndie在第三段中所說(shuō)的話(huà)“Therearealotofworksthatmenandwomen...theyarecompletelydifferentwords.”可知，男性和女性有很多詞是共用的，還有一些詞則因?yàn)樾詣e的不同而完全不同。它們的發(fā)音不一樣，字母也不一樣，它們是完全不同的單詞。由此可知，男性和女性的語(yǔ)言既有共同之處，也有差異。]3.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句話(huà)“TheUbanglanguagehasbeensustainedbyoraltraditionforseveralyears...”可知，烏邦語(yǔ)言多年來(lái)一直是通過(guò)口述形式流傳，結(jié)合本段最后一句酋長(zhǎng)OliverIbang所說(shuō)的話(huà)“Ifthelanguagedies,thatmeansthatthepeopleofUbangnolongerexist.(如果這種語(yǔ)言消亡了，那就意味著烏邦人不復(fù)存在了。)”可知，烏邦語(yǔ)對(duì)烏邦社區(qū)而言十分重要。]4.A[寫(xiě)作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句和第二段第一句，以及最后一段中的theuniquenessofUbanglanguageis...thecorerichnessofthepeople可知，整篇文章都是圍繞烏邦社區(qū)的交流形式展開(kāi)討論，并反映出其獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言文化。]【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。該文介紹了南喬治亞博物館，就博物館所處的地理位置、氣候、開(kāi)放目的以及工作人員的生活等進(jìn)行了介紹。5.D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedinGrytviken’soldwhalingstation”和“Thebuildingthatnow...forover20years”可知，南喬治亞博物館過(guò)去曾經(jīng)是捕鯨站。]6.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話(huà)“Themuseumroomsarenamedafter...insomeway”可知，博物館的各個(gè)房間都是以在某種程度上為該島的發(fā)展或保護(hù)做出貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人命名的。]7.A[詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞所在句中的and連接兩個(gè)句子，and后面的“freshfoodoptionsarerare”指的是可選擇的新鮮食物很少。由此并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，and前的那句話(huà)應(yīng)該表示互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入不好。]8.C[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，該篇文章介紹了南喬治亞博物館，對(duì)其所處的位置、氣候以及開(kāi)放目的等進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明，旨在吸引更多游客前來(lái)參觀，故可知，我們可以在網(wǎng)站的旅游欄目看到此篇文章。]Ⅱ.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。害羞的女孩第一次上臺(tái)參加演講比賽，作者非常擔(dān)心，但結(jié)果令他非常震驚，女孩非常堅(jiān)定并表演成功，獲得勝利，讓作者感到非常激動(dòng)。1.B[根據(jù)上文的“Onthenightof...theshygirl.”和下文的“whenIknewtheboy...personalstyle”可知，作者很擔(dān)心女孩，所以此處表示作者的心沉了下去。beat“跳動(dòng)”；sink“下沉”；lose“丟失”；break“弄壞”。]2.A[根據(jù)下文的“wasfairlysuccessfulwithhishumorandpersonalstyle”可知，男孩的演講果真優(yōu)秀。sureenough“果然，果真”；worsestill“更糟糕的是”；aboveall“最重要的是”；inaddition“此外”。]3.C[根據(jù)上文的“whenIknew...andpersonalstyle”可知，男孩演講很精彩，聽(tīng)眾總是鼓掌。此處表示全場(chǎng)幾乎每隔30秒就爆發(fā)出一陣掌聲。]4.A[根據(jù)下文的“Itwasthefirsttime...onthestage”可知，女孩第一次上臺(tái)作者很擔(dān)心，所以手掌開(kāi)始出汗。]5.D[根據(jù)上文的“Itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage”可知，這是她的第一次登臺(tái)，所以作者不能因?yàn)槿魏尾铄e(cuò)責(zé)怪她。slip在此作名詞，意為“差錯(cuò)”，屬于熟詞生義。try“嘗試”；pose“姿勢(shì)”；guess“猜測(cè)”。]6.D