高考英語人教版一輪課件語法專題12特殊句式

語法專題十二特殊句式-2-高考感悟考點歸納1.(2018·北京,單項填空)Inanyunsafesituation,simply

(press)thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.

press

句意:在任何不安全的情況下,只需摁一下這個按鈕,一位訓(xùn)練有素的特勤人員就會來幫你。本題是“祈使句+and+簡單句”結(jié)構(gòu),故填動詞原形。2.(2018·天津,單項填空)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse

wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

that

句意:只有當(dāng)汽車停在我們房子前,我們才看到在乘客座位上的莉莉。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為:It

is/

was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+that/

who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人時)+其他部分。-3-高考感悟考點歸納3.(2017·天津,單項填空)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment

Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbours.

that

句意:就在我回到公寓的時候,我第一次遇見了我的新鄰居。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成為:It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分。本句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時間狀語從句when

I

got

back

to

my

apartment,故用引導(dǎo)詞that。4.(2016·全國Ⅱ,語篇填空)Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,

(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.

make

前面whatever

it

is引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,此處是一個完整句子,因此只能用動詞原形放句首,構(gòu)成祈使句。-4-高考感悟考點歸納5.(2016·天津,單項填空)You

are

waiting

at

a

wrong

place.It

is

at

the

hotel

the

coach

picks

up

tourists.

that

句意:你等錯地方了。長途汽車在賓館接游客。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的構(gòu)成為:It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他部分。本句中at

the

hotel是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,故填引導(dǎo)詞that。6.Always

(keep)inmindthatyourmaintaskistogetthiscompanyrunningsmoothly.

keep

句意:始終記住你的主要任務(wù)是使公司運轉(zhuǎn)順利。祈使句省略了第二人稱you,謂語動詞用原形。7.It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo

makeslifehappy.that

句意:不是做我們喜歡的事情而是喜歡我們要做的事情才使得人生幸?？鞓?。此處為“It’s...that...”強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語,故填that。

-5-高考感悟考點歸納倒裝1.表示時間、地點、方位和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子謂語是go,come,run等不及物動詞,可將謂語全部置于主語之前。但主語是人稱代詞時,不倒裝。Upwentthearrowintotheair.颼的一聲箭射上了天。Look!Fromoppositethestreetcome

two

kids,screaminginpanic.看!街對面過來兩個孩子,(他們)驚慌地尖叫著。-6-高考感悟考點歸納3.such做表語置于句首時,也常常用全部倒裝。Suchwas

Einstein,asimplemanbutagreatscientist.這就是愛因斯坦,一個樸實的人,而且又是一位偉大的科學(xué)家。4.表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”。(1)形容詞+連系動詞+主語Presentatthemeetingwere

some

experts.到會的是一些專家。(2)過去分詞+連系動詞+主語Gone

are

the

dayswhenwewalkedtowork.我們步行上班的時代一去不復(fù)返了。(3)介詞短語+連系動詞+主語Amongthegoodsare

flowers,candles

and

toys.貨物中有花,蠟燭和玩具。-7-高考感悟考點歸納1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意義的副詞以及bynomeans,notuntil,notonly,notaword,notasingle,onnocondition,innocase等表示否定意義的詞組開頭,要用部分倒裝語序。Never

have

I

heardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.我在外國從來沒有聽到過演奏得這么好的美國音樂。Not

only

do

the

nurses

wantapayincrease,theywantreducedhoursaswell.護(hù)士們不僅想要增加報酬,她們還想要減少工作時間。-8-高考感悟考點歸納2.當(dāng)句子用so,nor,neither開頭,說明前面一句話中的情況也適用于另外一些人或物時,主語和謂語部分倒裝。TomlikesEnglish,andso

do

I.湯姆喜歡英語,我也喜歡英語。3.在so/such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào),把so/such提到句首時,主謂要倒裝。So

moved

was

shethatshecouldnotsayaword.她感動得一句話都說不出來。So

fast

does

he

runthatheisfaraheadofothers.他跑得那么快以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了其他人。-9-高考感悟考點歸納4.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時句子要用倒裝語序,即要將從句中的表語、狀語或從句中的動詞提到as/though的前面。在as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,做表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用加任何冠詞。Child

as

he

is,heknowsalot.盡管他是個孩子,但他懂得很多。5.在省略if的虛擬條件句中,were,had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。Had

you

comeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.如果你早來幾分鐘,你就能看見他了。-10-高考感悟考點歸納6.當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時,采用部分倒裝形式。要注意“only+主語”用在句首時不倒裝。Only

whenLilywalkedintotheofficedid

she

realizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.直到莉莉走進(jìn)辦公室,她才意識到自己把合同落在家里了。Only

you

can

helpme.只有你能幫助我。7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May

you

succeed!祝你成功!8.neither...nor...連接兩個并列分句時,這兩個分句都要用倒裝形式。Neither

do

I

knowit,nor

do

I

careaboutit.我既不知道這件事,也不關(guān)心這件事。-11-高考感悟考點歸納省略1.單獨使用不定式符號to代替不定式后被省略的動詞,常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等詞后;或放在表情緒的詞后,代替被省略的動詞,常見詞有g(shù)lad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,則不應(yīng)省略。Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenot

to.那個司機(jī)想在路邊停車,但是警察不讓(他停在那兒)。-12-高考感悟考點歸納Heisnotalawyernow,butheused

to

be.他現(xiàn)在已不是律師了,但他曾經(jīng)是。Yourworkhasn’tbeenhandedin,butitoughtto

have

been.你的作業(yè)還沒交,但早該上交了。-13-高考感悟考點歸納2.感官動詞或使役動詞(feel,notice,see,hear,let,make,have等)后接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語時常省略to。Iheardmyfathersinginthekitchen.我聽見爸爸在廚房里唱歌。3.在由and或or連接的并列不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中常省略后面的to。Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.我想完成作業(yè)然后回家。4.在donothingbut,can’thelpbut,whynot,wouldrather...than...,hadbetter等句型中省略to。Thelittleboycoulddonothingbut

cry.小男孩只能哭,別無他法。-14-高考感悟考點歸納1.在由when,while,if,asif,although/though,as,until,once,whether,where等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致且從句謂語含有be時,可省略狀語從句的主語和be。When(he

was)young,hehelpedhisparentsdoalotofhousework.他小的時候幫父母干了很多家務(wù)活。-15-高考感悟考點歸納2.當(dāng)從句的主語是it,謂語動詞是be動詞時,可以把it和be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成“連詞+形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Though(it

was)cold,hestillworeashirt.盡管天冷,但他仍然穿著一件襯衣。Pleasecallmeif(it

is)necessary.如果需要,請給我打電話。3.在ifso/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的內(nèi)容。Getupearlytomorrow.If

not(=Ifyoudon’tgetupearlytomorrow),youwillmisstheearlybus.明天早點起床,不然的話,你就會錯過早班車。-16-高考感悟考點歸納強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時,可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時,用that。如:It

wasJohnwho/thatworehisbestsuittothedancelastnight.是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會。It

washisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.約翰昨晚是穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會的。-17-高考感悟考點歸納強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式為

“Is/Wasit+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑問句形式為“特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+that/who+其他成分”。Was

itinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的時候開始打籃球的?Where

was

it

thatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingback?你回來之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了?-18-高考感悟考點歸納not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時,not與until要放在一起。Bachdiedin1750,butit

was

not

untiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世紀(jì)早期他的音樂才華才受到普遍認(rèn)可。It

was

not

untilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.直到他把太陽鏡摘下來我才將他認(rèn)了出來。-19-高考感悟考點歸納附加疑問句1.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時,附加疑問部分的主語與謂語常和主句保持一致。Hesaidthattheywouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’t

he?他說他們要來參加我的生日聚會,是嗎?2.當(dāng)陳述部分主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主語為第一人稱時,附加疑問部分的主語和謂語與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致;當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主語為第二、三人稱時,后面的疑問部分的主語和謂語與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。Theydon’tbelievehewillsucceed,do

they?他們不相信他會成功,是嗎?-20-高考感悟考點歸納當(dāng)陳述部分帶有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定詞時,附加疑問部分用肯定形式。但帶有表示否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞時,其附加疑問部分用否定形式。HecouldhardlyspeakEnglish,could

he?他幾乎不會說英語,是嗎?Hedislikesplayingthepiano,doesn’t

he?他不喜歡彈鋼琴,是嗎?-21-高考感悟考點歸納祈使句“祈使句+and+簡單句”表示“如果……就……”Contributeabitlove,andyouwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.只要你能獻(xiàn)出一點愛,你就會使這個世界成為一個更好的居住家園。-22-高考感悟考點歸納“祈使句+or+簡單句”表示“……否則……”Listentotheteachercarefullyinclass,oryoucan’tcatchwhatheissaying.上課時仔細(xì)聽老師講,否則你聽不懂他在說什么。注意有時名詞短語可以看作祈使句。A

few

more

minutes

and

I

will

finish

the

work.再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁瓿蛇@項工作。-23-高考感悟考點歸納感嘆句Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatahappydayitis!多么快樂的一天啊!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!Howtallaboyheis!這個男孩真高啊!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!-24-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.單句填空1.Allthephotographsinthisbook,unless

(state)otherwise,datefromthe1950s.(2020·河北石家莊第二中學(xué))

stated

句意:這本書里所有的照片,除非有說明,否則,都能追溯到20世紀(jì)50

年代。句子補(bǔ)全為:unless

(they

are)

stated...。主從句的主語一致,而且從句中有be動詞,所以省略了從句的主語和be。2.Overcomeit

wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.

and

此處為“祈使句+and+陳述句”,故用連詞

and。3.Don’tforgettoputthetoolsbackwheretheywereafteryouhavefinishedyourwork,

you?

will

句意:干完活不要忘了把工具放回原處好嗎?否定祈使句的反意疑問句用肯定形式,故填will

you。-25-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter

shementionedherownplan.

that

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu):It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。句意:直到將近這封信的末尾她才提到自己的計劃。5.Theteacherstressedthatthestudentsshouldnotleaveoutanyimportantdetailswhile

(retell)thestory.

retelling

本句是一個省略句,由于主句的主語和從句的主語一致,而且從句謂語中含有be動詞,所以省略了從句的主語和be動詞。6.ItwasonlywhenIwatchedthefilmasecondtime

Ihadabetterunderstandingofwhatitwastalkingabout.

that

句意:我再次觀看這部電影時,我才更好地理解了它討論的是什么。題干中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是only

when

I

watched

the

film

a

second

time。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu):It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。-26-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.

(take)adeepbreathandyouwillimmediatelyfeelthespringintheair.

Take

句意:深呼吸,你就會立即感覺到春天的氣息。此處是句型:祈使句+and+陳述句。8.Atthetopofthehill

(lie)anoldcottagewhichhasawonderfulviewofthewholecity.

lies

本句為表示地點的介詞短語置于句首,所以句子要用完全倒裝形式。主語是an

old

cottage,句子是一般現(xiàn)在時,故填lies。-27-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.單句改錯1.Notonlydotheuseofplasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet,italsoincreasespollutionandwastesenergyandwater.(2019·湖南高三六校聯(lián)考)do→does

not

only...but

also...連接兩個句子時,前面的句子要用部分倒裝。句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù),所以助動詞用does。2.YoumayfindhowthiswillbenefityourwalletwhenpurchasedBritishproducts.(2019·浙江余姚中學(xué)模擬)purchased→purchasing

本句是省略句,句子補(bǔ)全為:when(you

are)

purchasing

British

products。由于主句的主語和從句的主語一致,所以省略了主語和are。-28-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Don’tafraidofmakingmistakes.afraid前加be

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為祈使句,afraid為形容詞,故afraid前加動詞原形be。4.ItwasjustthenwhenIbegantoworryaboutmysafety.when→that

此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時間狀語,故用that。5.Suddenly,hecriedout:“Oh,theyare13peoplehere!”they→there

由句意“這里有13個人”可知,應(yīng)用there

be句型。故將they改為there。6.Idon’tknowhowmanyyearsagoitwaswhenpeoplebegantostayathomeandcivilizationbegan.when→that

此句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是how

many

years

ago。-29-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Iwasafraidshemightalreadyhaveseenthefilm,butshedidn’t.didn’t→hadn’t

根據(jù)might

already

have

seen可知,該句表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè),因此從句用過去完成時。故將didn’t改為hadn’t。8.Myunclewasabsolutelydelightedwiththepresent,butmyauntdidn’t.didn’t→wasn’t

該句是由并列連詞but連接的并列句,后邊的分句中可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分,以避免重復(fù)。前邊為was,故應(yīng)將didn’t改為wasn’t。-30-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確順序填空1.Undernocircumstances

(children,should,be)allowedtodrive.

should

children

be

此句為表示否定意義的詞組開頭,要用部分倒裝語序,故應(yīng)填should

children

be。2.Onlyaftermonthsofplanning

(ready,they,were)fortheconference.

were

they

ready

此處為only所修飾的介詞短語位于句首,應(yīng)采用部分倒裝形式,故應(yīng)填were

they

ready。3.Nosooner

(I,had,left)thanIheardthemlaughing.

had

I

left

此處no

sooner表示具有否定意義的短語放在句首,要用部分倒裝語序,故應(yīng)填had

I

left。-31-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Now

(time,the,was)toescapeandshejumpedfromthewindow.

was

the

time

該句為表示時間的副詞now位于句首,要用完全倒裝語序,故此處應(yīng)填was

the

time。5.Manyatime

(plan,she,did)todivorceherhusband,butsheneverdid.

did

she

plan

many

a

time

在句中充當(dāng)了狀語,且提前至句首,故引起部分倒裝。6.Onlywhen

(Jane,has,arrived)canwestarttheparty.

Jane

has

arrived

此處為only+狀語從句位于句首,其中狀語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序,故應(yīng)填Jane

has

arrived。-32-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.

(Max,It,was)whoborrowedthemoney.It

was

Max

該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,其基本構(gòu)成為:It

is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。故應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t

was

Max。8.Never

(seen,I,have)somuchsnowinNovember!

have

I

seen

此句以表示否定意義的副詞never開頭,故要用部分倒裝語序。9.Notuntil

(saw,I)JohnwithmyowneyesdidIreallybelievehewassafe.

I

saw

該句為not

until引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,置于句首,主句要用部分倒裝,從句應(yīng)用陳述語序,故應(yīng)填I(lǐng)

saw。-33-ⅠⅡⅢⅣ10.Sobeautiful

(was,girl,the)thatnobodycouldtalkofanythingelse.

was

the

girl

此句為so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句,且so位于句首,故主謂要倒裝。-34-ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.短文改錯DearLiLei,I’vereceivedyourletterandIdeepunderstandhowyoufeelnow.However,don’tfeeldisappointingorevendoubtyou