新教材高中英語UNIT4HISTRYANTRAITINS教知識細(xì)解碼案含解析新人教版必修第二冊

PAGE10-UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS1．defendvt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)→defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)2．evidentadj.明顯的；明白的→evidencen．證據(jù)；證明3．a(chǎn)chievevt.完成；成就；取得→achievementn．成就；成績；達(dá)到4．surroundvt.圍繞；包圍→surroundingadj.周圍的→surroundingsn．環(huán)境5．locatev．確定……的地點(diǎn)→locationn．地方；地點(diǎn)；位置6．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.非法的7．greetvt.問候；迎接→greetingn．問候；迎接1．individualadj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的；獨(dú)特的；與眾不同的n．個(gè)人；與眾不同的人；有個(gè)性的人①Thecompetitionisopentobothteamsandindividuals. n.個(gè)人②Shehasherownindividualstyleofdoingthings. adj.獨(dú)特的③Ateachercan'tgiveindividualattentiontoeachpupilifhisclassislarge.adj.單獨(dú)的2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高級別的；總的；主要的n．族長；酋長；主管人員；(公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的)首領(lǐng)①Hemarriedoffhisdaughtertothelocalchief. n．首領(lǐng)②Donwasappointedchiefengineeroftheproject. adj.總的③Thechiefreasonforgoingtoschoolistolearn. adj.主要的3．positionvt.安裝；使處于；確定……的位置，找到……的位置n.姿勢；處境；職位①Largetelevisionscreenswerepositionedateitherendofthestadium. v.安裝②Thisputhimandhiscolleaguesinadifficultposition. n.處境③Makesurethatyouareworkinginacomfortableposition. n.姿勢WordsandPhrases知識要點(diǎn)1join...to...把……和……連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(教材P40)Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.16世紀(jì)，鄰近的威爾士并入英格蘭王國。[例1]ThecomputerhasnotbeenjoinedtotheInternet.這臺電腦還沒有連上網(wǎng)。[例2]Howcanwejointhisislandandthatone?我們怎樣才能將這個(gè)島和那個(gè)島連接起來？[知識拓展]joinin 參加；加入joinsb.in(doing)sth. 加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事jointheclub/army/party 加入俱樂部/參軍/入黨joinup(withsb.) (與某人)聯(lián)合，會合[即學(xué)即練]介詞填空①WejoinedpointAtopointBinastraightline.②Weplantojoinupwiththeotherclimbersontheothersideofthemountain.③Everybodyhastojoininthetraining.知識要點(diǎn)2breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脫離；背叛；逃脫(教材P40)Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromtheUK...最后，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭的南部脫離了英國……[例1]Whatcanwedotohelpthembreakawayfromthedifficultposition?我們能做些什么來幫助他們擺脫困境呢？[例2]Itwaswrongforhimtobreakawayfromallhisgoodfriends.他和他所有的好朋友決裂是錯(cuò)誤的。[知識拓展]breakdown 損壞；分解；(汽車)拋錨breakin 非法闖入；插嘴，打斷breakinto 破門而入，非法闖入；突然……起來breakoff 打斷；折斷；中斷(說話)breakout (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)breakthrough 沖突；突破breakup 分解；分裂[即學(xué)即練]用break的相關(guān)短語填空①Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.②Wehadtobreakintothehouseaswehadlostthekey.③Inordertogetsomemoney，themanbrokeupthatoldmachineandsoldsomeparts.④Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepoliceman，buthefailed.⑤Thefirebrokeoutduringtheday，andthereforealmostnoonewasinjured.知識要點(diǎn)3belongto屬于(教材P40)ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.所屬英國的四個(gè)國家在一些領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了合作。[例1]Thosebooksbelongtothelibrarybutthisismyown.那些書是圖書館的，但這本是我自己的。[例2]Anyonehasnorighttotakethelandbelongingtothestateastheirown.任何人都沒有權(quán)力占有屬于國家的土地。[知識拓展](1)belongin 適于；適宜(放在某處)(2)belongingsn. 動產(chǎn)；財(cái)物[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Theheadteacherkeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewell-educated.②Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.③ThemountainvillageIvisitedlastweekismadeupof30familiesbelonging(belong)tofivenationalities.[名師點(diǎn)津]belongto用法兩注意belongto中的to是介詞，該短語既不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后置定語時(shí)，形式為“...belongingto”。知識要點(diǎn)4(教材P40)Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence．像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣，他們也使用同一面國旗。(1)aswellas同(一樣也)；和；還[例1]Wecanknowmoreaboutthelifeofgreatpeopleaswellashistoryandculturesofothercountries.我們能夠了解更多偉人的生活以及其他國家的歷史和文化。[例2]Aswellasbeingaphotographer，sheisatalentedmusician.她除了是個(gè)攝影師，還是個(gè)天才音樂家。[知識拓展]aswellas連接兩種詞性、結(jié)構(gòu)對等的成分，如對等名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式等。重點(diǎn)掌握以下要點(diǎn)：(1)aswellas連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞根據(jù)其前面的名詞或代詞確定。(2)aswellas位于句首，相當(dāng)于besides，inadditionto，后接動詞時(shí)，用動名詞形式。(3)aswellas也可以表示同級比較，意思是“和……一樣好”，well為副詞。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/同義句改寫①Helen，aswellasherbrothers，hasgone(go)abroadalready.②Aswellaslearning(learn)English，wewanttoexperiencelifeintheUSA.③Studentsshoulddeveloptheirowninterestsaswellasdo(do)theirschoolwork.④Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy(health)．⑤Hedidn'tperformaswellassomeofhiscompetitors.⑥Theyvisitedsomefactories，hospitalsaswellastheschool.→Theyvisitednotonlytheschoolbutalsosomefactoriesandhospitals.(2)defencen．防御；保衛(wèi)[例1]Indefenceofournation，manysoldierslosttheirlives.為了保衛(wèi)我們的國家，很多戰(zhàn)士獻(xiàn)出了生命。[例2]Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks.這些城墻是為防御敵人襲擊而修建的。[知識拓展](1)indefenceof... 為了保衛(wèi)……(2)defendvt. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；為……辯護(hù)defend...from/against... 保衛(wèi)……以免受……[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim'ssuccessfuldefence(defend)inthefootballgame?②Whattalkingpointscanberaisedindefenceofthisargument?③Studentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromsomeattacks.知識要點(diǎn)5surroundvt.圍繞；包圍(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.幾乎無論你走到英國的哪個(gè)地方，周圍總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四批人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國。[例1]Alakeisanareaofwatersurroundedbyland.一個(gè)湖泊就是被一片陸地包圍的水域。[例2]Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylife，it'sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithproperemotionalsupport.如果你真的想過上健康的生活，和能給你提供適當(dāng)情感支持的人在一起是尤為重要的。[知識拓展](1)besurroundedby... 被……包圍、環(huán)繞(2)surroundoneselfwithsb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起(3)surroundingadj. 周圍的；附近的(4)surroundingsn. 環(huán)境[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①WhenIcametotheairport，Isawthattheplacewassurrounded(surround)bypolice.②Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow，surrounded(surround)byhisfamily.③Standingonthetop，weadmiredthesurrounding(surround)scenes.④Shewasfacedwithanewjobinunfamiliarsurroundings(surrounding)．⑤他喜歡結(jié)交幽默的人們。Helikestosurroundhimselfwithhumorouspeople.[小片段填空]Onceuponatime，akingwhowaspolitetosurroundingcountries，livedinacastlesurroundedbyalargeforestandhavingwonderfulsurroundings．(surround)知識要點(diǎn)6keepone'seyesopen(for)留心；留意(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心的話，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你能看到它的過去和現(xiàn)在。[例1]Keepyoureyesopenforaboyinaredcapandaredsweater.你要留心注意一個(gè)戴紅帽子、穿紅毛衣的小男孩。[例2]Justkeepyoureyesopenandyourmouthshut.請你睜大眼睛，閉上嘴巴。[知識拓展]keepaneyeon 照看，照管；留心注意looksb.intheeye(s) 直視別人haveaneyefor 對……有判斷力/鑒賞力catchsb.'seye 吸引某人的注意[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①We'veaskedtheneighbourstokeepaneyeon(照看)thehouseforuswhileweareaway.②Aredpencil-markonthefifthpagecaughthiseye(引起了他的注意)．③Agoodartistmusthaveaneyeforcolour(對顏色有判斷力)．SentencePatterns重點(diǎn)句式1everywhere引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.幾乎無論你走到英國的哪個(gè)地方，周圍總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四批人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國。[句式分析]句中everywhereyougointheUK為everywhere引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whereveryougointheUK。[例1]Everywheretheylooked，nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.他們無論朝哪里看，幾乎一切都被毀了。[例2]Iwantedtosaveupmoneyandbuymyowncar，soIappliedeverywhereIcouldthatsummer.那年夏天，我想攢錢買屬于自己的車，所以四處求職。[知識拓展]引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where(在……地方)，wherever(無論哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到處)，anywhere(任何地方)。[即學(xué)即練]完成句子/同義句改寫①這位電影明星所到之處都有成群的人等著見她。Whereverthefilmstargoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.②你可以去任何你喜歡的地方。Youcangoanywhereyoulike．③有志者，事竟成。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway．④She'llwearfinejewelleryeverywhereshegoes.→She'llwearfinejewellerynomatterwhere/wherevershegoes.重點(diǎn)句式2theway后接定語從句(教材P40－41)TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．他們是英語的創(chuàng)始人，并且改變了人們建造房屋的方式。[句式分析]句中theway后為省略了關(guān)系詞that或inwhich的定語從句。[例1]Doittheway(that/inwhich)youweretaught.要按照教你的那樣做。[例2]Iwasimpressedbythewayinwhichshedidit.她完成這件事的方式給我留下了深刻的印象。[知識拓展](1)theway后面的定語從句，關(guān)系詞若在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于“用這種方式/方法(＝inthisway)”時(shí)，通常不用關(guān)系詞，偶爾用that，在較正式的文體里才用inwhich來引導(dǎo)。(2)theway后不能用how引導(dǎo)定語從句，但也可以不用theway，而直接用how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句來表達(dá)這類意思。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thewaythatthismattercanbeuseddependsonitsproperties.②Thewaywhich/thatwasthoughtofbyhimofdoingtheexperimentwassimilartothewaythatyoucarrieditout.③我不喜歡他和他父母說話的方式。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.④他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。Theway(which/that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.1．(教材P40)AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，everywhereyougointheUK為地點(diǎn)狀語從句，whotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞people。[譯文]幾乎無論你走到英國的哪個(gè)地方，周圍總有跡象表明，在歷史上，有四批人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治著英國。2．(教材P41)ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientportcitythathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句，thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞city，其中現(xiàn)在分詞短語datingallthewaybacktoRomantimes作名詞history的后置定語。[譯文]首都倫敦是一個(gè)很好的起點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)古老的港口城市，它的歷史可以追溯到羅馬時(shí)代。3．(教材P41)Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[譯文]如果你留心的話，你會驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你能看到它的過去和現(xiàn)在。教材高考1.ThefourcountriesthatbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(2020·天津卷)Thetwobelongtogether.2.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(2019·天津卷)Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(2019·江蘇卷)Anddon'tforget：wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking，caving，climbingandcycling.4.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforhergreatachievement(achieve)．2．Scientistsarepuzzled(puzzle)astowhythewhaleswamtotheshore.3．Heisaclerkbelonging(belong)tothiscompany.4．Menandwomen，youngandold，werefightingagainstthefloodindefence(defend)oftheirownhomes.5．Surrounded(surround)byrowsoftrees，ourlibrarystandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.6．Inordertoprovethatheisinnocent，somenewevidence(evident)isneeded.7．Idon'tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.8．TheEnglishteacher，aswellasthestudentswassinging(sing)asongwhenIpassedtheclassroom.9．Thevillagewasusedasthelocation(locate)forapopularTVseries.10．Parkinglotownersshouldbelegally(legal)responsibleforprotectingvehicles.Ⅱ.短語填空join...to...；belongto；breakawayfrom；aswellas；leavebehind；resultin；takeover；datebackto；keepone'seyesopen；besimilarto1．Datingbackto1933，theSouthLakeParkinChangchunislocatedinthesouthwesternpartoftheChangchuncity.2．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindmanybeautifulancientwoodentowers.3．Shetookoverhisworkafterhisdeparture.4．Bothgroupsjoinedforcestopersuadevoterstoapproveataxbreakfortheindustry.5．TomaswellashisparentswenttoHongKongtospendthesummerholiday.6．OnlythendidIrealizethatitwasfoolishofmetobreakawayfromallofmyfriends.7．Youmightlearnthathastemakeswasteifyoudosomethingsofast，resultinginmistakes.8．Asisknowntoall，culturalrelicsbelongtohumanbeings