Unit2ExploringEnglish單元知識點學案-高中英語

Unit2ExploringEnglish【核心單詞】1.__________n.題目，標題2._______adj.（觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的3.________adj.獨一無二的，獨特的4.___________n.類型，種類5._____________v.聯(lián)系，聯(lián)絡6.__________adj.可能的，可能發(fā)生的7._________n.一套住房，公寓套房8.__________n.一套住房，公寓套房9._________n.上下文，語境10.__________n.增加物，添加物資料11.__________n.資料（教學）資源12._______v.提醒，使…想起13._________adv相當，頗14._________n.評論15.__________adj.在城鎮(zhèn)中心區(qū)的,在鬧市區(qū)的16.________n.大門（口）,入口（處）17.________n.出口18._________n.區(qū)域19.____________adv.事實上，實際上20.________adj.消極的，負面的21.__________n.錯誤，謬誤【拓展詞匯】1.__________n.行為，舉止→_______v.表現(xiàn)，舉止2._________adj.令人困惑的→_________v.使困惑→________adj.感到困惑的→_________n.困惑，疑惑3._______v.顯示，反映→___________n.反映，思考，反射4.___________n.創(chuàng)造性，創(chuàng)造力→________adj.有創(chuàng)造性的，有創(chuàng)造力的→__________n.創(chuàng)造力，創(chuàng)造5.__________adj.看得見的，可見的→__________adj.看不見的6._________adj.不熟悉的，不了解的→________adj.熟悉的7.____________n.組織，團體，機構→________v.組織→________n.組織者8.__________v.計劃，打算→_______n.意圖，目的，打算9._______adj.（書寫或言談）非正式的→_________adj.正式的10.____________v.認識，辨認出→_____________n.認出，識別11.______v.以……為基礎→________n.基礎;根據(jù)12._________adj.意識到的，明白的→________n.意識;認識;感悟能力SectionAI.詞匯1.accordingto據(jù)（……所說）;按照……所報道,根據(jù);依照;按照accordingtothelatestsurvey根據(jù)最新調查accordingtotherecords根據(jù)紀錄accordingtotheweatherreport根據(jù)天氣預報accordingtothepolice按照警方的說法goaccordingtotheplan按照計劃進行Ps：accordingto用來引出來自他人或他處的消息，不能與me或myopinion連用。表達"依我看"可用inmyopinion/view。accordingtome(×)accordingtomyopinion(×)inmyopinion(√)asfarasI'mconcerned(√)accordingtoMike(√)①WheredoyoungmengotowatchbiggamesaccordingtoJeff?②Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep…③AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon'thavetoreadthebookifwedon'twantto,asitisoptional.④______________tradition,theschoolwillholdagrandpartyonNewYear'sDay.根據(jù)傳統(tǒng).學校在元日的時候將舉行感大的晚會。⑤Inmyopinion,thetitleofthispassageneedstobeimproved.我認為這篇文章的標題需要改進。opposingadj.（觀點、意見等）相反的，相對立的opposev.反對opposedadj.對立的oppositeadj.相反的;對面的;對立的prep.在……對面n.對立面，反義詞take/haveanopposingview持相反的觀點anopposingteam對方球隊aplayerfromtheopposingside對方的運動員twoopposingcamps兩個對立的陣營拓：opposedoingsth.反對做某事beopposedto(doing)sth.反對（做）某事，不贊成（做）某事beoppositeto與……相反theoppositeof.……的對立面intheoppositedirection在相反方向①Whenreferringtothetopic，theseniorspecialisttookan_______（oppose）view.②Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.③Hisparentsareopposed_____themarriage.他的父母反對這樁婚事。④Thegymistenmilesintheoppositedirection.3.behaviorn.舉止，行為(=behaviour)behavev.表現(xiàn);舉止得體good/badbehavior良好/惡劣行為socialbehavior社會行為one'sbehaviortowards...某人對……的行為behaviorproblems行為問題changeone'sbehavior改變某人的行為圖behaveoneself守規(guī)矩，舉止得體behavewell/badly表現(xiàn)得好/差behavelike/asif/asthough表現(xiàn)得好像….wellbehaved表現(xiàn)好的badlybehaved表現(xiàn)差的①LiMinghasreceivedanawardforhisgoodbehavior.②Gettingmorepeopletobevolunteerscanhelpformgoodsocial______（behave）.③Studentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopgoodhabitsandbetterbehave_____（them）.④Thoughunderpressure，hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.【同步練習】

(1)

My

cousinJim

didn’t

behave___________(he)

at

theparty

and

thus

left

a

bad

impression

onthe

guests.

(2)The

boy_____(behave)

well

atthe

banquetand

everyone

praisedhis

proper_____(behave).4.confusingadj.令人困惑的confusevt.使困惑;（將……）混淆confusedadj.困惑的，糊涂的confusionn.困惑;混淆findsth.confusing覺得……令人困惑sth.beconfusingforsb.某事物令某人困惑averyconfusingexperience讓人莫名其妙的經(jīng)歷confusesb.使某人困惑confuseAwithB把A和B弄混beconfusedabout對……感到困惑bee/getconfused變得困惑aconfusedexpression困惑的表情toavoidconfusion為避免混淆inconfusion困窘地①They______mebyaskingsomany_______questions.Iwastotally________standingtherein______andnotknowingwhattodonext.(confuse)②Shesteppeddown，looking_________（confuse）.③Ialwaysconfuseyou_______yoursister—youlooksoalike.【同步練習】

(1)Wecan

conclude

from

his_____that

this________lookproblem

really________him.

(confuse)

(2)Becareful

not

to

confuse“abroad”________“aboard”.

The

two

words

arevery

similar.

(3)

He

looked

at

me

in

________(confuse)and

did

not

answer

the

question.

(4)When

you

are

confused______somewords

in

reading,

you

can

refer________the

dictionary.5.uniqueadj.獨一無二的，獨特的;難得的，罕見的;獨具的，特有的auniquestyle獨特的風格auniquecharacter獨特的個性auniqueopportunity難得的機會auniquetalent奇才beuniqueto..為………所獨有①Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandauniquestyle.②Thesculptureisunique____thiscollege.該雕像是這所大學獨有的。burnupburndown燒毀燒毀，燒盡burnout（火）燒盡，燃盡;累垮burnoff燃盡;燒掉;消耗能量burnaway燒掉;燒光burn...totheground把……徹底焚毀①Thespacecraftburnedupasitenteredtheearth'satmosphere.②Thenninedayslater，afireburnedthelibrarytotheground.7.alarmn.警報器;鬧鐘v.使驚恐;使害怕;使擔心alarmingadj.驚人的;使人驚恐的analarmclock鬧鐘analarmbutton警報器按鈕analarmsignal警報信號inalarm驚慌地，驚恐地raise/soundthealarm發(fā)出警報setoffthealarm觸發(fā)警報器firealarm火警analarmingincrease驚人的增長①（2018·全國Ⅱ卷七選五）Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!②Therainforestsaredisappearingatan________（alarm）rate.aredisappearing是現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，即"將要消失"v.顯示,反映;映出（影像）;反射;認真思考reflection.反映;映像;反射;深思reflecttheviewsof…反映………的意見reflectthefactthat...反映……這一事實bereflectedin反映在………中;映在………中reflectlight反射光線reflecton/upon認真思考beareflectionof是…的反映on/uponreflection經(jīng)過考慮后one'sreflectioninthemirror某人在鏡中的影像①Yourfrightenedexpressionreflectedyourrealfeelings.②（2019·全國Ⅱ卷閱讀）"Ireflect_____howmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,"hesaid.③Yourclothesareoftena_______(reflect)ofyourinnerworld.【同步練習】

(1)Our

school

motto_______(reflect)

theimportance

we

place______good

manners,hardwork

and

success.

(2)The

lake

is

calm

and

clear,

and

one

ofthe

things

that

are

reflected

the_______water

is

the

famous

tower.

(3)I

think

you

should

stop

for

a

moment

andreflect

________your

success

andfailure.

(4)(2018河南信陽模考)What

oneculture

considers

a

confusing

or

awkwardpausemaybe

seenby

others

as

avaluable

moment

of________(reflect)anda

sign

of

respect

for

what

the

lastspeaker

has

said.9.creativityn.創(chuàng)造性，創(chuàng)造力createv.創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)作creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的;創(chuàng)造（性）的artisticcreativity藝術創(chuàng)造力havecreativity有創(chuàng)造力express/showcreativity表達/展示創(chuàng)造力develop/encouragecreativity培養(yǎng)/激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力createwealth創(chuàng)造財富createnewjobs創(chuàng)造新的工作崗位creativethinking創(chuàng)造性思維①Todevelopone's______(create),onemustfirstlearntobeconfident.②（2019·全國Ⅲ卷短文改錯）Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthat_______（create）forthem.③Theideafortheposteris______(create).10.windup給（機械）上發(fā)條;使（活動、會議等）結束winduptheclock給鐘表上發(fā)條windupthediscussion/meeting結束討論/會議windupdoingsth.以做某事告終It'stimetowindthingsup.到事情結束的時候了。windthecarwindowup/down把車窗搖上去/搖下來windup/downto..蜿蜒通向……windone'swayalong沿……蜿蜒伸展圖wind的過去式、過去分詞均為wound。①Weneedtowind_______now.Weonlyhavefiveminutesleft.我們現(xiàn)在該結束了，只剩5分鐘的時間了。②（2018·北京卷閱讀）Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceanans.③Windyourcarwindowdownsothatyoucanhaveabetterviewofthesceneoutside.Ⅱ.句式11.havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難教材例句HaveyoueveraskedyourselfwhypeopleoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish?你有沒有問過自己，為什么人們常常覺得學英語很困難?例Heishavingtroublegettinghismessageacrosstohisfriends.他難以向他的朋友們傳達自己的意思。拓展：havedifficulty（in）doingsth.做某事有困難havenotrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.毫不費力地做某事haveahard/difficulttime(in)doingsth.做某事有困難havetrouble/difficultywithsth.在……方面有困難例Thedriverhaddifficultystartinghisengineonsuchacoldday.在這樣寒冷的天氣里，司機很難發(fā)動引擎。①IhavetroubleinmemorizingEnglishwords，soI'mreadytolearnJapanese.②Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultywehad_______（walk）homeinthesnowstorm.③Thelocalpeoplehavenotroubleexchangingafewwordswiththeforeigner.④Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtime______(remember)thenamesofsomeofhisfriends.12.表示否定意義的詞位于句首引起倒裝教材例句Neitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.而pineapple（菠蘿）里既分析：沒有pine（松樹），也沒有apple（蘋果）。neither表示否定意義，位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序。neither.nor…意為"既不……也不……"。拓展：表示否定意義的詞或短語位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序，即把系動詞be、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放到主語之前。這樣的詞或短語有never，neither，nor,hardly,rarely,seldom,little,bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,onnoaccount等。①Neitherwasthepriceoftravelingsatisfactory,norwastheschedulesuitableforme.②Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount_______________________mobilephonesinhisclass.那位教授告誡學生們，他們絕不應該在他的課上使用。13.分詞的獨立結構教材例句Andspeakingofhome,whyaren'thomeworkandhouseworkthesamething?分析：有的分詞（短語）可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實際上已經(jīng)成了習慣短語。例如∶talking/speakingof，generallyspeaking（總體而言，一般說來），franklyspeaking（坦白說），judgingfrom/by（根據(jù)……判斷），supposing（假設，已由分詞轉化為連詞），providing/provided（只要，如果……的話，已由分詞轉化為介詞），considering/given（考慮到，已由分詞轉化為介詞）等。例SpeakingofHarry,haveyouseenhimrecently?Judgingfromhistone,there'snodoubtheisagainstit.We'llbuyeverythingyouproduce,providedofcoursethepriceisright.①Speakingoftablemanners,keepyourvoicelowandpleasantduringthemeal.②__________(speak)ofteachers,Ican'tforgetmyparents,whohavetaughtmetheimportanceofworkethicandhowtotellrightfromwrong.③Generallyspeaking，yourarrivalshouldn'tbelaterthanthefixedtime.=4\*GB3④_________(judge)fromthewayhelaughedashetoldit，itwasmeanttobehumorous.=5\*GB3⑤Supposing(that)youarewrong,whatwillyoudothen?=6\*GB3⑥Theotherbanksaregoingtobeveryeagertohelp,providedthattheyseethathehasaspecificplan.=7\*GB3⑦She'sveryactive,consideringherage.14.That/This/ltiswhy+結果.那/這就是為什么…（why引導表語從句）教材例句Thatiswhywhenthestarsareout,theyarevisible,butwhenthelightsareout,theyareinvisible.拓展："That/This/Itisbecause+原因."意為"那/這是因為…（because引導表語從句）"。"Thereason（why..）isthat."意為"（…的）原因是…（why引導定語從句，that引導表語從句）"。Hewasill.That'swhyhewastakentothehospital.。Hewastakentothehospital.That'sbecausehewasill.Thereasonwhyhewastakentothehospitalwasthathewasill.①（2020·全國Ⅱ卷語法填空）Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.②That's_______Iwanttobeadolphintrainerinthefuture.那就是未來我想成為一名海豚訓練員的原因。③Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis______aboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空看，地球是藍色的。這是因為地球表面大約71%被水覆蓋。④Thereason______helookedfrightenedwas______hesawasnakeontheroad.他看起來害怕的原因是他在路上看到了一條蛇。課后自測提升I.單詞拼寫1.Thesoldierswentallouttobattleagainstthe______（對立的）armyallday.2.Hisgood______（行為）gainedthepraiseofhisclassmates.3.Heburnedupthefamouspainting,whichwas______________（令人困惑的）.4.Thissculptureis________（獨一無二的）;ithasmadeadeepimpressiononus.（反映）howyouuseyourcreativitytoexploretheunknownworld.6.Sheisteachingseniorhighschoolstudentshowto______（雕刻）inanartclass.7.Theboywas_______（想家的）whenhesawthepineapplesentbyhismother.8.Isetthe_____（警報）clockfor7pmsothatIcouldseethedramaperformanceontime.9.Thesculptureshowsthesculptor'sextraordinary________（創(chuàng)造力）.10.Therainhadstoppedandarainbowwas______（看得見的）overthemountains.II.單句寫作II.單句寫作1.Wewillsubscribetomagazines_______（根據(jù)）ourpersonalinterests.2.Thewholefamilywasinpanicbecausethefire______（燒盡）everythingandthehousewas_______（燒毀）.3.Inordertocatchupwiththefirstsubway,rememberto_______（給……上發(fā)條）theclock.4.Thestudentsgraduatingfromuniversity_____________（應對現(xiàn)實有困難）.（那就是為什么）hewantedtoimprovehisteachingmethod.（談到）hisconfusingbehavior,Idon'tknowwhattosay.III.單句語法填空1.Shewantedtoimprovethechild's_________(behave).topicisso________(confuse)thatitishardtounderstand.arethe_________(reflect)ofone'sinnerworld.theychosethesamemajor,theirschedulesare_________(oppose).havetrouble_______(gain)theopportunitybecausetheirconditionsarenotenough.isairsick;thatis_______helikestravelingbytrain.hegraduated,hehasbeenworkingon__________(sculpt).8.Atthemeeting,hereferredtotheimportanceofdevelopingstudents'___（create）.SectionB詞匯typen.類型，種類vt.&vi.打字typistn.打字員ofthis/thattype這種/那種類型的atypeof一種類型的alltypesof各種類型的o把……鍵入（計算機）typetheletters打信件typewithone'sfingers用手指打字近義詞kind，sortatype/kind/sortof一種…….alltypes/kinds/sortsof各種各樣的①Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.②Thiswordisusedasatitle，soyouneed______（type）thecapitalizedletters.2eacross①偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)runinto/meetbychance②被理解eacrossanoldfriend碰到一位老朋友eacrossthisbookinaoldbookstore在一家舊書店里發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書eabout發(fā)生（常與how連用）eout出現(xiàn);開花;出版，發(fā)表;透露eto合計;總共eupwith提出，想出etrue實現(xiàn)，成真eover過來;順便來訪eon快點，開始efrom來自;出生于①Canyoutellmewhatyoucameacrossyesterdayevening?②Hespokeforalongtime,buthismeaningdidnote________.③Whenwalkingdownthestreet，I__________David,whomIhadn'tseenforyears.④Weneedto___________________specificmeasurestosolvethisproblem.3.unfamiliaradj.不熟悉的，不了解的beunfamiliarwith對………不熟悉beunfamiliarto為……所不熟知圍否定前綴∶ununusualadj.異常的，不平常的unfoldv.（卷著的東西）展開，打開①ShespeaksnoJapaneseandisunfamiliar_______Japaneseculture.②Shegrewmanywonderfulplantsthatwereunfamiliartome.4.contactv.聯(lián)系，聯(lián)絡n.【U】聯(lián)系;接觸contactsb.immediately/directly立即/直接與某人聯(lián)系contactsb.byemail/telephone通過電子郵件/與某人聯(lián)系makecontactwithsb/getincontactwithsb.與某人取得聯(lián)系keepincontactwithsb.與某人保持聯(lián)系havecontactwithsb.與某人接觸losecontactwithsb.與某人失去聯(lián)系beincontactwithsb.與某人有聯(lián)系physical/eyecontact身體/眼神接觸形近詞contractn.合同v.收縮①Contactmedirectlyifyoueacrossdifficulties.②IfinallymadecontactwithherinParislastyear③It'sunusualforasquirreltohaveanycontactpeople.④Ihavebeen_____contactwithmyEnglishteacheraftergraduatingfrommyseniorhighschool.5.likelyadj.可能的，可能發(fā)生的adv.很可能unlikelyadj.不可能的"Itis/waslikely+that從句.=Sb/Sth.belikelytodosth."，意為"很可能……",主語既可以是人也可以是物。Itis+possibleforsb.todosth./possible+that從句./probable+that從句.possible和probable作表語時不能用人作主語①Theyoungmandidn'tfindtheorganization.Hewaslikely_____(be)unfamiliarwiththatarea.②While_____islikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.雖然他可能對這些書理解得很少，但這些書引導他研究古典繪畫。③Whatisthemanmostlikelytohavefordinner?6.additionn.增加物，添加物addv.增加，添加anadditionto……的添加物inaddition除此之外，此外可用于句首、句中成句末。用于句首或句中時，通常用逗號與句子的其他部分隔開·inaddition"除此之外，此外".是介詞短語，單獨作狀語;·inadditionto"除……以外（還）"，是短語介詞，后面要接名詞、代詞或動名詞，相當于介詞besides和短語介詞aswellas，apartfrom。Inadditiontoswimming,shelikesplayingtheguitar.①Theproductsareofhighquality.Inaddition,thepriceislow.②_______,Icanseedifferentkindsofbeautifulbirds.此外，我可以看到不同種類的美麗的鳥兒。③___________theschool,thevillagehasaclinic,whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.除了學校，村里還有一家診所，也是在政府的援助下建成的。④Inadditionto______(read)forknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.add(1)vt.&vi.加vt.

增加，添加

add...to...把...加到...里(常用added

to...作后置定語)add

to增加，增添

add

sth.

up

=

add

up

sth.把...加起來add

up

to總共是，總計為

The

fireis

going

out;

will

you

add

some

wood

to

the

fire?

The

dictionary

is

out

of

date:

many

words

have

been

added

to

the

language

since

it

waspublished.The

bikesharing

service

adds

to

the

convenience

of

the

traffic

in

the

city.

The

time

I

spend

on

paperwork

every

day

adds

up

to

six

hours.(2)v.補充說，繼續(xù)說

常見搭配：add

that...補充說....(在句中常用adding

that...作狀語)He

expressed

his

satisfaction

with

the

trip

and

added

that

he

would

e

again.

辨析比較：add

up...

/add

up

to/

add

to/add...

to...易混詞組區(qū)別addup“把...加起來”，只強調“加起來”，不說明結果,其主語通常是人。賓語是代詞時要放在add和up中間。

Please

add

the

figures

up.請把這些數(shù)字加起來。

You

haven’t

added

them

up

right.你沒有把它們加對。add

up

to“總共是，總計為(

=e

to)”，后多跟合計起來的數(shù)目，主語通常是figure,

number,

bill等。該短語不用于被動語態(tài)。

Thefiguresaddupto100.這些數(shù)字加起來等于100。add

to“增加(

=

increase)”，其賓語多為difficulty,pleasure,

trouble

等抽象名詞，add在此為不及物動詞。

What

I

had

done

added

to

his

trouble.我所做的給他添麻煩了。add...to...“把.....加到...”，強調動作，add在此為及物動詞。

Ifyou

add

more

salttothe

dish,

itwill

tastebetter.【同步練習】①By

2020,Chinese

will

be

added_________the

list

of

languages

in

Ireland’snational

exams.

②If

youadd

those

fourfigures_________,it

es

to

over

￡

500.

③Applying

to

four

panies

for

a

postevery

month,

as

far

as

I

know,has

added_________

the

chances

of

my

brother’sbeing

employed(雇傭).

=4\*GB3④Heexplained

the

task

we

faced

and_______(補充說)

that

all

themoney

we

collected

so

far

only_________(總共是)

half

of

what

weneeded

and

the

ing

cold

weather

woulddefinitely(肯定)_________(增加)

ourdifficulty.Ⅱ.句式7.while用作并列連詞教材例句Americansliveinanapartment,whiletheBritishliveinaflat.美國人住在"apartment"里，而英國人住在"flat"里。解析：本句是由并列連詞while連接的并列句。while作并列連詞時，表示前后分句內容的對比。當while用于表示轉折對比意義時，它和whereas一樣，都與but同義，因此把它們都歸人并列連詞。Janeisslimwhilehersisterisfat.Americanstalkaboutputtinggasintheircars,whereasintheUK,peopleputpetrolintheircars.①（2020·全國Ⅲ卷閱讀）..shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.②Whilemybrotherisseasick，mysisterisairsick.while作并列連詞時一般是放在句子中間，但個別情況下可以位于句首③Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot...as…同級比較結構和...一樣...教材例句It'snotasconfusingasitseems...其實并非看上去那么令人困惑..."as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as..."表示同級比較，意為"和/像…一樣……";其否定形式為notas/so...as..."不如……那樣……";此結構的常用句式結構有∶·as+adj/adv+as...·as+adj.+a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as...·as+many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+as...·as+much不可數(shù)名詞+as...①（2019·天津3月卷閱讀）ButIdidnotfindmyresultstobe____________hadhopedtheywouldbe.但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的結果不像我希望的那樣好。②Ihaveread___________________________youhaveread.我讀的書和你讀的書一樣有趣。課后自測提升I.單句語法填空1.AI,whosefunctionisimpressivetous,isshort______artificialintelligence.believedkniveswouldremindpeople_____killingsandweretooviolentforuseatthetable.gymoffersadvancedequipment.In_________(add),membersarefreeeveryTuesday.wishIcoulddosomethingmore_______(create)tochallengemyself.struggledtobeethepresidentofalargeinternational_________(organize).waslikelytobe__________(familiar)withyou,sohedidn'tsayhellotoyou.II.翻譯句子1.我喜歡彈鋼琴，而她喜歡攝影。（while）________________________________________________________遺憾的是，我妻子不像我那樣喜歡戲劇。（notasfondof...as...)________________________________________________________我們正在寫日記，而他們正在讀書。（while）________________________________________________________初中生和高中生一樣努力奮斗。（ashardas）________________________________________________________III.語法填空Tomwasaseniorhighstudent.HeknewEnglishplayedanimportantpartinmanyfields1________present,sohedecidedtolearn2____________well.InordertoimprovehisEnglishrapidly,hecametohisfriendforhelp.Inhisfriend'sopinion,havingagoodmandofEnglishwas3_________(base)onfrequentpractice.SoTommadefulluseofhissparetimetorecitethe4_________(spell)andusagesofthewords.Besides,hereadmanyfamousworksofShakespeare5________(enrich)hisvocabulary.AndhetriedtospeakEnglishas6___________(frequent)aspossible.7_______(gradual)hisEnglishwasimprovedbecauseof8______hehaddone.NowhecanspeakEnglish9_______(fluent)andhe10___________(recognize)asoneofthetopstudentsinhisclass.Heisgratefultohisfriendforhishelp.單元語法構詞法

知識點1詞性轉換(轉化法)

1.動詞轉化為名詞

通常，動詞轉化為名詞時意義變化不大，多表示與動作本身相關的事物，很容易猜測出詞義。

Let’s

go

out

for

a

walk.

He

is

a

man

of

strong

build.Let’s

have

a

swim.

Can

I

have

a

drink?

She

had

a

worried

look

on

her

face.特別提醒：由動詞轉化而來的名詞常與give,

have,

make,

take,

go手動詞搭配來表示一個動作。如：

giveakick踢了一腳

takearest休息

takeabath洗澡

goforaswim去游泳

have

a

drink喝一杯

have

a

bet打賭2.名詞轉化為動詞

很多表示物體、身體部位、某一類人或動物的名詞可用作動詞。這些由名詞轉化而來的動詞常常表示具有該名詞活動特點性質特征的動作，精練而又生動。(1)表示具體物體的名詞轉化為動詞book

n.書→v.預訂

water

n.水→v.給....水mail

n.郵件→v.郵寄shipn.船→v.運送

(2)表示身體部位的名詞轉化為動詞handn.手→v.遞facen.臉→v.面對shouldern.肩膀→v.扛headn.頭→v.前進back

n.背部→v.后退(3)表示某一類

人的名詞轉化為動詞nursen.護士→v.護理hostn.主人→v.主辦

mothern.母親→v.像母親般照管pioneern.先驅→v.做先volunteer

n.志愿者→v.

自愿做(4)表示動物的名詞轉化為動詞snaken.蛇→v.蜿蜒前進wolfn.狼

→v.狼吞虎咽fishn.魚

→v.釣魚parrotn.鸚鵡

→v.鸚鵡學舌地說

3.形容詞轉化為動詞

形容詞轉化為及物動詞時多表示“使.....”，轉化為不及物動詞時多表示“變得.....”此類詞常見的有：perfect完美的→使完善

slow慢的→放慢better較好的→改善

empty空的→倒空

dirty臟的→使變臟

smooth光滑的→使平滑dry

干的→(使....變干)

brave勇敢的→勇敢地面對4.形容詞轉化為名詞

某些形容詞可以用來指代具有它所表示的性質的事物，如表示顏色的形容詞。某些形容詞與the連用可以表示“某一類人”。如：

whiteadj.白色的→n.白人blackadj.黑色的→n.黑人

pooradj.貧窮的→(與the連用)n.窮人

oldadj.老的→(與the連用)n.老年人5.副詞轉化為動詞有一些副詞可以轉換為動詞，如further,near,down等。Shetookthenewjobtofurtherhercareer.【同步練習】

1.While

shewas

in

Paris,she

developed

a_________for

fine

art.

A.

way

B.

relation

C.

taste

D.

habit

2.Parents

and

children

shouldmunicate

more

to

the________gap

between

them

so

that

they

canunderstand

each

other

better.

A.

open

B.

narrow

C.

widen

D.

leave知識點2前綴和后綴(派生法)派生法是指給單詞加上前綴或后綴構成新詞的構詞方法，是構詞法中最常見的一種。前綴一般只改變詞的意義，不改變詞的詞性。而后綴常常改變詞的詞性，構成意義相近的其他詞性的單詞，個別后綴也會改變詞的意義。1.前綴

常見的前綴有：前綴例詞前綴例詞disdislike不喜歡preprehistoric史前的preview預演ilillegal非法的postpostpone推遲im

in

irimpossible不可能的

incorrect不正確的irregular

不規(guī)則的cocoworker同事

合作nonnonprofit非營利的interinternational國際的interview面試ununfortunate不幸的autoautomatic自動的autobiography自傳mismisunderstand誤解misfortune不幸multimulticultural多元文化的enenlarge擴大overoverload使超載overthrow推翻rerecycle回收利用underunderfoot在腳下underestimate低估2.后綴(1)常見的名詞后綴后綴例詞后綴例詞er/ee/oractor演員reporter記者employee雇員mentdisappointment失望agreement協(xié)議movement運動esshostess女主人actress女演員nesskindness仁慈tiredness

疲勞ant/entaccountant會計student學生hoodknighthood騎士身份childhood兒童時代(i)anmusician音樂家orphan孤兒shiphardship艱苦l(xiāng)eadership領導身份alrival競爭者survival幸存ityreality現(xiàn)實equality平等istnovelist小說家

socialist社會主義者domfreedom

自由wisdom智慧anceenceperformance表演confidence信心urefailure失敗exposure暴露

(t)ionationdiscussion討論introduction介紹graduation畢業(yè)(2)常見的形容詞后綴后綴例詞后綴例詞ableacceptable可接受的affordable支付得起的fulpowerful強大的doubtful有疑問的alnational國家的chemical化學的lesshomeless無家可歸的useless無用的engolden金色的wooden

木制的sometroublesome令人煩惱的ingtiring

令人困倦的oushumorous幽默的dangerous危險的ishchildish幼稚的foolish愚蠢的lyfriendly友好的weekly每周的iveexpensive昂貴的destructive破壞性的ycloudy多云的lucky幸運的(3)常見的動詞后綴后綴例詞后綴例詞enwiden加寬deepen加深izerealize實現(xiàn)modernize使現(xiàn)代化fysimplify使簡化beautify美化(4)常見的副詞后綴后綴例詞lyslowly慢慢地ward(s)backward(s)向后知識點3合成法

把兩個或兩個以上的詞結合在一起構成個新詞，這種構詞法叫作合成法，由合成法構成的詞叫合成詞。

1.合成名詞的主要構成方式構成方式例詞n.+n.suitcase手提箱mankind人類eggplant茄子adj.+n.greenhouse溫室shorthand速記highway公路blackboard黑板v.+n.scarecrow稻草人breakwater

防波堤pickpocket扒手playground

操場adv.+n.inland內陸

overcoat長大衣adv.+v.outbreak爆發(fā)downfall垮臺output產(chǎn)量ine收入n.+preppasserby路人lookeron旁觀者其他方式wellbeing健康daybreak

拂曉grownup大人brotherinlaw

妹/姐夫特別提醒：合成名詞變復數(shù)時，通常有以下兩種情況：

(1)“名詞+名詞”構成的合成名詞，一般情況下，主體名詞變成相應的復數(shù)形式，如：boy

student→boy

students

男學生。如果名詞是man/woman，則前后兩個名詞都用復數(shù)形式，如：man

doctor→men

doctors

男醫(yī)生。

(2)有些合成名詞無主體名詞，則在最后一個詞的詞尾加或

es，如：grownup→grownups

大人。2.合成形容詞的主要構成方式構成方式

例詞warmhearted熱心腸的goodtempered脾氣好的adj.

+

vinggoodlooking漂亮的easy

going隨和的adv.

+

vinghardworking工作努力的far

reaching影響深遠的n.

+vingpeaceloving愛好和平的timesaving

節(jié)省時間的n.

+vedhandmade手工制作的snowcovered被雪覆蓋的adv.

+

vedwidespread廣泛的wellknown著名的adj.

/adv.

+

n.fulltime全職的highclass

高級的indoor室內的n.

+adj.worldwide世界各地的snowwhite雪白的fourlegged四條腿的oneeyed獨眼的num.

+

n.

+(

adj.)eightyearold八歲的three

metre

(long)三米長的3.合成動詞的主要構成方式構成方式例詞n.

+v.sunbathe沐日光浴sleepwalk

夢游adv.

/prep.+v.downloadupset

打翻使煩惱undergo經(jīng)歷adj.

+v.whitewash粉刷broadcast

廣播4.合成副詞的主要構成方式構成方式例詞adj.

+n.

hotfoot匆忙地adv.

+

adv.however不管多么prep.+

n.

overnight在晚上一夜之間prep.

+

adv.

forever永遠5.合成介詞的主要構成方式構成方式

例詞adv.

+

n.

outside在....外面prep.

+

adv.

within在....之內合成詞的數(shù)量很大，有時一個名詞可以合成許多新的合成詞。以hand為例：handshake握手handwriting書法handphone，移動知識點

4縮略法

利用詞的第一個字母代表一個詞組的縮略詞，就叫作首字母縮略詞。

常見的縮略法有：構成方式例詞首字母縮略法APEC—AsiaPacific

Economic

CooperationIT—Information

Technology

WTO—World

Trade

OrganizationVIP—Very

Important

Person截頭法airplane一plane

telephone

一phone去尾法examination一examphotograph

一photolaboratory一lab專項練習I.單句語法填空methodis___________(certain)creativebutweareunfamiliarwithit.2.Theyperformed______(count)gooddeedstogaineveryone'sapproval.spoiledmy_________(enjoy)ofthefilmbydoing_____uncivilizedbehavior.wastotally________(understand)thatyoudidn'tgowithusbecauseyouwereairsick.5.Weneedtofinda_______(solve)tothespecificproblemassoonaspossible.alwaysholdstheopposingview,soeveryone_______(like)him.sheenteredtheapartment,shenoticeda______(shine)object.8.Thesculptureisoneofthemost________(success)worksofthefamousartist.isauniquecitywhichisfamousforthe________(product)ofcars.10.Shewaslookingforwardtothesportsmeeting,but_______(luck)itwascancelledbecauseoftheweather.11.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___________(introduce)ofelectricpoweredenginesandelevators.12.Don't__________(understand)me.WhatIreallymeanisthatheisunfamiliarwiththeproblem.13.Acampusisaplacewherestudentshaveaccessto__________(educate).14.Be________(care)nottogotoextremes,andyouwilloverethepressure.15.Itis________(fair)tomemorizeallthewordsinsolittletime.II.先合成詞，再填空,long,passer,film,short,well,cold,baby,get,low,known,time,maker,wave,sitter,term,together,lying,bloodedwantstotakethe_____jobadvertisedontheposter._____radiocanpickupvariousprogrammes.Disney,thegreat__________,showedextraordinarycreativity.4.Actually,theDeadSeaisvery_________,ataround430metersbelowsealevel.5.We'rehavingalittle________tocelebratethathewillgraduatenextmonth.confusingbehaviorattractedalotof____________.is_______thatWTOisshortfortheWorldTradeOrganization.8.____________useoffertilizerscancausedamagetolandresourcesandpeople.manwasrather_________becausehedidn'tfortthecryingchild.10.Iwanttoselectagood______tolookaftermydaughter.III.語法填空Youngpeopleoftenhave1_______(difficult)selectingtherightkindofjob.However,forSusanThomas,womantorise2____________(successful)throughtherankstobeeChiefConstable,itwas3______(possible)toconsiderdoinganythingelse.Her4_________(educate)wasdifferent.Shechangedschools11times!Butitmadeherhavethe5________（able）toadapt（適應）todifferentsituations.Afteruniversity，shejoinedinapolicepromotion（晉升）programme.Sherealizedlaterwhatagreat6_________(achieve)itwastopasstheexam.Beforetheexam,shereceivedsometraining.Thetrainingwas7_______(exhaust).Thejobitselfisharderthanmostpeopleimagine.Susanworkstenhoursaday.Butsheconvincedthather8_____(choose)ofcareristherightone.SectionCDevelopingideas,Presentingideas&Reflection詞匯remindv.提醒，使…想起remindern.提醒人的事物todosth.提醒某人做