工程測量英語常用詞匯

1、測量英語常用詞匯一、工程測量詞匯與短句：Absolute elevation 絕對高程adjusted elevation 平差高程Relative elevation 相對高程alignment 準(zhǔn)直alignment error 校正誤差/alignment stake 定線樁pile allowed error 容許誤差/artificial error 人為誤差assumed elevation 假定高程測量放樣setting out/軸線放樣setting out of axis/ background 背景/back sight 后視base measurement 基線測量/ba

2、se-line 基線/bearing mark 方位標(biāo)記bench level 水準(zhǔn)點高程/bench mark（BM） 水準(zhǔn)點，基準(zhǔn)點calculation error 計算誤差/ check 檢核/ check measuring point 校核測點/check of leveling line 水準(zhǔn)路線檢測/ ground elevation 地面標(biāo)高construction survey施工測量/contour等高線/extra contour 輔助等高線contour interval 等高距/ slope distance 斜距/control line/net/point 控制

3、線，控制網(wǎng)，控制點coordinate 坐標(biāo)/coordinate grid 坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)格correction 改正數(shù)/detection 檢測/ deviation 誤差counter-clockwise 順時針方向/design coordinate 設(shè)計坐標(biāo)design elevation設(shè)計高程/detail survey詳測/difference in elevation高差elevation of sight 視線高程/ elevation of line of sight 視線標(biāo)高error誤差/error control誤差控制/error correction 誤差foresig

4、ht 前視/ front-view 前視圖height of instrument 儀器高程/stability of instrument 儀器穩(wěn)定性horizontal angle水平角/horizontal deviation 水平偏差/horizontal distance 水平距離/horizontal line 水平線land smoothing survey 土地平整測/lay out/location/locating 放樣solid error 固定誤差/observation error 觀測誤差/overall error 總誤差instrument parallax 儀

5、器視差scale比例尺/scale accuracy 比例尺精度/scale error 比例誤差/spirit level 水準(zhǔn)器set up the instrument安置儀器/setting out of axis 軸線放樣/site survey 現(xiàn)場勘測surveying sheet 測量圖/surveying stake 測量標(biāo)樁/surveyors pole標(biāo)桿stakingout work現(xiàn)場定線/state plane coordinate system /國家平面坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)triangulation 三角測量/tripod 三角架/turning point 轉(zhuǎn)點unifo

6、rm slope 等坡面/vertical control net 高程控制網(wǎng)/vertical control survey 高程控制測量visual observation 目測/zero elevation 零高程closure traverse 閉合導(dǎo)線把儀器架到這個點上,把儀器收到車?yán)颯et up the instrument over this control point/ take it back into the pick-up 把棱鏡立直不要動Hold the prism straight and stable 在這附近有控制點嗎？ Is there any controll

7、ing point around？ 測這條路的橫段面，每25m一個斷面Make a survey of road transverse surface/cross section every 25 meters 我們給的高程是墊塊的頂部高程這高程是開挖高程The elevation is for excavation/the top of the kicker 請把推土機開走它擋住我的視線我們看不見棱鏡了Please move away the bulldozer; it blocks my sight of the prism 用白油漆在U-drain寫里程樁號Write down the

8、chainage number on Udrain with white paint 我們儀器里沒有這些點的坐標(biāo)要一個一個的輸入進(jìn)去My instrument does not have the coordinates of these points； we have to put in these figures one by one. 這個樁的位置不是很準(zhǔn)確需要改一下The location of this stake/peg is not right; we have to correct it。 用長皮尺測量一下這路的寬度Measure the width of road with t

9、ape measure 從這點到路邊的大概距離是多少？ What is the general/rough distance between this point and the road sideline? 從這點到路的中心線的估計高差是多少？ What is the estimated elevation difference from this point to the central line？ 把彩條系到樁子上Tie/fasten the ribbon to pegs/stakes 這個坡的坡度應(yīng)該是很緩的這個坡的坡度是1：3 The gradient of this slope s

10、hould be flat/ is one in three。 用警示條和竹竿把這個區(qū)域封上以免毀壞標(biāo)桿測量學(xué)各章詞匯及英文對照測繪Surveying 測定survey layout settingout survey 普通測量學(xué)general survey 大地測量學(xué)geodetic survey 攝影測量與遙感學(xué)photogrammetry and remote sensing 海洋測繪學(xué)marine surveying 工程測量學(xué)engineering surveying 制圖學(xué)cartography 測量基準(zhǔn)面datum plane 大地水準(zhǔn)面geodetic surface； gei

11、od鉛垂線plumbline 水準(zhǔn)面level plane 參考橢球面reference ellipsoid 旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球rotating ellipsoid 大地坐標(biāo)系Geodetic coordinate system 大地經(jīng)度earth longitude（B）大地緯度earth latitude （L）空間直角坐標(biāo)系spatial rectangular coordinates 獨立平面直角坐標(biāo)系independent plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯平面直角坐標(biāo)系Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system

12、 高斯投影Gaussian projection 高程系統(tǒng)height system 高程原點height datum 曲率curvity/curvature 平面控制測量The plane control survey 高程控制測量Elevation control survey 第二章水準(zhǔn)測量Leveling Surveying 水平視線horizontal sight 高程elevationheight 高差Difference of height 后視backsight前視foresight 水準(zhǔn)尺Leveling rod 水準(zhǔn)儀The Level（instrument)水準(zhǔn)點Benc

13、h Mark 尺墊turning point plate 微傾式水準(zhǔn)儀slightly leaning level（instrument）望遠(yuǎn)鏡telescope 水準(zhǔn)氣泡bubble 管水準(zhǔn)器tube level bubble 圓水準(zhǔn)器round level bubble 基座base 物鏡objectives 目鏡eyepieces 聚焦透鏡the focus lens 十字絲分劃板the cross partition board 目鏡調(diào)焦螺旋eyepiece optical screw 物鏡調(diào)焦螺旋objectives optical screw 管水準(zhǔn)器tube level bubb

14、le 圓水準(zhǔn)器round level bubble 三腳架The tripod 視差parallax 視準(zhǔn)軸Collimation axis 水準(zhǔn)點Bench mark 水準(zhǔn)路線Leveling line 閉合水準(zhǔn)路線Alosed level route：A loop level route 附合水準(zhǔn)路線A line level route：Annexed level route， 支水準(zhǔn)路線An open-ended level route:Spur level route.轉(zhuǎn)點Turning point 閉合差misclosures 閉合差允許誤差：Misclosure allowable

15、 error 檢核check 校正Calibration 自動安平水準(zhǔn)儀Autometic level 補償器compensator 銦瓦水準(zhǔn)尺Invar rod 電子水準(zhǔn)儀Electronic level條碼尺Barcode rod 誤差：error 微傾螺旋2. Slightly sloping spiral分劃板護(hù)罩Partition board shield目鏡3。 Eyepiece物鏡對光螺旋The objective convergence spiral制動螺旋Braking spiral微動螺旋Fine-tune the spiral底板Base8. 三角壓板Triangle l

16、inking piece9.腳螺旋Feet spiral: 10. Spring cap彈簧冒11。 The telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡12 。 Objective 物鏡13。 Tube level管水準(zhǔn)器14 。Round level manometers圓水準(zhǔn)器15。 Connections small screws: 連接小螺絲16。 Shaft block： 軸座第三章角度測量Angles surveying 水平角Horizontal angle（HA） 豎直角The vertical angle（VA） 光學(xué)經(jīng)緯儀optical theodolite（transit） 照準(zhǔn)部Coll

17、imation device 望遠(yuǎn)鏡Telescope， 豎直度盤vertical dish， vertical circle 水準(zhǔn)管Level bubble 讀數(shù)設(shè)備Readings equipment 水平度盤Horizontal dish 測微尺M(jìn)icrodistance measuring sensor 垂球Plumb bob 對中centering 整平level 光學(xué)對中器optical centering device 側(cè)回法Observation set method 方向觀測法direction observation method 豎直角指標(biāo)誤差I(lǐng)ndex error of

18、 vertical angle 豎軸The vertical axis VV 水平軸The horizontal axis HH 望遠(yuǎn)鏡視準(zhǔn)軸The telescope collimation CC 對中誤差Plummet error 目標(biāo)偏心差Target eccentric error 電子經(jīng)緯儀Electronic theodolite 第四章距離測量Distance surveying 直線定向line orientation 鋼尺Steel tape 定線Fixing line 視距測量Stadia measurement 電磁波測距儀Electromagnetic rangefin

19、der 微波測距儀Microwave rangefinder 光電測距儀Photoelectric rangefinder 激光測距儀Laser rangefinder 紅外測距儀Infrared rangefinder 相位測距儀Phase type rangefinder 脈沖式測距儀Pulsed rangefinder 全反射棱鏡Total reflecting prisms 真北方向True north direction 磁北方向Magnetic north direction 坐標(biāo)北方向Coordinates north direction 方位角Azimuth 真方位角True

20、azimuth (A） 磁方位角Magnetic azimuth(Am) 坐標(biāo)方位角Grid azimuth(） 磁偏角Magnetic declination 子午線收斂角meridian convergence 羅盤compass 第五章全站儀TOTAL STATION 水平制動、微動螺旋Horizontal motion clamp， Horizontal tangent screw 光學(xué)對中器Optical plummet telescope 粗瞄鏡Sighting collimator 物鏡Objective lens 整平腳螺旋Leveling screw 豎直制動、微動螺旋Ver

21、tical motion clamp， Vertical tangent screw 目鏡Telescope eyepiece 管水準(zhǔn)器Plate level 圓水準(zhǔn)器Circle level 單棱鏡組Single prism system 超站儀（Smart station） Automatic total station ， ultra station instrument 交會測量Resection measurement 放樣測量Setting-out survey 對邊測量Missing Line Measurement (MLM） 懸高測量Remote Elevation Meas

22、urement （REM) 第六章測量平差:Surveying Adjustment 測量誤差:surveying errors 系統(tǒng)誤差：Systematic error 偶然誤差:random error；accidental error 最或是值：The most probable value 多余觀測：Redundant observation 算術(shù)平均值：arithmetic average ;Arithmetic means 精度指標(biāo)：Accuracy index 中誤差:Root mean square error （RMSE） 允許誤差：Allowable error 相對誤差

23、:Relative error 觀測值改正數(shù)：Observation correction value 誤差傳播定律：Law of errors propagation 全微分：Total differential 權(quán)：Weight 加權(quán)平均值:The weighted average （mean）權(quán)倒數(shù)傳播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law 第七章控制測量：Control surveying 碎部測量：detailed surveying 平面控制網(wǎng)：Plane control network 高程控制網(wǎng)：Elevation control network 小區(qū)域控制網(wǎng)：Small area control network 控制點：control points 國家控制網(wǎng):State Control net GPS測量：