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Obligatorygalvanize:galvanize:Togalvanizesomeonemeanstocausethemtotakeaction,forexamplebymakingthemfeelveryexcited,afraid,or刺激：electrifyexciteintoxicate,pumpup,titillate,turngoad,prod,spur,stimulate,provoke,agitate,motivateMarshall'sconfrontationalstylecouldalienatealmostanyone:heevenantagonizedaboardofdirectorsthatincludedMarshall'sconfrontationalstylecouldalienatealmostanyone:heevenantagonizedaboardofdirectorsthatincludedanumberofhissupportersandthathadareputationfornotbeingOnecriticassertsthatmodernurbanarchitecturecausessensorydeprivationbecauseOnecriticassertsthatmodernurbanarchitecturecausessensorydeprivationbecauseitfailstoprovidevisualandtactile ImpotencyImpotency:(=impotence)lackinginpower,strength,orvigor無能：impotence,incapability,incapacity,incompetence,ineptitude,insufficiency,preventsyoufrommovingfreelyordoingwhatyouwantTherestoftheworldislessencumberedwithlegislation...lessencumberedbyruleswhichwethinkunnecessaryandrestricting.ThescienceofastronomywasbegunbyamateursThescienceofastronomywasbegunbyamateursandtodayremainsdependentontheircontributions,whichareincisivebyvirtueofbeing bytheaprioriassumptionthatoftenvitiatetheworkofprofessionalresearchscientists.ByvirtueByvirtue通過……優(yōu)勢，憑借，因Hehadwonthegamebyvirtueofhisstrengthofwill.Byvirtueofsenseofresponsibilitytheemployeesworkedovertimeconsistentconsistentconsistentwith：Ifonefactorideaisconsistentwithanother,theydonotcontradicteachother.一致：accordant,coherent,concordant,conformable(to),congruous,consonant,correspondent(withorto),harmonious,consistent真題來consistent真題來源Justatadistoomuchlessisworsefortadpolesexposedtochemicals.Theherbicideatrazineismorelikelytokilldevelopingamphibianswhenitishighlydilutedthanwhenit'smuchmoreconcentratedinaquaticenvironments,anewstudysuggests.Althoughcounterintuitive,thefindingisconsistentwithsomecontroversialpastresearchonatrazineandstudiesshowingthatotherhormonallyactivecompoundsaremostdamagingattraceconcentrations.consistentconsistent背景補充：Scientistswhohavelookedforbiologicaleffectsofthecontaminanthavereportedinconsistentresults.Somescientistshaveobservednoproblemsinanimalsexposedtoatrazineevenathighconcentrations.Otherresearchhaslinkedatrazinetotesticulardeformitiesinfrogsandfeminizinghormonalchangesinmammals.Eitheroftheseeffectscouldoccurbecausethechemicalkeepscellsfromrecognizingmalesexhormonesandacceleratestheconversionofmalehormonesintoestrogen.consistentRousseau'sconsistentRousseau'sshortdiscourse,aworkthatwasgenerally thecautious,unadornedproseoftheday,deviatedfromthatprosestyleinits discussionofthephysicalsciences.Acriticalof..Bsuperiorto..Cbolderthan..Dconsistentwith..unrestrainedEinfluencedby..uninspiredNaysayerNaysayer&Naysayer：onewhodenies,refuses,opposes,orisskepticalorcynicalaboutsomething<thosenaysayerswhoattacktheintegrityoftheentirejudicial反對者：misanthrope,cynic,pessimist,NaysayerNaysayer&Thiscanmakehimakilljoy.Forinstance,hedeplorestheRoyalShakespeareCompany'seight-and-a-half-hourversionof"NicholasNickleby",whichmanyfoundabsorbing.Heregardsitasasubstituteforaninvestigationintocontemporarysociety,whichiswhatthecompanyoughttohavebeendoing.HelikedMarkRavenhill's“ShoppingandFucking”,butnotunreservedly:“Iwaslefthungeringforsomeconcretenotionofabettersociety,”heIfyoucallsomeoneakilljoy,youarecriticalofthembecausetheystopotherpeoplefromenjoyingthemselves,oftenbyremindingthemofsomethingNaysayerNaysayer&背景補充：MICHAELBILLINGTON,theGuardiannewspaper'schieftheatrecritic,sayshehasspentmorethan8,000nightsatthetheatre.ThisexhaustingqualificationenableshimtotakealongviewofBritishtheatresince1945,and,onthewhole,hegivesitanexcellentreview.Herecallsmostvividlyamemorablegoldenageinthelate1960swhenhearguesthatthescopeofBritishwritingforthetheatrewasunequalledsincethatofWilliamShakespeareandhiscolleaguesinthefirstElizabethanage.NaysayerNaysayer&Absorbing：fullytakingone'sattention:engrossing<anabsorbingnovel>吸引人的：interesting,consuming,engaging,engrossing,enthralling,fascinating,gripping,Naysayer& presentationcaptivatedhisaudiences,NickwasnotNaysayer& presentationcaptivatedhisaudiences,Nickwasnot BlankBlankaananNaysayer&Naysayer&Soonafterthefirstvisitorsarrived,increasingnumbersoftheresidentsoftheremoteislandthoughtitpossiblethattheoutsideworld,insteadofbeing ,couldbe BlankBlankjudiciousjudicious：having,exercising,orcharacterizedbysoundjudgment:<judicioususeofourresources>明智的,慎重的：intelligent,tactical,wise,discreet,cautious,chary,circumspect,forehanded,foresighted,discerning,discriminating,sage,sane,sapient,sensible,canny,provident;perspicacious,sagacious,shrewdRecentadvancesindicatethatcuresforsomeseeminglyintractablediseasesarenowwithinreach,butscientistsarebeing intheirpublicstatements,mindfulofpastclaimsthatproved Recentadvancesindicatethatcuresforsomeseeminglyintractablediseasesarenowwithinreach,butscientistsarebeing intheirpublicstatements,mindfulofpastclaimsthatproved BlankBlank&obligatory:&obligatory:Ifsomethingisobligatory,youmustdoitbecauseofaruleoralaw;compulsory<Thetrainingisobligatoryforall強制性的compulsory,incumbent,involuntary,necessary&Todaywaterismore&Todaywaterismore landscapearchitecturethaneverbefore,becausetechnologicaladvanceshavemadeiteasy,insomeinstanceseven toinstallwaterfeaturesinpublicconspicuous..sporadic..indispensable..ubiquitous..controversial..&Althoughstronglegalremediesfornonpaymentofchildsupportare&Althoughstronglegalremediesfornonpaymentofchildsupportare thedelayandexpenseassociatedwiththeseremediesmakeit developotheroptions.unpopular..required..unavailing..nonexistent..&jettison:&jettison:tocastoverboardoroff<ashipjettisoningwastes>丟棄,放棄：discard,dump,junk,scrap,throwingawaycashiercast(off)chuck,,ditch,dump,exorcise,fling(offoraway),junkpitchreject,shed,shuck(off),throwaway,throwout,toss,unloadExorcisedemons/somefrustration/the&The&Theidealizedpaintingsofnatureproducedintheeighteenthcenturyareevidencethatthemedieval naturalsettingshadbeen andthattheoutdoorsnowcouldbeenjoyedwithouttrepidation.fearof..concernsabout..affectionfor..disinterestin..disparities&variancesDisparitydisparities&variancesDisparity：containingormadeupoffundamentallydifferentandoftenincongruousVariance：Ifonethingisatvariancewithanother,thetwothingsseemtocontradicteachother不一致：conflict,disaccord,discordance,disharmony,dissent,division,friction,schism,variation,war，contrast,dissimilarity,distinction,distinctiveness,diversity,unlikenessdisparities&Somedeep-seacreaturesdiscoveredbymarinebiologistseemto disparities&Somedeep-seacreaturesdiscoveredbymarinebiologistseemto imagination,sogreatisthe betweenthesecreaturesandthemorefamiliarmarineorganismsfoundintheshallowerwaters.BlankA.BlankD.B.C.E.disparitiesdisparities&Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenprevents unconventional&quirkyunconventionalunconventional&quirkyunconventional:deviatingfromcommonlyacceptedbeliefsorpracticesQuirk:anunusualhabitorwayofcrotchet,eccentricityindividualism,mannerism,oddity,peculiarity,quirk,singularity,trick,twist,idiosyncrasy,dissentient,dissenting,dissident,heterodox,iconoclastic,maverick,nonconformist,nonorthodox,out-there,unconventional,unorthodoxunconventional&Place-namescanbestrikingly unconventional&Place-namescanbestrikingly thereis,forexample,nothingparticularly aboutthetownofPeculiar,BlankA.BlankD.B.C.E.unconventional&unconventional&Tohavetruedisciples,athinkermustnotbetoo :anyeffectiveintellectualleaderdependsontheabilityofotherpeopleto thoughtprocessesthatdidnotoriginatewiththem.Apopular..Bmethodical..interpretCidiosyncratic..reenactDself-confident..Epragmatic..novel&:novel&:newandnotsomethingformerlyknownorOriginal:notsecondary,derivative,orimitative<anoriginalcomposition>fresh,novel,original,新穎的unknown,unprecedentednovel&novel&Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof ,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.novel&novel&However theymightbe,Romanpoetswereboundtohavesomefavoriteearlierauthorwhomtheywould subservient..independent..creative..slippery&:notslippery&:notpreciseorfixedmeaning:ambiguous,tendingtoelude:hardcomprehendordefine<anevasive,fugitive,obscure,unintelligible,slipperyslippery&Manyofourmemoriesare escapingourconsciousnessjustaswestraintorecallafaceoraname.slippery&slippery&Ournewtoolsofsystemsanalysis,powerfulthoughtheymaybe,leadto theories,especially,andpredictably,ineconomicsandpoliticalscience,whereproductiveapproacheshavelongbeenhighly pragmatic..wrongheaded..simplistic..ObligatoryshyawayemergesshyawayemergesMonolithicMonolithic：a:constitutingamassiveundifferentiatedandoftenrigidwhole<amonolithicsociety>b:exhibitingorcharacterizedbyoftenrigidlyfixeduniformity<monolithicpartyunity>統(tǒng)一：integral，comprehensive,full,grand,intact,perfect,plenary,total,Sincecodfishare partofthemarineecosystem,their Sincecodfishare partofthemarineecosystem,their adverselyaffecttheanimalswhodependonthemasasourceoffood.BlankaananBlankManipulatinglaboratorytissuecultureswithhormonesisonething;usinghormonesManipulatinglaboratorytissuecultureswithhormonesisonething;usinghormonestotreathumanbeings,however,iscontingentonwhetherhormonesthat inthelaboratorycanaffect organisms,andinpredictableways.succeed..fail..work..austerity：Ifausterity：Ifyourefertosomethingasshowingausterity,youlikeitsplainandsimpleappearance樸素的：plain,spartan,dour,fierce,flinty,formidable,gruff,intimidating,lowering,rough,rugged,severe,steely真真題來源/forum/topics/reviews-Thiskindofbraidedplot,almostunavoidableinthesuperstitiousageof“Babel”and“Crash,”maybeassurprising,comingfromMr.Eastwood,asthelarge-scale,computer-generatedtsunamisequencethatsnapstheaudiencetohorrifiedattentionearlyinthefilm.Atthesametime,thereisanausterityin“Hereafter”thatkeepsthemelodramaticpossibilitieslatentinthescriptsafelyatbay.Mr.Eastwood’sstripped-down,highlyefficientapproachtostorytellingservesasananchortothebusynarrativeandthecomplicatedvisuals,andperhapsthemostgratifyingthingabout“Hereafter”isitspatience.Cityleaderspracticed outofrespectfortaxpayers, Cityleaderspracticed outofrespectfortaxpayers, thenumberofnewpublicprojects.BlankBlankwide-rangingwide-ranging&wide-ranging：extensiveinscope:comprehensive<wide–ranging廣泛的：broad,deep,extended,far-flung,far-reaching,sweeping,wide,wide-ranging,wide-rangingwide-ranging&mimic：toimitateclosely<Shehasatalentformimickingfamousactresses>模仿：burlesque,caricature,imitate,mock,parody,spoof,travestywide-ranging&wide-ranging&StudyshowsfibromyalgiaimprovedbyTaiAlthoughthestudywassmall,66patients,severalacomplexandoften-confusingcondition,affectingfivemillionAmericans,mostlywomen,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Sinceitssymptomscanbewide-rangingandcanmimicotherdisorders,anditsdiagnosisdependslargelyonpatients’descriptions,notbloodtestsorbiopsies,itscauseandtreatmenthavebeenthesubjectofdebate.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthattaichi,Recentstudieshavesuggestedthattaichi,withitsslowexercises,breathingandmeditation,couldbenefitpatientswithotherchronicconditions,includingarthritis.Butnotallofthesereportshavebeenconclusive,andtaichiishardtostudybecausetherearemanystylesandParamountParamount&Paramount：ofchiefconcernorimportance<Theparamountgoalistorestorethecolonial-erahousewithcompletehistoricalaccuracy.>最重要的cardinal,chief,key,main,predominant,preeminent,primary,principal,supremeParamountParamount&Calculus,thoughstillindispensabletoscienceandtechnology,isnolonger ;ithasanequalpartnercalleddiscretemathematics.Paramount&AneffectiveParamount&Aneffectivememberofadebatingteammustfocusclearlyonthe andavoid BlankBlankD.E.C.ParamountParamount&germane：beingatoncerelevantandappropriate<detailsnotgermanetothediscussion>有關的，適當?shù)?applicable,apposite,pertinent,relevant,material,pointed,relative,Paramount&Paramount&Despitemanydecadesofresearchonthegasificationofcoal,thedataaccumulatedarenotdirectly toenvironmentalquestions;thusanewprogramofresearchspecificallyaddressingsuchquestions applicable..UnavoidableUnavoidable­away&emergesvictoriesUnavoidable:INEVITABLE<theaccidentwasunavoidable>不可避免的：certainineluctableineludible,inescapable,necessary,sure,inevitable,unescapable，inevasible,Unavoidable­away&emergesvictoriesUnavoidable­away&emergesvictoriesAlthoughEudoraWeltyandWilliamFaulknerwroteindistinctivelydifferentstyles, betweenthetwois becausetheybothlivedinandwroteaboutMississippi.BlankBlankUnavoidableUnavoidable­away&emergesvictoriesShyaway:todeveloporshowadislikeordistaste―usuallyusedwithfromorawayfrom<anauthorwhoshiesawayfrom避開：shunavoiddodgeduckeschew,evade,finesse,scape,bypass,circumvent,detour,shortcut,sidestep,skirtUnavoidable­Unavoidable­away&emergesvictoriesMostpioneers thisvalleyontheirjourneytotheWestbecauseitsruggedterrainandfrequentlandslidesmadeita placeforBlank(i)B.C.Blank真題來真題來源：THECANDYMANAndyettheessenceofDahlishiswillingnesstoletchildrentriumphoveradults.Heisamodernwriteroffairytales,whointuitivelyunderstandsthesortofargumentthatBrunoBettelheimmadeinhis1976book,“TheUsesofEnchantment.”Childrenneedthedarkmaterialsoffairytalesbecausetheyneedtomakesense—inasymbolic,displacedway—oftheirownfeelingsofanger,resentment,andpowerlessness.Childrenalsobenefitfromlearningaboutviolenceandbrutishnessinfairytales,Bettelheimwrites,foritcountersthe“widespreadrefusaltoletchildrenknowthatthesourceofmuchthatgoeswronginourlifeisduetoournatures—thepropensityofallmenforactingaggressively,asocially,selfishly.”Manyfairytales—andmostofDahl’swork—arecomplexnarrativesofwishfulfillment.Theyteachthereader,Bettelheimwrites,that“astruggleagainstseveredifficultiesinlifeisunavoidable,isanintrinsicpartofhumanexistence—butifonedoesnotshyaway,butsteadfastlymeetsunexpectedandoftenunjusthardships,onemastersallobstaclesandattheendemergesvictorious.”O(jiān)r,inanycase,thisisahopefulfantasywhichsustainsusall.UnavoidableUnavoidable­away&emergesvictories背景補充：RoaldDahltheBritishauthorofchildren’sbooks,wroteinatinycottageattheendofatrellisedpathwaycanopiedwithtwistinglindentrees.Dahldiedin1990,attheageofseventy-four.Dahl,whosefirstbookforchildren,“TheGremlins,”waspublishedin1943,andwhoselast,“TheMinpins,”waspublishedposthumously,in1991,hasbeenastonishinglypopularfornearlyhalfacentury.&Expensive:commandingahighpriceandespeciallyonethatis&Expensive:commandingahighpriceandespeciallyonethatisnotbasedonintrinsicworthorisbeyondaprospectivebuyer'sbig-ticketdearextravaganthigh-end,high-ticket,precious,premium,priceless,pricey,valuable,exorbitant,unaffordable,inestimable,&Duringthe&Duringthewidespreadfuelshortage,thepriceofgasolinewasso suppliersweregenerallythoughttobe hibitive..excessive..&useless:havingorbeingofnouse:a:INEFFECTUAL&useless:havingorbeingofnouse:a:INEFFECTUAL<auselessattempt>b:notabletogiveserviceoraid:INEPT無用的：abortivebarrenbootlessfruitless,ineffective,ineffectual,inefficacious,otiose,profitless,unavailing,unproductive,unprofitable,unsuccessful,useless,vain&Aslateas1891aspeakerassuredhisaudiencethatsinceprofitablefarmingwastheresultofnaturalabilityratherthan aneducationinagriculturewas&Aslateas1891aspeakerassuredhisaudiencethatsinceprofitablefarmingwastheresultofnaturalabilityratherthan aneducationinagriculturewas instruction..effort..learning..science..luck..&Lawsdo&Lawsdonotensuresocialordersincelawscanalwaysbe ,whichmakesthem unlesstheauthoritieshavethewillandthepowertodetectandpunishAcontested..Bcircumvented..antiquatedCrepealed..vulnerableDviolated..Emodified..&plethora:&plethora:excess,:anoverabundantsupply:過剩：abundancecornucopia,overabundance,overflow,profusion,surfeit,surplus,overage,plethora,redundancy,superfluity&&SandraGilbertandSusanGubar`srecentbookpresentsa ofdetail,providingfarmoreinformationthanonecaneasily&Religiousphilosopherthathewas.HenryMorederivedhisconceptionofaninfiniteuniver