組胚學英文版課件Cardiovascular-System

組胚學英文版課件CardiovascularSystem---Digestivesystem:DigestivetractDigestivegland1.Componentsofdigestivetract---oralcavity---pharynx---esophagus---stomach---smallintestine---largeintestine2.Generalstructureofdigestivetractmucosa,submucosa,muscularisexterna,adventitia1)mucosa

---epithelium:stratifiedsquamousepi.simplecolumnarepi---laminapropria:LCT-compactCT:containmorecellsandfiberBV,LV-capillariesLymphoidTglands:structuresformedbyinvaginationofepi.intolaminapropria---muscularismucosa:athinlayerofSM2)submucosa:moredenseCTsmallarteryandvein,LVglands(esophagusandduodenum)submucosaNplexus:-multipolarN-unmyelinatedNF-function:regulatethecontractofSMandsecretingofgland*Plica:projectionofmucosaandsubmucosaPlicamucosa&submucos3)muscularisexternasmoothmuscleskeletalmuscleinnercircularandouterlongitudinal*Nerveplexus:regulatethemovementofM4)adventitia:CTserosa:CT+mesotheliumfibrosa:LCTNerveplexusbetweenlayersofmuscularis→cellbodyofnervecellsserosafibrosa3.Esophagus

1)

mucosa:epithelium:stratifiedsquamousepi.laminapropria:compactCTmuscularismucosa:longitudinalarrangedSM2)

submucosa:LCTesophagealgland:mucousgland3)

muscularis:innercircularandouterlongitudinalupper1/3:skeletalmusclemiddle1/3:mixedofskeletalMandsmoothmusclelower1/3:smoothmuscle4)adventitia:fibrosaCrosssectionHESlide：mucosa&submucosBarrettEsophagusisachroniccomplicationofgastroesophagealre?uxdisease(GERD),characterizedbymetaplasiaofthestrati?edsquamousepitheliumoftheloweresophagusintoaspecializedglandularepitheliumwithgobletcells.Andthein?ammatorycells(mainlylymphocytesandplasmacells)arein?ltratingtheconnectivetissue.EsophagealCarcinomaisamalignantneoplasmthatstemsfromtheepithelialcellsliningtheinnersurfaceoftheesophagus.Worldwide,squamouscellcarcinomaisthemostcommontypeofesophageal.Pathologicalchangesincludeulcerations,exophyticmasses,andthickeningandnarrowingofthelumen.Thisphotomicrographshowsamoderatelydifferentiatedsquamouscellcarcinomawithfocalkeratinproductioninthecenter,calledakeratinpearl.4.Stomach

---dilatedpart---storefoodtemporarily---digestproteinprimarily---absorbpartofwaterandionsGeneralstructureStomachMucosa：---plica-longitudinal---shallowditch-gastricarea(2-6mm)---gastricpit-smalldepressions

Stomach①epithelium:simplecolumnarepisurfacemucouscell:-tallcolumnar-Novoid,basally-located-mucinogengranule-tightjunction-highHCO3-undissolvedmucus

Stomach②laminapropria:CTcontainsfibroblast,LC,plasmacell,mastcellandeosinophil,SMgastricgland(fundicgland)-oxynticglandcardiacgland:mucousglandpyloricgland:mucousglandparietalcell---LM:large,pyramidalorspherical/roundcentrally-locatednucleus/eosinophiliccytoplasmEM:intracellularsecretorycanaliculus-invaginationstubulovesicularsystemmitochondria---function:i.

secrethydrochloricacid(HCl)-synthesisprocessesofHCl:inintracellularsecretorycanaliculusH+K+-ATPpump:getH+fromcellCl-channel:getCl-frombloodH++Cl-→HCl(intracellularsecretortcanaliculi)-functionofHCl:HCl↓pepsinogen→pepsinkillthebacteriumii.

secretintrinsicfactor-glycoprotein+VB12→absorptionofVB12a.chiefcellorzymogeniccell---structure:LM:columnarRound,basally-locatedNucleuscytoplasm:/basal-basophilic/apical-zymogengranulesEM:RER,Golgiapparatus---function:secretpepsinogenc.mucousneckcellless,neckpartcolumnarflattened,basally-locatedNpalestaininHEstaind.stemcell:undifferentiatedcelle.endocrinecell

ECLcell:secretinghistamine,promotesecretionofparietalcellDcell:secretingsomatostatin,inhibitthesecretionofparietalcell1.chiefcell2.parietalcell

3.mucousneckcell③Muscularismucosa:innercircularandouterlongitudinalarrangedSM2)

submucosa:CTwithBV,LV,Nandfatcell3)

muscularis:thickerinnerobliquemiddlecircularouterlongitudinal4)advantitia:serosaGastricUlcer(PepticUlcer)arechronicmucosallesionsthatoccurinthegastro-intestinaltract.Morphologically,pepticulcersareusuallysmall,roundtoovalinshape,lessthan4cmindiameterwithwellde?nedmarginswithoutelevation,andhaveaclean,smoothbase.Thisimageshowsthetransitionfromgastricmucosatoulcer,showinga?brinopurulentsurfacewithunderlyinggranulationtissue.Thegastricmucosashowschronicgastritiswithplasmacellswithinthelaminapropriaandintestinalmetaplasia(notethegobletcells).5.Smallintestine---duodenum---jejunum---ileumSEMforvillusPlicaVillusMicrovilliusCellcoat1)

Mucosa---circularplica---intestinalvillus---smallintestinalgland①epithelium:---absorptivecell:

microvilli:striated-border-1-1.4umlong,80nminD,2000-3000-enlargethesurfaceareato30timescellcoat:-0.1-0.5um-enzymes:trypsinogen,amylase-glucoseandproteinenzymes-adiposeSER---gobletcell②laminapropria:CT(LC,macrophage,plasmacellandeosinophilandmastcell)a.villus:istheprojectionofepitheliumandlaminapropriaepithelium:absorptivecell,gobletcellandendocrinecelllaminapropria:CTwithcentrallacteal,fenestratedcap.andSMStriatedborder¢rallacteal*

b.smallintestinalgland:istheinvaginationofopropriaabsorptivecellgobletcellendocrinecellstemcellPenethcell

Penethcell:LM:-pyramidal,basally-located,ingroups-apical:acidophilicG-containdefensin(cryptdin),LysozymeEM:-protein-secretingcellfeatureFunction:relatedtoimmunefunctionPenethcell③muscularismucosa:SMinnercircularandouterlongitudinal2)

submucosa:CTLargeBVandLVduodenalgland:mucousgland-secretingepidermalgrowthfactor,promotetheepithelialcellproliferationofsmallintestine3)

muscularis:SM,innercircularandouterlongitudinal4)

adventitia:serosaandlessfibrosaPepticDuodenitisisanin?ammatoryprocesscausedbychronicexposureoftheduodenalmucosatoincreasedlevelsofgastricacidandisusuallyfoundinthe?rstportionoftheduodenum,theduodenalbulb..Thisphotomicrographshowsduodenalmucosawithcompletereplacementofthenormalepitheliumwithgobletcellsbygastricfoveolarepithelium.Notethewidened,distortedvilliandincreasedin?ammatorycellswithinthelaminapropria.6.Largeintestine---absorbwaterandions---structurefeature:a.

novillusandnocircularplicab.

well-developedlargeintestinalglandc.

containmoregobletcellsd.

taeniaecoli:longitudinalbundsbagcoliColorectalCancerisamalignantneoplasmofthecolonortherectum.Adenocarcinomaisthemostcommontypeofcoloncancer(98%ofcases.Presentingsymptomsmaybeachangeinbowelhabitsduetobowelobstruction,bloodinthestool,orironde?ciencyanemia.Thisphotomicrographshowsamoderatelydifferentiatedadenocarcinomaofthecolonin?ltratingthemuscularispropria.CrohnDiseaseachronicautoimmu