初中被動語態(tài)詳細講解 公開課教學(xué)設(shè)計

2013年中考專題復(fù)習(xí)之被動語態(tài)一、語態(tài)概述我吃了一個蘋果，那現(xiàn)在蘋果怎樣了？蘋果被我吃了。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動語態(tài)。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。

主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

謂語：speak的動作是由主語manypeople來執(zhí)行的。

被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。

例如：Heopenedthedoor.他開了門。(主動句)Thedoorwasopened.門被開了。(被動句)二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。不及物動詞本身沒有被動語態(tài)。

及物動詞---本身意義不完整，后必須帶賓語，有些還可以帶雙賓。不及物動詞---本身意義完整，不需要帶賓語，如帶賓語必須通過介詞。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。三．被動語態(tài)的句型肯定句：主語+be+動詞過去分詞否定句：主語+be+not+動詞過去分詞一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞過去分詞特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞過去分詞四．各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋動詞過去分詞Carsaremadebythem.一般過去時：was／were＋動詞過去分詞TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般將來時：will/shall/begoingtobe＋動詞過去分詞

Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.

現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／arebeing＋動詞過去分詞Isthebikebeingmendednow?過去進行時：was／werebeing＋動詞過去分詞Thedinnedwasbeingcooked.現(xiàn)在完成時：have／hasbeen＋動詞過去分詞Themeetinghasbeenputoff.過去完成時：hadbeen＋動詞過去分詞Manyoldhouseshadbeenpulleddownbytheendoflastyear.過去將來時：would/should/begoingtobe＋動詞過去分詞Treeswouldbecutdown.注：被動語態(tài)沒有完成進行時，也沒有將來進行時，如果有這類時態(tài)的主動結(jié)構(gòu)，要變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，可用完成時態(tài)和一般時態(tài)。如:Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemfortwodays.→Theproblemhasbeendiscussedfortwodays.Wewillbediscussingittomorrow.→Itwillbediscussedtomorrow.五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。歌訣是：情態(tài)動詞變動，情態(tài)加be加“過分”。例如：

wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.We

mustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.六、被動語態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.這本書出版于1981年。（沒有必要或說出出版者）(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗戶是邁克打破的。ThisbookwaswrittenbyLunXun.這本書是他寫的。(3)為了更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個主語就夠了）(4)被動語態(tài)還可以用于新聞報道中，為了體現(xiàn)新聞的客觀性。(5)在科技文獻中，為了客觀描述事情以及一些過程，常用被動語態(tài)。七、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的謂語。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的by短語。（①by短語可以省。②by短語后跟代詞的賓格。）主變被解題步驟1.找賓語----即動作的承受者2.判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)----即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).3.判斷動詞的時態(tài)----即be動詞的時態(tài).4.修改謂語的形式----即原句動詞改為過去分詞5.修改原句的主語----即by+賓語（原主語）.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebythem.（主變賓,賓變主,謂動bedone時不變,人稱、數(shù)、格隨著變）八、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題.（1）時態(tài)保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputerhasbeenrepaired.

（2）如果要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，并且這個執(zhí)行者可以作主動語態(tài)中主語時，就用by短語，如果后面的詞表示地點，不是動作的執(zhí)行者，就用in短語。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主動句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動句by的賓語時要用其賓格形式。Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)否定句的被動語態(tài)中，not放在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。Youshouldnotblameme.→Ishouldnotbeblamedbyyou.(5)疑問句的被動語態(tài)，用be動詞的對應(yīng)形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?→Isthiscardrivenbyher?(6)祈使句的被動語態(tài)形式為Let+賓語（承受詞）+be+動詞過去分詞Openthedoorplease.→Letthedoorbeopenedplease.(7)主動語態(tài)中有反身代詞，變被動語態(tài)形式為“主動語態(tài)主語+be+動詞過去分詞”Tomhurthimself.→Tomwashurt.(8)主語時noone,nobody,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?，by短語變?yōu)閎yanyone或byanybodyNoonecansolvetheproblem.→Theproblemcan’tbesolvedbyanyone.（9）謂語為動詞短語的被動語態(tài)不能丟掉動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.

--Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(10)主動句中有一些動詞如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，帶有雙賓語，一個是直接賓語（指物），另一個是間接賓語（指人），主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可以把間接賓語變成主語，保留直接賓語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，保留間接賓語，但此時一般在間接賓語前加一個介詞。Myfathergavemeabook.→(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.→(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些雙賓語動詞，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常以直接賓語作主語，保留間接賓語，其前面根據(jù)情況用介詞to或forShewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些雙賓語動詞如answer,save,envy(羨慕)等，通常以間接賓語作被動語態(tài)主語，保留直接賓語。Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.（11）主動語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語，（即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓補），將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓補不變。

TheycallhimLouis.

--HeiscalledLouis.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（12）主動語態(tài)句中使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語為不帶to的不定式，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to，這類的動詞有make,have,let,notice，see，watch,lookat,

hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.

→Hewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.（13）非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.（14）Itissaidthat+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家認為，Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）九、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1、（1）英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.這刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.這鞋耐穿。注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門本身有毛?。㏕hedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）（2）表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout（出現(xiàn)）,comeabout（發(fā)生）,cometrue,runout（用盡）,giveout（產(chǎn)生，散發(fā)）,turnout（產(chǎn)生，證明是）等以主動形式表示被動意義。Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？（3）系動詞沒有被動形式,但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。（1）在need，want，require,bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。（2）形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，即beworthdoing,但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）（3）動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)（4）在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.（5）在too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.（6）在therebe…句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，誰losttime不明確。）（7）在betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動,被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?十．下列情況不能用于被動語態(tài)1.不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)這類動詞常見的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.（√）Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.(×)2.系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)這些動詞有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。3.一部分表狀態(tài)的及物動詞也沒有被動語態(tài)這類動詞有：have(有),fit,cost等。4.賓語為反身代詞的沒有被動語態(tài)ZhangHongteacheshimselfEnglish.不能說成：HimselfistaughtEnglish.5.同源賓語沒有被動語態(tài)Theyliveahappylife.不能說成：Ahappylifeislivedbythem.類似的動詞還有：dreamadream,breatheabreath,smileasmile,sleepasleep等。6.賓語為相互代詞的沒有被動語態(tài)Thestudentsoftenhelpeachother.不能說成：Eachotherisoftenhelped.7.賓語為不定式，很少用被動語態(tài)Iliketoswim.不能說成：Toswimislikedbyme.十一.介詞in,on,under等+名詞,構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。（1）“under+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在討論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).（2）“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭長莫及），beyondone’scontrol（無法控制），beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及。Therumour(謠言)isbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．（3）“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等)超過……、高于……”。Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．（4）“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“適于……、為著……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).（5）“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“在……過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)（6）“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“在從事……中”。常見的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）。Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).（7）“outof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；表示“超出……之外“，常見的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出視線之外），outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等。Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。（8）“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過……”。Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一．選擇題1)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted3)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken4)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped7)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed8)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished9)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe___ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined10)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome11)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is13)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded14)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome15)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen16)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling17)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon18)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen18)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeing19)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered20)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyus22)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated23)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto24)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking25)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggivenD)tohavegiven26)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknown27)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting28)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbroughtC)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought29)Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging30)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens31)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained32)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconductingB)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted33)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailed34)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing35)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild36)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup37)Thecomposition____anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect38)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterdayA)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbedC)robbedD)shavingsbeenrobbed39)Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.A)willhavesoldB)willsellC)havesoldD)willhavebeensold40)Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.A)wasdamagedB)shouldbedamagedC)damagedD)wouldbedamaged二、用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。

1.Sometopstudents_____(send)tostudyinforeigncountriesonceayear.andmoreschools___________(build)herelater.3.Wherearetheapples?Ithinkthey_______(eat)bythoseboys.newthings__________(invent)inthelasttenyears.theshoes__________(sell)outlastweek.long_______thebook_________(cankeep)?7.Tom_______(hide)hisshoesbehindthetree.So