生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)研究示例與復(fù)習(xí)

2012.12.31生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)研究示例與復(fù)習(xí)2研究示例香港特區(qū)人群癌癥發(fā)病數(shù)據(jù)3年份男性女性總計(jì)發(fā)病數(shù)發(fā)病率發(fā)病數(shù)發(fā)病率發(fā)病數(shù)發(fā)病率1997642.319.846395.012.1391037.315.981998657.620.234411.512.4931069.116.341999674.120.645423.612.6761097.716.622000694.321.190427.912.6281122.216.842001710.021.630430.612.5461140.616.992002715.521.811450.312.9981165.817.292003715.621.954435.412.5411151.017.102004718.321.985460.813.1031179.117.382005749.722.966481.313.5611231.018.072006738.622.593470.713.2201209.317.64各種癌癥發(fā)病數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)41997199819992000200120022003200420052006平均排次鼻咽癌425439371380380407366377399358390.26食管癌397354366399364356358331364359364.87胃癌646656699652683620680659635635656.54結(jié)直腸癌12401309132913511416155115371538161416281451.32肝癌12641336142014241424138114121417150614621404.63胰腺癌270290323300326377338368394397338.38肺癌29683091316833263269338334033528368635313335.31前列腺癌146137219187219205209241231285207.911非何杰金氏淋巴瘤263249257301305275285286292319283.29白血病241258237230252256236249271254248.410乳腺癌379380399400393427434460464465420.15子宮頸癌144145159128128121106128126133131.812卵巢癌12110413012012613813614213713612913各年齡段發(fā)病率統(tǒng)計(jì)51997-20012002-2006總計(jì)0-1920-4445-6465+0-1920-4445-6465+0-1920-4445-6465+鼻咽癌144110045490342955610178319591159食管癌0486501181036539119208411892373胃癌0237814228511847542290142115684575結(jié)直腸癌6328142248881292173358417620315510729肝癌1858525823683114602469423829104550517921胰腺癌2533801074054515130521078952379肺癌048736751166014593921131471946759624807前列腺癌016384401751095021381939非何杰金淋巴瘤1915731988012113351981312706701861白血病94241272611631833386821574246101293乳腺癌03697618210342991917071117521738子宮頸癌0992273780831953360182422714卵巢癌1782422813782753334156517614研究思路和方法提出問(wèn)題擬解決什么關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題問(wèn)題的初步分析采取的基本研究方法研究問(wèn)題的流程6數(shù)據(jù)初步展示7數(shù)據(jù)初步展示8提出問(wèn)題研究癌癥發(fā)病的地域性統(tǒng)計(jì)特征9擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題探究癌癥的發(fā)病趨勢(shì)和各種癌癥間臨床關(guān)聯(lián)性的內(nèi)在規(guī)律10研究目標(biāo)為區(qū)域癌癥預(yù)防提供理論依據(jù)11問(wèn)題的初步分析變量分類，建立各變量與發(fā)病率的關(guān)系癌癥類型（肺癌、肝癌等）性別（男、女）年齡分組（組1，0-30歲；組2，30-50歲；組3，50歲以上）時(shí)間分段（5年為分段單位）12基本研究方法Cox-Staurt趨勢(shì)檢驗(yàn)卡方檢驗(yàn)相關(guān)分析和相互關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)Joinpoint

回歸分析和預(yù)測(cè)參考文獻(xiàn)WenchuanXie,ManhimChan,KeichoiMak,WaitinChan,MiaoHe.Trendsintheincidenceof15commoncancersinHongKong,1983-2008.AsianPacificJournalofCancerPrevention,2012,13,1-6DOI:/10.7314/APJCP.2091113研究流程數(shù)據(jù)展示趨勢(shì)分析腫瘤類別性別趨勢(shì)規(guī)律年齡相關(guān)分析腫瘤間性別內(nèi)關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間段回歸預(yù)測(cè)臨床規(guī)律14初步研究結(jié)果：趨勢(shì)分析15惡性腫瘤S+S-p值鼻咽癌320.5食管癌410.1857胃癌410.1857結(jié)直腸癌050.0312肝癌140.1857胰腺癌050.0312肺癌050.0312前列腺癌050.0312非何杰金(氏)淋巴瘤140.1857白血病140.1857乳腺癌050.0312子宮頸癌410.1857卵巢癌050.0312全惡性腫瘤050.0312男女各年齡段發(fā)病Cox-Stuart檢驗(yàn)與Joinpoint回歸分析16MaleFemale0-2930-4950+0-2930-4950+S+/S-APCS+/S-APCS+/S-APCS+/S-APCS+/S-APCS+/S-APCLung\\5/80.280/13**1.5*\\0/13**3.05*0/13**1.28*Liver\\6/70.310/13**1.44*\\6/70.331/12**1.55*Colon\\3/10*1.74*0/13**4.29*\\1/12**3.08*0/13**3.5*Stomach\\6/6-0.110/13**0.75*\\2/10**1.52*0/13**0.56*Rectum\\0/13**3.32*0/13**5.3*\\0/13**4.33*0/13**3.76*Thyroid\\0/13**4.65*0/13**4.66*3/90.820/13**5.82*0/13**3.82*Nasopharynx12/0**-4.32*8/50.48*12/1**-0.61*\\5/80.0611/2**-0.9*Oesophagus\\12/1**-2.43*13/0**-1.12*\\\\11/2**-0.8*Pancreas\\1/12**3.42*0/13**3.67*\\\\0/13**3.49*Leukaemia12/1**-3.45*3/91.27*0/13**2.77*12/1**-2.88*3/10*1.66*1/12**2.44*NHL13/0**-3.58*3/10*0.99*0/13**3.3*\\1/12**2.59*0/13**3.09*Bladder\\9/3-1.315/80.23\\\\9/4-0.84*Prostate\\\\0/13**10.06*\\\\\\Breast\\\\\\\\0/13**6.34*0/13**4.59*Cervix\\\\\\\\3/10*0.3613/0**-1.9*Corpusuteri\\\\\\\\0/13**6.75*0/13**5.41*Ovary\\\\\\1/12**2.8*0/13**6.04*0/13**2.51*年齡段內(nèi)癌癥發(fā)病的性別差異t檢驗(yàn)17T

test0-2930-4950+Lung0.89914.975**20.597**Liver6.557**38.181**26.395**Colon1.6030.6301.421Stomach-2.376*3.265**26.651**Rectum0.8432.874**3.504**Thyroid-19.696**-9.007**-9.319**Nasopharynx4.829**22.999**41.490**Oesophagus-0.22414.959**36.558**Pancreas0.4504.671**2.128*Leukaemia3.776**3.183**3.144**NHL4.422**3.356**3.725**Bladder1.17910.551**23.501**性別對(duì)癌癥類型18男女χ2p性比鼻咽癌302.188.1117.42603.429食管癌296.268.6141.17504.318胃癌404.2252.335.2201.602結(jié)直腸癌809642.319.22101.260肝癌1066.4339.2376.17703.143胰腺癌184.7153.62.8350.0921.202肺癌2263.71071.6425.91802.112非何杰金(氏)淋巴瘤164.4118.87.1550.0071.384白血病136.9111.52.510.1131.228相關(guān)分析19BreastLungColonCervixRectumStomachLiverCorpusuteriOvaryThyroidSpearman'srhoBreastCor1.000-.921**.022-.930**.396*-.923**-.765**.932**.760**.593**Sig...000.913.000.045.000.000.000.000.001N26262626262626262626LungCor-.921**1.000.048.943**-.347.946**.801**-.837**-.742**-.578**Sig..000..817.000.083.000.000.000.000.002N26262626262626262626ColonCor.022.0481.000-.007-.272.001.052-.033-.098.253Sig..913.817..972.178.995.801.871.633.212N26262626262626262626CervixCor-.930**.943**-.0071.000-.311.967**.831**-.868**-.756**-.668**Sig..000.000.972..122.000.000.000.000.000N26262626262626262626RectumCor.396*-.347-.272-.3111.000-.302-.193.344.243.096Sig..045.083.178.122..134.345.085.232.641N26262626262626262626StomachCor-.923**.946**.001.967**-.3021.000.799**-.857**-.708**-.680**Sig..000.000.995.000.134..000.000.000.000N26262626262626262626LiverCo-.765**.801**.052.831**-.193.799**1.000-.780**-.746**-.569**Sig..000.000.801.000.345.000..000.000.002N26262626262626262626CorpusuteriCor.932**-.837**-.033-.868**.344-.857**-.780**1.000.761**.590**Sig..000.000.871.000.085.000.000..000.002N26262626262626262626OvaryCor.760**-.742**-.098-.756**.243-.708**-.746**.761**1.000.498**Sig..000.000.633.000.232.000.000.000..010N26262626262626262626ThyroidCo.593**-.578**.253-.668**.096-.680**-.569**.590**.498**1.000Sig..001.002.212.000.641.000.002.002.010.N26262626262626262626相關(guān)關(guān)系網(wǎng)20相關(guān)關(guān)系網(wǎng)21相關(guān)關(guān)系網(wǎng)22癌癥相關(guān)性分析23AgeMaleFemalePositiveCorrelationNegativeCorrelationPositiveCorrelationNegativeCorrelation0-29BladderColonLeukaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLPancreasProstateRectumStomach\BladderColonLeukaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLOesophagusRectumStomachLeukaemiaLiverNasopharynxOvaryStomach30-49ColonLiverNasopharynxOesophagusPancreasRectumThyroidLeukaemiaOesophagusPancreasThyroidBreastCervixColonCorpusuteriLeukaemiaLiverLung，NHL，Ovary，PancreasRectum，Stomach，ThyroidBreastCorpusuteriLungOesophagusOvary50+ColonLeukaaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLOesophagusPancreasProstateRectumStomachThyroidColonLeukaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLOesophagusPancreasProstateRectumStomachBreastCervixColonCorpusuteriLeukaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLOesophagusOvaryPancreasRectumStomachThyroidBladderBreastCervixCorpusuteriLeukaemiaLiverLungNasopharynxNHLOesophagusOvaryPancreasRectumStomachThyroid24考試復(fù)習(xí)生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的收集與整理樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)量的抽樣分布統(tǒng)計(jì)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)、參數(shù)估計(jì)離散型隨機(jī)變量的χ2檢驗(yàn)單因素方差分析、雙因素方差分析一元回歸聚類分析研究示例剖析25生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握一系列生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的基本概念掌握單變量或單因子的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、一元回歸和系統(tǒng)分析的原理初步掌握聚類分析的原理和方法掌握統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)一般原理和方法在生物學(xué)中的應(yīng)用26助教及聯(lián)系方式胡斌

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27論文形式：研究或綜述小論文。論文選題范圍如下：食品添加劑中西應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較。區(qū)域癌癥、艾滋病、結(jié)核病、地中海貧血癥統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。設(shè)計(jì)特定人群幸福感調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，構(gòu)建統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)。模式生物基因組數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。綜述生命科學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究中的各種統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)。中國(guó)生物、環(huán)境、醫(yī)學(xué)類網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)源開放度和可用度調(diào)查與評(píng)估。轉(zhuǎn)基因與食品安全調(diào)查、分析。課程論文形式和選題28協(xié)作研究和評(píng)分準(zhǔn)則課程論文鼓勵(lì)協(xié)作完成。論文寫作小組可以由2-3個(gè)同學(xué)組成。論文題目可以結(jié)合自身理解具體化。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：研究思路、方案；數(shù)據(jù)獲取、整理方式，分析和計(jì)算方法的新穎性；論文的排版與格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度。29考核方式課程論文1篇，占總成績(jī)的25%平時(shí)考勤、作業(yè)和小測(cè)驗(yàn)，占總成績(jī)的25%期末閉卷考試，占總成績(jī)的50%30考試題型名詞解釋（5）15分簡(jiǎn)答題（2）30分計(jì)算題（3）55分311名詞解釋概率與概率分析相關(guān)概念樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)量的抽樣分布相關(guān)概念假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)、參數(shù)估計(jì)相關(guān)概念（例如獨(dú)立樣本、配對(duì)樣本、Aspin-Welch檢驗(yàn)法、方差齊性檢驗(yàn)）ANOVA，LSD法，隨機(jī)誤差和系統(tǒng)誤差，因素和水平相關(guān)和回歸分析及與之關(guān)聯(lián)的概念聚類分析相關(guān)概念32例子：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)中的幾個(gè)主要術(shù)語(yǔ)總體(Population)所關(guān)心的所有元素的集合樣本(Sample)總體的一部分參數(shù)(Parameter)總體的數(shù)字特征統(tǒng)計(jì)量(Statistic)樣本的概括性測(cè)度值332簡(jiǎn)答題統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的如何收集與整理？點(diǎn)估計(jì)的常見方法及應(yīng)用如何區(qū)分假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)問(wèn)題？介紹2種以上多重比較方法分子生物學(xué)方差分析的作用和意義？數(shù)據(jù)缺失如何處理？為何要進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的變換？相關(guān)系數(shù)的其它計(jì)算形式Stata的背景和功能，操作特點(diǎn)和心得聚類分析步驟34拓展：重要生物統(tǒng)計(jì)期刊StatisticalApplicationsinGeneticsandMolecularBiologyTheInternationalJournalofBiostatisticsBiostatisticsJournalofComputationalBiologyStatisticalMethodsinMedicalResearchBiometrikaJournalofAgricultural,Biological,andEnvironmentalStatistics35以下科學(xué)家在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的貢獻(xiàn)JohannGregorMendel

1822-1884PierreSimonLaplace

1749-1827ThomasRobertMalthus

1766-1834FriedrichGauss

1777-1855LeonhardEule