大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程 1 unit8

UNIT8EDUCATIONALPROBLEMSText

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager2021/5/91Pre-readingDoyouknowanyfables?Whatarethey?LionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,

TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,

TheDoveandtheAnt,

TheFoxandtheStork.2021/5/92Picture

FableTalking

Directions:1.

Work

in

groups

2.

Rebuild

the

fables

according

to

the

pictures

and

key

words

3.

Select

a

presenter

for

your

group4.Tell

your

fable

to

the

class

and

the

moral

lesson2021/5/93Picture

FableTalking2021/5/94Picture

FableTalkingDrawaSnakeandAddFeettoItLonglongago,severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself.Sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine.Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing,sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake.However,beforehecouldfinishthefeet,anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim,saying,"Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet?”2021/5/95Picture

FableTalkingGoingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough.2021/5/96Picture

FableTalking2021/5/97Picture

FableTalkingTheFoxandtheCrowOnedayacrowstoodonabranchnearhernestandfeltveryhappywiththemeatinhermouth.Atthattime,afoxsawthecrowwiththemeat,soheswallowedandeagerlythoughtofaplantogetthemeat.However,whateverthefoxsaidtothecrow,thecrowjustkeptsilent.Untilthefoxthoughthighlyofthecrow‘sbeautifulvoice.“Iamsureyourvoiceisevenmorebeautifulthanyourfeathers,”saidtheFox.“Won’tyousingasongforme,QueenofBirds?”TheCrowwassopleasedshecouldhardlysitstill.Sheliftedherheadhigh,closedhereyesandopenedherbeaktosing:CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W.

Themeatfelltotheground,rightinfrontoftheFox.2021/5/98Picture

FableTalkingNever

trust

a

flatter.2021/5/99Picture

FableTalking2021/5/910Picture

FableTalkingTheMilkmaidandHerPailA

milkmaidwasgoingtothemarket.Shecarriedhermilkinapailonherhead.Shedreamtabouttheeggsshewouldbuywhenshesoldthemilk.The

eggswillhatch;thenshewillsellthechickens.Withthemoneysheearned,shewouldbuyfineclothesforherself.

“

I’llbuyanewdress,andwhenIgototheball,alltheyoungmenwilldancewithme!”

Asshespokeshetossedherheadback.Thepailimmediatelyfelloffherhead,andallthemilkwasspilt.

Thegirlwentbackwithoutanything.Shefeltverysad."ah,mychild,"saidhermother.“Donotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched."

2021/5/911Picture

FableTalkingDonotcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.2021/5/912ABriefIntroductiontoFable

Thetermfablereferstoashortstoryinwhichanimalsorinanimateobjectsspeakandbehavelikehumans,usuallytogiveamoralpoint.ThetermcomesfromtheLatinfabula,“atelling.”ThegreatesttelleroffableswasAesop.HewasbelievedtobeaGreekslavewholivedinthe6thcenturyB.C.AnothergreattelleroffableswasJeandeLaFontaine.HewroteinFranceinthe17thcentury.LaFontainebasedmanyofhisfablesonthoseofAesop.2021/5/913BR_ABriefIntroductiontoFable2Someoftheirbest-knownfablesareTheLionandtheMouse,TheHareandtheTortoise,TheFoxandtheGrapes,TheShepherdBoyandtheWolf,TheFoxandtheCrow,TheDoveandtheAnt,andTheFoxandtheStork.

IntheChineselanguage,someidiomscomefromfablessuchasTheFrogintheShallowWell,HisSpearagainstHisShield,MakingHisMark.2021/5/914TypicalfeaturesoffablesShorttalesNotbasedonfactsIntendedtogiveamorallessonNotstateddirectlybutdeducedbyreaders2021/5/915Text

A

Fable

of

the

Lazy

Teenager2021/5/916Part

Division

2021/5/917

InterviewSupposeyouareajournalistandyourpartneristheauthorofthetext.Youhaveaninterviewwithhim.Theinterviewshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:1.thehappeninginthedrugstore—thereasonwhytheauthorwentthere;adialoguebetweenthesalesgirlandhim2.theauthor’sfeelingtothehappening—theproblemsAmericanteenagersarefacingsuchasignorance,poorabilityofcalculationsandotherthings3.somethingaboutthesonoftheauthor’sfriend4.theauthor’spurposeofofferingafablePart

12021/5/918GR_QUESTIONSANDANSWERS1QuestionsandAnswers1.Whydidtheauthorgotothedrugstoreoneday?Hewantedtobuysomefilefolders.2.Howoldwasthesalesgirl?3.Whatwasthesalesgirl’sreactiontotheauthor’s

mentalarithmetic(心算)?Under20yearsold.Shewasverysurprisedatit.2021/5/919GR_QUESTIONSANDANSWERS25.Whatwastheauthor?Hewasateacheratacollege.4.Didthesalesgirlbelievethattheauthordidcalculationsbymagic?Whyorwhynot?Yes.Maybeshebelieveditbecauseshecouldneverdothat.6.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAmericanteenagers?Hethoughttheyareignorantandlackinginknowledgeofworldhistoryandgeography.QuestionsandAnswers2021/5/920GR_QUESTIONSANDANSWERS37.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatwasthemostseriousproblemforAmericanteenagers?8.Whydidtheauthorgiveustheexampleofhisfriend’sson?9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldhappeniftherewasanidle,ignorantlaborforceinamodernindustrialstate?Theywereindifferenttotheirignorance.Hejustintendedtoshowtheseriousnessoftheproblem.Therewouldbemanyproblemsinsocietysuchasplanecrashes,computerjamsandbreakdownsofcars.QuestionsandAnswers2021/5/921GR_QUESTIONSANDANSWERS410.Whatwastheauthor’spurposeofofferingafable?HejustwantedtomakeAmericanteenagersunderstandthedangeroftheirignoranceandintellectuallaziness.QuestionsandAnswers2021/5/922DR_WORD_T1RUNOUTOFrunoutof:useuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)

Toourdisappointment,ourcarranoutofgashalfwayhome.Whentheyranoutoffood,thesoldierssetabouthuntingformore.2021/5/923DR_NOMODESTLYT21.Whatisthemeaningofthephrase“suchanexperience”?Thephrase“suchanexperience”means“thesalesgirl’signorance.”Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.2.Paraphrasethesentence.Anyadultwhohasgotaverageeducationwillfeelworriedandunhappyabouttheignorancethegirlshows.2021/5/924DR_WORD_T2UPSETmodest:adj.

immodest

A

modest

little

house1)Not

very

large/

expensive/important,etc.2)Not

talking

much

about

your

own

abilities

or

possessionsShe

is

very

modest

about

her

success.3)Of

people,

especially

women,

or

their

clothes,

shy

about

showing

much

of

the

body,

not

intended

to

attract

attention.A

modest

dressAdv.

Modestly'Youreallymustbeverygoodatwhatyoudo.'—'IsupposeIam,’Katesaidmodestly.2021/5/925DR_WORD_T2UPSETupset:vt.

Theyareterriblyupsetbythebreak-upoftheirparents’marriage.1)make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy.beupsetby/aboutPattern:

2)makeillinthestomachTheforeignfoodupsetme/mystomach.3)knockover,causingconfusionTheboyupsettheglassofmilk.Herplanswereupsetbythechangeintheweather.2021/5/926DR_WORD_T2IGNORANT

Collocation:ignorant:adj.

knowinglittleornothingShewasignorantofherhusband’sillegalactivities.Otherwiseshewouldhavedoneeverythingpossibletostophim.ignorantabout/of 在…方面無(wú)知的Somepeopleareignorantofthefactsaboutglobalwarming.我對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)一竅不通。I’mratherignorantaboutcomputer.2021/5/927DR_WORD_T3SUMUPsumup:giveabriefsummary(ofsth.)Myteacherwouldsumupthemainpointsofthelessonbeforeheendedtheclass.AlicesummedupherChristmasholidaysinoneword:“Terrible.”2021/5/928DR_WORD_T3ACCUMULATE1accumulate:v.

collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime;makeorbecomegreaterinquantityorsizeIhaveaccumulatedmanybooksoverthelastfewyears.Dustquicklyaccumulatesifwedon’tsweepourroom.Collocation：積累大量資料accumulateahugemassofdata積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)accumulateexperience積攢一筆財(cái)富accumulateafortune積聚一大批藏書accumulateagoodlibrary2021/5/929兩者均可指積聚大量的東西。accumulate

強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)年累月地點(diǎn)滴積累。例如：DR_WORD_T3ACCUMULATE2Throughtheyearsheaccumulatedsufficientmoneytobuyafarmwhenheretired.Hesoonamassedsufficientevidencetosupporthiscase.經(jīng)過(guò)多年積攢，他有了足夠的錢在退休時(shí)買下一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。accumulate&amassCF:amass指在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)積聚到大量東西，尤指為自己而積聚。例如：

他不久便收集到足夠的證據(jù)來(lái)為他的案子辯護(hù)。2021/5/930DR_WORD_T3AFFECT1affect:vt.

Morethansevenmillionpeoplehavebeenaffectedbythedrought.1)haveaninfluenceon2)causefeelingsofsorrow,anger,love,etc,in(sb.)MartinLutherKing’sspeechdeeplyaffectedtheaudience.2021/5/931DR_WORD_T3AFFECT2Nothingyousaywillaffectmydecision.這里這三個(gè)詞都作為動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較。affect

表示“影響”，以被影響的人或物作賓語(yǔ)。大致可分為兩種情況：1）“使…起變化”，沒(méi)有好或壞的意思；2）“對(duì)…發(fā)生不良影響”。例如：affect,effect&influenceCF:無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么都不會(huì)影響我的決定。Thesmallamountofrainlastyearaffectedthegrowthofcrops.去年雨少影響了莊稼的生長(zhǎng)。2021/5/932DR_WORD_T3AFFECT3Thenewhairdoeffectedastartlingchangeinherappearance.Effect

n.

have

an

effect

on用作及物動(dòng)詞表示“產(chǎn)生，招致”或“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，以“改進(jìn)，變化”等類的詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如：這新發(fā)式使她的外貌產(chǎn)生了驚人的變化。Suchfilmshaveadangerousinfluenceonchildren.Myteacherinfluencedmydecisiontostudyscience.Influence

n.

指對(duì)行為、性格或觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響

v.影響可好可壞。Influence

sb.

/sth.例如：CF:2021/5/933DR_WORD_T3IDLETheboyisreallyidle;hejustsitsaroundthehouseallday.idle:

adj.

1)lazy

2)notworkingMenareleftidlewhenmachinesbreakdown.3)ofnouseHiswordswerejustidlethreats;hecan’tharmus.Collocation：stand/lieidle閑著Themachinerystoodidleforamonth.2021/5/934DR_WORD_T3BREAKDOWN1breakdown:Theelevatorsinthisbuildingarealwaysbreakingdown.Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwhenthetwosidesfailedtoreachanagreement.1)stopworking2)fail3)destroy;reduceorbereducedtopiecesTheybrokethedoordown.2021/5/935DR_WORD_T3BREAKDOWN2Collocation：逃走，逃脫breakaway闖入，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷；插嘴breakin闖入，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入breakinto逃脫，逃出；突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)breakout突破breakthrough打碎；結(jié)束；解散；（學(xué)校）開始放假breakup2021/5/936DR_WORD_T4DRIVEHOMEdrivehome:

make(sth.)clearsothatpeopleunderstanditPeterwaslazy.Hisparentstriedtodrivehometohimtheimportanceofhardwork.Wemustdrivehometohimwherethedifficultieslie.我們必須使他徹底明白困難在哪里。drivesth.home(tosb.)Pattern:

2021/5/937EachofthefollowingpicturesstandsforaKevinHanleyinacertainyear.MatchthepicturewiththedescriptionandthentelltheclasshowthisKevinlivesPart

22021/5/938BDGECFAKevin2050—()Kevin1835—()Kevin1928—()Kevin1945—()Kevin1966—()Kevin1990—()Kevin2020—()GR_REARRANGETHEORDEROFTHEPICTURES2ABCDEFG2021/5/939–Kevin1835,apoorpeasantinIreland–Kevin1928,asteel-millworkerinPittsburgh,U.S.A.–Kevin1945,asoldierfightingtheJapanesearmy–Kevin1966,astudentwhostudiesallthetimesoastogetintocollegeandlawschool–Kevin1990,acleanerinaJapanese-ownedfactory–Kevin2020,aporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians–Kevin2050,livinginaslumandsearchingthroughtrashpilesforfoodHowthisKevinlives2021/5/940DR_WORD_T6BETTEROFFbetteroff:

richerthanyouwerebefore;morecomfortableIt’sobviousthatthosewhoworkhardarebetteroffthanthosewhodon’t.現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)人的生活比以前強(qiáng)多了。NowadaysChinesepeoplearebetteroffthantheyusedtobe.2021/5/941DR_WORD_T7SCAREDscared:adj.

frightened(oftenfollowedbyof/to/that-clause)Theladyhasalwaysbeenscaredofsnakes.I’mscaredtoflyinaplane.I’mscaredthatitmightcrash.2021/5/942DR_WORD_T10ADEQUATE1adequate:

adj.

enough(oftenfollowedbytoorfor)Isthetransportsystemadequatetodeliverthefoodtoremoteareas?對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這本書也夠用了。Fortheuseofbeginners,thebookisadequate.HerknowledgeofEnglishwasadequateforthejob.CF:adequate,enough&sufficient三詞均表示“足夠的”。adequate

指“能夠滿足特定的或最起碼的要求的,符合一個(gè)客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn),兼有適當(dāng)?shù)囊馑?2021/5/943DR_WORD_T10ADEQUATE2enough指“能夠滿足一種欲望或需要”，比較偏重?cái)?shù)量，并可放在所形容的名詞后面。例如：Arethereenoughapplesforeveryone?sufficient具有與

enough

相同的意思，只是更為正式，并較強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。

Fillintheblankswiththeadequate,enoughorsufficient.

1)Wehaven’tgot________informationfromwhichtodrawaconclusion.2)Thepianistgavean________performance.3)Thereis_________foodforsixpeople.4)Ihopeyouwillprove_________tothejob.sufficient

adequate

enough

adequate

CF:2021/5/944DR_KEVIN2020’ST9WhatcanweinferfromthefactthatthefactoryinwhichKevin2020’sfatherworksisownedbytheJapanesenottheChineseorpeoplefromothercountries?Itcanbeinferredthatintheauthor’sopiniontheJapanesearethesymbolofsuccessbecauseoftheirhardwork,educationanddiscipline.Kevin2020’sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.2021/5/945DR_THEMANEXPLAINST111.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.那人跟凱文解釋說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)人沒(méi)有錢，教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。2.Doyouagreewiththatman’sopinion?Whyorwhynot?ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.2021/5/946DR_THEYWORKT12…theyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves.Therearethreewordsof“discipline”inthistext(Para.19,Para.20,Para.21).TellthedifferentmeaningsoftheminChinese.Thefirst“discipline”(Para.19)means“訓(xùn)練”,thesecond(Para.20)means“紀(jì)律”

andthelastone(Para.21)means“約束”.2021/5/947DR_WORD_T12ASTONISH1astonish:

vt.

surpriseverymuch;amazeTheyweregreatlyastonishedattheextraordinarybeautyofthepicture.Wewereastonishedtohearthathehadpassedhisdrivingtest.

這三個(gè)詞在表示“使…驚異”時(shí)，意義相近，一般以事物或人作主語(yǔ)；以人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。它們的主要區(qū)別在于：astonish

特指不可能解釋的事發(fā)生后使人產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)的驚異感情。astonish表示驚異的時(shí)間較surprise長(zhǎng)久。例如：CF:astonish,amaze,&surprise2021/5/948DR_WORD_T12ASTONISH2Theywereastonishedat/bythenewsofhisescape.他們對(duì)他逃跑的消息感到吃驚。Iwasamazedat/byhercalmness.amaze指帶有迷惑或贊美的驚奇，是意義很強(qiáng)的詞。例如：

我對(duì)她的冷靜感到驚訝。（含有“欽佩”之意）surprise著重因意外之事或特殊的事而產(chǎn)生的突然反應(yīng)。例如：Herfrankanswersurprisedhim.她坦率的回答使他感到驚訝。CF:2021/5/949DR_WORD_T12MIRACLEmiracle:

n.

anamazingorwonderfulevent,esp.sth.thathappensunexpectedlyTherewasasevereearthquakeinthatarea,butbyamiracle,noonewaskilledinit.Theteachertoldmethatit’dbeamiracleifIpassedtheexamination.Itwasamiraclethatthepilotlandedtheplaneinthatsnowstorm.marvel：側(cè)重異乎尋常，奇怪，從而使人好奇。miracle：一般指被認(rèn)為是人力所辦不到的奇異之事。wonder：通常指使人驚奇的事跡、人物或景觀，主要指人創(chuàng)造的奇跡。2021/5/950DR_WORD_T12FACULTYForawomanof85,shestillhasallherfaculties.2)alltheteachersofauniversityorcollegeItisamyththatthefacultyofhearingisgreatlyincreasedinblindpeople.faculty:n.

1)mentalandphysicalabilitiesAftersevenyearsofstudy,hesucceededinjoiningthefacultyofColumbiaUniversity.2021/5/951DR_SORRYPOPT12“Sorry,Pop,”Kevin1990says.“Ihavetostudy.”1.Whydoestheboysayso?Becausehisdreammakeshimknowtheimportanceofeducationandhehasmadeuphismindtostudyhard.2.Canyouimaginehisfather’sreactiontotheboy’sanswer?2021/5/952Usefulexpressions2021/5/953AR_USEFULEXPRESSIONS1UsefulExpressions

1.用完了runoutof2.一大把a(bǔ)handfulof3.為…感到難過(guò)beupsetby…4.私立大學(xué)aprivatecollege5.問(wèn)題的一小部分atinysliceoftheproblem6.對(duì)…毫不在乎achillingindifferenceabout…7.跟…競(jìng)爭(zhēng)competewith…2021/5/954AR_USEFULEXPRESSIONS2atsomepointsoonwayoflifemanualworkdrive…h(huán)omeahumblesuggestionasthestoryopensgoshoppingfor…8.用不了多久的某個(gè)時(shí)候9.生活方式10.體力勞動(dòng)11.使徹底認(rèn)識(shí)到…

12.愚見13.故事開始時(shí)14.去商店買…

2021/5/955AR_USEFULEXPRESSIONS315.使某人入睡 putsb.tosleep16.固定工資steadywages17.他把希望寄托在…身上hishopeliesin…18.比…的境遇好多了befarbetteroffthan…19.從廢墟中站起來(lái)risefromtheashes20.躍入眼簾catchone’seye2021/5/956Textanalysis2021/5/9571.Stylestudy:parallelismfigureofspeechParallelismistheuseofcomponentsinasentencethatare

grammaticallythesame;orsimilarintheirconstruction,sound,meaning,ormeter.Thismethodaddsbalanceandrhythmtosentences,givingideas

asmootherflowandthuspersuasiveness,becauseoftherepetitionitemploys.(1)Planeswillcrash.

Computerswilljam.Carswillbreakdown.(Line28)(2)Heisalwayshot,

alwayshungry,alwaysscared.(line54)Helivesinaslumwhere(3)thereisnoheat,

noplumbing,noprivacy.(line79)2021/5/958For

example:

Theneighbormaystealyourmoney,yourfriendmaycheatyou,yourwifemayleaveyou,yoursonmayneglectyou,butyourdogwillbewithyou,whetheryouarerichorpoor.Classwork:

parallelismatleast3sentences2021/5/959AR_WRITINGPRACTICE1.12.CauseandEffectEssayWritingCauseandeffectessaysareconcernedwithwhythingshappen(cause)andwhathappensasaresult(effect).Causeandeffectisacommonmethodoforganizinganddiscussingideas.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoudraftthistypeofessay:2021/5/960AR_WRITINGPRACTICE1.2Distinguishbetweencauseandeffect.Todeterminecauses,ask,“Whydidthishappen?”Toidentifyeffects,ask,“Whathappenedbecauseofthis?”Developyourthesisstatement.Stateclearlywhetheryouarediscussingcauses,effects,orboth.Introduceyourmainidea,usingtheterms“cause”and/or“effect”.Findandorganizesupportingdetails.Backupyourthesiswithrelevantandsufficientdetailsthatareorganized.Useappropriatetransitions.Toblenddetailssmoothlyincauseandeffectessays,usethetransitionalwordsandphrases.2021/5/961AR_WRITINGPRACTICE2ASampleStamp-collectingisanexcellenthobbyformanyreasons.First,everyone,youngandold,canparticipate.Second,itisnotexpensive.Expensiveequipment