人教版英語必修四新素養(yǎng)講義Unit2Workingtheland4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語1．(教材P10)Sincethen,finding(find)waystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2．(教材P10)Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasing(increase)thericeoutput.3．(教材P10)YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．(教材P10)Heenjoyslistening(listen)toviolinmusic,playing(play)mah-jong,swimming(swim)andreading(read)．5．(教材P10)Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducing(produce)akindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.6．Itisnousearguing(argue)withhimaboutsuchamatter.概念：動詞-ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種。動詞-ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動詞-ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語和定語。動詞-ing形式作主語1．動詞-ing形式作主語時，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，通常置于句首?！鬝ayingisonething,anddoingisanother.說是一回事，而做是另一回事?！鬜eadingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。(1)不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動作?！鬞olietoheriswrong.對她撒謊不對。(2)動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。◆Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.對于老人來說爬山確實困難?！炯磿r演練1】——單句語法填空①(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn)tothinkcritically(批判性地)isanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.②Attending(attend)thepartylastnightmadeAliceveryexcited.③Mary’sbeing(be)lateforclassthismorningmadetheteacherangry.2．形式主語it代替動詞-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：Itisawasteoftimedoing... 做……是浪費時間的。Itisnogood/usedoing... 做……是沒用的。Itisworthwhiledoing... 做……是值得的。Itisuselessdoing... 做……沒有用。Itisnofundoing... 做……沒有樂趣?！鬒tisnogood/useregrettingforthepast.悔恨過去是沒用的?！鬒tisawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutthematter.同他爭辯這件事真是浪費時間?！炯磿r演練2】——單句語法填空①Itisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③It’snouseplaining(plain)withouttakingaction.動詞-ing形式作賓語1．作動詞的賓語常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承認否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)◆Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗子嗎？◆Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽收音機。◆Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對我的問題避而不答。2．作動詞短語的賓語常見的跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞短語有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等?！鬑einsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅持要按照自己的方法做?！炯磿r演練3】——單句語法填空/完成句子①Iwillbecarefultoavoidmaking(make)thesamemistakesinmystudy.②Whilegoingshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelpbeing__persuaded(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneed.③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing__punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.⑤這對于正在試圖戒煙的人來說很有用。Itisveryusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive__up__smoking．⑥我從未夢想過要參觀那個地方。Ihaveneverdreamed__of__visiting__that__place．3．在有些動詞的后面，如start,begin,continue等，既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大?！鬞heycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，好像什么也沒發(fā)生過。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等動詞后接動詞-ing形式作賓語指經(jīng)常性的動作，用不定式作賓語指具體的動作?！鬑epreferredstayingathomewhenitrained.下雨時他寧愿待在家里。(用動詞-ing形式作賓語，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)◆Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動詞不定式作賓語，表示“今天下午留在家里”這一具體的動作。)【即時演練4】——單句語法填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo__swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些動詞(短語)后跟不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語均可，但含義不同。常見的有：動詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來去做某事doing停止做某事◆Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請記著代我向你的家人問好?！鬒stillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景?！炯磿r演練5】——單句語法填空①Imeanto__change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽卷)Irememberedto__lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto__turn(turn)offthelights.③Iregretto__tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.6．下列動詞可接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，相當于不定式的被動形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone◆Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車需要修一下?！炯磿r演練6】——一句多譯①這個問題值得討論?！鶷he__question__deserves__discussing.→The__question__deserves__to__be__discussed.②這個窗戶需要清掃了?！鶷he__window__needs/requires/wants__cleaning.→The__window__needs/requires/wants__to__be__cleaned.動詞-ing形式的否定形式動詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和動詞-ing形式之間。◆Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你沒有理由不去?！鬑ewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhishomework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰?！炯磿r演練7】——完成句子①Excusemeformy__not__ing__on__time(我沒能按時來)．②I’msorryfornot__having__kept__my__promise(沒有遵守我的承諾)．動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞-ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：(1)形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing(2)名詞’s＋動詞-ing(3)代詞賓格＋動詞-ing(4)名詞＋動詞-ing◆Heringtohelpencouragedallofus.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人?！鬞hebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。◆Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？(1)動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。作主語時，不能用(3)(4)兩種形式。(2)無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第(2)種形式。◆Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻?！鬌oyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？【即時演練8】——用動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子①他父親病了，使他很擔心。His__father’s__being__illmadehimworried.②你正確未必就意味著我錯了。Your__being__rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.③我們盼望著周杰倫來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。WearelookingforwardtoJay__Chou’s/Jay__Chou__ingtogiveusavocalconcert.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Danaadmittedfeeling(feel)hurtbywhatIhadsaid.2．Theteacherwasquiteangryforyourbeing(be)latethismorning.3．Igaveuptrying(try)topersuadehimtocontinuewithhisstudies.4．Joansuggestedasking(ask)herfatherforhisopiniononthematter.5．Whenthebosscamein,everyonestoppedtalking(talk)andlookedathim.6．Iwanttoavoidspeaking(speak)tohimuntilI’vegotmoredetails.7．Sheimaginedherselfsitting(sit)inherfavouritearmchairbackhome.8．Knowing(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.9．Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.10．Lauradislikesbeing(be)withchildrensoshedoesn’tplantobeaprimaryschoolteacher.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)對比填空1．(1)Irememberseeing(see)herbefore,butIcan’trememberwhenitwas.(2)Youmustrememberto__tell(tell)Jacksonthenewstonight.2．(1)Don’tforgetto__turn(turn)offallthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.(2)Iwillneverforgetfinding(find)thatrarecoininmygardenlastyear.3．(1)Ididn’tmeanto__visit(visit)himyesterdayafternoon.(2)Givingupyourplanmeanslosing(lose)alargeamountofmoney.4．(1)Sorry,Ican’thelp(to)__paint(paint)thewallthisweekend.(2)Allthekidscouldn’thelplaughing(laugh)atthejoke.5．(1)Thelittleboystoppedcrying(cry)whenhesawthenewtoycarandbegantoplaywithithappily.(2)Shefeltthirsty,soshestoppedto__get(get)adrinkofwater.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)單句改錯1．Mr.Zhangdevoteshimselftohelpthosepoorchildrencontinuewiththeireducation.help→helping2．LittleAlicelookedforwardtostaywithhergrandparentsinthecountrysideinsummer.stay→staying3．Ithinkitisnopleasurewatchthefootballmatchathomealone.watch→watching4．InChineseculture,pointatotherswithafingerisconsideredtobeimpolite.point→pointing5．Everytimeshethoughtofthepastdays,shecouldn’thelpsmile.smile→smilingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)語法與寫作1．擁有朋友意味著你有談話的人，所以你不會感到孤獨和沮喪。Having__friends__means__that__you__can__have__someone__to__talk__tosothatyoudon’tfeellonelyanddepressed.2．很多人都建議制定更多的規(guī)則以保護動物權(quán)益。Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting__up__more__rulestoprotectanimalrights.3．在海邊度假很有趣。It’sfunspending__the__holidayatthebeach.4．我們正忙著為即將到來的考試做準備。Wearebusypreparing__for__the__ing__exam．5．那兩個違反校規(guī)的學(xué)生很幸運沒有受到懲罰。Thetwostudentswhohadbrokentheschoolruleswereluckyenoughtoescape__being__punished．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Talking(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2．Swimming(swim)isnotonlygoodexercisebutalsoaveryusefulskill.3．Itisnopleasurestaying(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.4．Myfathersuggestedreading(read)morebooksinmysparetime.5．Toavoidbeing__seen(see)bytheteacher,Tonystoleintotheclassroombythebackdoor.6．Thegirlstoppedrunning(run)andpickedupawalletfromtheground.7．Mr.Leedevotedmanyyearstoimproving(improve)thesystem.8．Someofthechildrenareshyandtheyhavesomedifficultyinmaking(make)friends.9．To__get(get)theposition,shedevotedherselftomanagingtopletemountainsofextrawork.10．ThecoupleweregladtohavetheopportunitytovisitMontrealanddidn’tregrettaking(take)thetrip.11．Theemployeewhohadahighfeverfinallyagreedto__ask(ask)permissionforahalfday’sleavetohaveagoodrest.12．Istillrememberbeing__invited(invite)todinnerinKitty’shousewhenIwasonlyfiveyearsold.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解Theoldestdesert(沙漠)intheworldisinNamibia(acountryinAfrica).ThedesertiscalledtheNamibDesert.Thisdesertisbelievedtobenearly40millionyearsold!Itistrulyanancientdesert.TheNamibDeserthassomeoftheworld’sbiggestsanddunes(沙丘).Thedunestowerhighintothesky.Onedune,called“BigDaddy”，isalmost1，200feet(365meters)high!Thismeans“BigDaddy”isbiggerthana100-storybuilding!Peoplecanclimb“BigDaddy”.Onemanclimbedtothedune’screst,ortop.Nearthecrest,themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown.TheNamibDesert’sancientdunesvaryincolor.Whensomethingvaries,itchangesandbeesdifferent.TheNamibDesertdunesvaryfromorangetored.Duringtheday,thesurfacetemperatureofthesanddunesheatsup.Thesurfacetemperaturecanheatupto54℃.Whatdoesonelizard(蜥蜴)dotokeepitsfeetcool?Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.Whenthisisn’tenough,thelizarddivesintothesand.Itdigsdowntowherethesandiscooler.Littlewaterfallsonthedunes.Oftenthereislessthanhalfaninch(1.3centimeters)ofrainayear.Whatdoesoneduneplantdoforwater?Itusesthemorningfog(霧)!ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.Itrollsacrossthedunes.Theplant’sleavesarefilledwithemptyspaces.Theemptyspacestakeindroplets(小水珠)ofthewater.Theplantcansurviveyearswithoutrainbytakinginthefogdroplets.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上最古老的沙漠——納米布沙漠。1．WhatistheNamibDesertmostfamousfor?A．Itsoldage. B．Itsbigsize.C．Itslocation. D．Itsanimals.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的oldest和ancient可知，納米布沙漠是世界上最古老的沙漠，因此它以其年代久遠聞名于世。2．Whydoestheauthormentionthemanclimber?A．Toshowitisfuntoclimbdunes.B．Toshowthepopularityof“BigDaddy”．C．Toshow“BigDaddy”isthehighestdune.D．Toshowthedifficultyofclimbing“BigDaddy”．D解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown可知，攀爬“大老爹”沙丘還是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。3．HowdoesalizardintheNamibDesertdealwiththeheat?A．Ittouchesthesandwithaslittleofitsbodyaspossible.B．Itkeepsjumpingfromonecoolplacetoanother.C．Itjumpsashighaspossibleintotheair.D．Itstaysinsidethesandthewholeday.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.可知，蜥蜴一次只有兩只腳著地，這樣輪換著來讓腳涼快點。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theduneplantlivesontherain.B．ItrainsoftenintheNamibDesert.C．TheNamibDesertisacoastaldesert.D．Plantscanseldombeseenonmostdunes.C解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段中的ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.可知，納米布沙漠是一個海濱沙漠。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Peopleareoftenencouragedtomakefriendswiththeirenemy(敵人),butthehighschoolstudentXavierStaubsdidmorethanthat.He__1__theother’slife.Ataswimminggame,the15-year-oldboyrescueda__2__underwater.Itwasaregularswimminggame.Xavierwas__3__becausehehadpracticedforalongtime.Asexpected,he__4__hispartwitheaseinthe200-meterrelay(接力比賽).Whenhewasresting,heheardsomepeople__5__anxiously.Xavierturnedbackandnoticedthataboyintheneighboringlane(泳道)was__6__.Seeingthis,havingno__7__toconsidermore,Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediatelyand__8__theboyouttothesafetyzone.__9__，theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown.Xavier’s__10__gottheattentionofRepresentativeJohnMoolenaar.HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.AtlunchtimeonTuesday,Xavier__11__Moolenaarwasingtomeethim.“We’veheardthestory.Ithinkwereallyshould__12__whathedid，”MoolenaartoldCNN.“Weoftenhearabouttragediesand__13__situations，”Moolenaarsaid,“butthiswassuchapowerful__14__ofonestudenthelpinganother__15__thetwoboyswerepetitors.”However,Xavier’smother,JillianStaubs,saidshewasnot__16__.Jilliansaidshehadbeentryingto__17__herchildrenlikewhatherparentsdid.Herparentsalwaystoldherandhersistersnottobeepeoplewhojust__18__themselves.AndXavierperformedsucha__19__act,whichactuallywassomethingshewasusedtohearingabout.Xavierisnotonlyagreat__20__butalsoadancer,bandmemberandastraight-Astudent.Andnow,ahero.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位高中生挽救了一名同時參加游泳比賽而溺水的對手的故事。1．A.wasted B．recordedC．saved D．startedC解析：根據(jù)the15-year-oldboyrescued...及后文的內(nèi)容可知，Xavier挽救(saved)了溺水的對手的生命。2．A.partner B．strangerC．volunteer D．petitorD解析：根據(jù)文章第一句話及后文的內(nèi)容可知，本文講的是對手之間的故事，Xavier救的人是跟他一起參加游泳比賽的競爭者(petitor)。3．A.afraid B．confidentC．stubborn D．determinedB解析：根據(jù)后文的becausehehadpracticedforalongtime及withease可知，Xavier練習(xí)了很久，所以很有信心(confident)。4．A.forgot B．missedC．organized D．pletedD解析：根據(jù)后文的Whenhewasresting...可知，Xavier完成了(pleted)200米接力賽中他負責(zé)的那一部分。5．A.shouting B．fightingC．begging D．plainingA解析：根據(jù)anxiously及后文的內(nèi)容可知，有人溺水了，Xavier應(yīng)該是聽到人們著急大喊(shouting)。6．A.rushing B．waitingC．practicing D．strugglingD解析：根據(jù)語境可知，那個學(xué)生溺水了，應(yīng)該是在水里掙扎(struggling)。7．A.energy B．timeC．power D．freedomB解析：根據(jù)Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediately...可知，情況危急，Xavier沒有時間(time)思考，立即跳下水去救人。8．A.drove B．threwC．pulled D．pressedC解析：根據(jù)theboyouttothesafetyzone可知，Xavier應(yīng)該是把溺水者從泳池拖(pulled)到安全區(qū)域。9．A.Naturally B．HonestlyC．Seriously D．FortunatelyD解析：根據(jù)theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown可知，慶幸的是(Fortunately)，溺水者沒有大礙，還能自己呼吸。10．A.action B．discoveryC．experience D．a(chǎn)chievementA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Xavier的行為(action)受到了Moolenaar的關(guān)注。11．A.noticed B．learnedC．realized D．a(chǎn)dmittedB解析：根據(jù)Moolenaarwasingtomeethim可知，Xavier得知(learned)Moolenaar要來見他。12．A.judge B．thankC．praise D．discussC解析：根據(jù)上文的HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.可知，Moolenaar認為應(yīng)該表揚(praise)Xavier的行為。13．A.unknown B．unsuitableC．unpleasant D．unavoidableC解析：根據(jù)Weoftenhearabouttragedies...可知，我們經(jīng)常聽到的都是悲劇，都是令人不快的(unpleasant)情況。14．A.example B．traditionC．a(chǎn)ccident D．a(chǎn)rgumentA解析：根據(jù)onestudenthelpinganother...可知，與我們經(jīng)常聽到的悲劇故事不同，這是一個強有力的幫助他人的例子(example)。15．A.asif B．incaseC．nowthat D．even