定語從句復(fù)習(xí)2

語法Grammar定語從句TheAttributiveClauses形容詞性從句--定語從句1、在復(fù)合句中，用來修飾某一名詞、代詞、句子叫做定語從句。（在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱為形容詞性從句。）2、被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞之后。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句對被修飾詞起到限制、修飾的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定語從句起補充、附帶說明作用，缺少也不會影響全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定語從句常用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、賓、定等成分）關(guān)系副詞：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作狀語）e.g.Themanwholivedonthethirdfloorwasafamousscientist.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語從句定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇取決于先行詞（被修飾詞）在定語從句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作賓語）

Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing. Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要點1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroom

thatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.

2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語且前面沒有介詞時，?？墒÷?。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.關(guān)系代詞指代在句子中的成分例句that指人主語指物賓語who指人主語賓語which主語指物賓語whose指人或物的所有格whom指人賓語where指地點狀語when指時間狀語why指原因狀語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語賓語定語賓語Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.

定語介賓賓語狀語定語從句簡化四法當(dāng)定語從句有謂語動詞后面是介詞短語,只而去掉關(guān)系代詞和謂語動詞即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

當(dāng)定語從句是主動結(jié)構(gòu),且為進行時態(tài),或當(dāng)定語從句表示經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)時,可以簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語.TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.------theboyreadingabookisTom.Thestudentswhostudyhereareallfromworkerfamilies.-------thestudentsstudyinghereareallfromworkerfamilies.(3)當(dāng)定語從句為被動語態(tài)是,支掉關(guān)系詞或助動詞,使之成為一個過去分詞短語.Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker.-----thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.Wecanseemanydinosaurswhichwerediscoveredbyyou.-----wecanseemanydinosaursdiscoveredbyyou(4)當(dāng)定語從句中的謂語動詞表示一個將要發(fā)生的動作或具有某種情態(tài)意義時,可以簡化為動詞不定式.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo.-----shehasalotfworktodo.Heisthefirstwhoarrivesandthelastwholeaves.-----heisthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.一、定語從句中主謂一致的問題：當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語是，從句的謂語必須與先行詞保持一致。1.TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.2.TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.二、定語從句中動詞時態(tài)的問題。定語從句根據(jù)表達的需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài)。e.g.1.WhereisthestudentwhomImetjustnow?2.WhereisthestudentwhomIwillvisitsoon?3.Whereisthestudentwhoisondutytoday?考點一：that和which三、以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。1.先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing,none等。e.g.

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.Ihadtoremembereverythingthattaughtme注：先行詞是something時，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which;先行詞是someone,anyone，someboby,anyboby,noboby時（即指人）關(guān)系代詞用that或who.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級時，或是最高級時，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.考點一：that和which3.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame,thejust等修飾時，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.HeisthelastmanthatIwanttosee.Ineedthesamebookthat/asyouhave.注：當(dāng)選行詞是thesame

時，也可以用as.4.先行詞同時指人和指物時，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.6.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或thelast修飾時，e.g.Hewasthefirstpersonthat

gottotheMountEmei.Thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisteam.Thefirstthingthatyoumustdoistohaveameal.7.先行詞是或被不定代詞all,few,little,much,evey,some,no等修飾時。E.g.Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.

我已完成了他讓我做的一切。

HehasnobooksthatIneed.

他沒有我所需要的書。

Thisislittleworkthatisfitforyou。

幾乎沒有適合你的工作了。8.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問詞who，which,what或主句以這些詞開頭時，e.g.whichisthestarthat

isnevertotheearth?Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.9.當(dāng)those作為先行詞指人時，通常只能用who引導(dǎo)；定語從句簡化四法當(dāng)定語從句有謂語動詞后面是介詞短語,只而去掉關(guān)系代詞和謂語動詞即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

當(dāng)定語從句是主動結(jié)構(gòu),且為進行時態(tài),或當(dāng)定語從句表示經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)時,可以簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語.TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.-