定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)2

語(yǔ)法Grammar定語(yǔ)從句TheAttributiveClauses形容詞性從句--定語(yǔ)從句1、在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)修飾某一名詞、代詞、句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句。（在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱(chēng)為形容詞性從句。）2、被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾詞起到限制、修飾的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充、附帶說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.定語(yǔ)從句常用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等（在句中作主、表、賓、定等成分）關(guān)系副詞：where(onwhich),when(inwhich),why(forwhich)（在句中作狀語(yǔ)）e.g.Themanwholivedonthethirdfloorwasafamousscientist.先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇取決于先行詞（被修飾詞）在定語(yǔ)從句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing. Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroom

thatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.

2.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且前面沒(méi)有介詞時(shí)，?？墒÷?。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.關(guān)系代詞指代在句子中的成分例句that指人主語(yǔ)指物賓語(yǔ)who指人主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)which主語(yǔ)指物賓語(yǔ)whose指人或物的所有格whom指人賓語(yǔ)where指地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)when指時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)why指原因狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語(yǔ)從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.

定語(yǔ)介賓賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化四法當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面是介詞短語(yǔ),只而去掉關(guān)系代詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),且為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),或當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),可以簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ).TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.------theboyreadingabookisTom.Thestudentswhostudyhereareallfromworkerfamilies.-------thestudentsstudyinghereareallfromworkerfamilies.(3)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是,支掉關(guān)系詞或助動(dòng)詞,使之成為一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ).Thisisabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker.-----thisisabookwrittenbyaworker.Wecanseemanydinosaurswhichwerediscoveredbyyou.-----wecanseemanydinosaursdiscoveredbyyou(4)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或具有某種情態(tài)意義時(shí),可以簡(jiǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式.Shehasalotofworkthatshemustdo.-----shehasalotfworktodo.Heisthefirstwhoarrivesandthelastwholeaves.-----heisthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.一、定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題：當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)是，從句的謂語(yǔ)必須與先行詞保持一致。1.TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.2.TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.二、定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題。定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.1.WhereisthestudentwhomImetjustnow?2.WhereisthestudentwhomIwillvisitsoon?3.Whereisthestudentwhoisondutytoday?考點(diǎn)一：that和which三、以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。1.先行詞為不定代詞everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing,none等。e.g.

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.Ihadtoremembereverythingthattaughtme注：先行詞是something時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用that或which;先行詞是someone,anyone，someboby,anyboby,noboby時(shí)（即指人）關(guān)系代詞用that或who.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，或是最高級(jí)時(shí)，用that。e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.考點(diǎn)一：that和which3.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thelast，thesame,thejust等修飾時(shí)，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.HeisthelastmanthatIwanttosee.Ineedthesamebookthat/asyouhave.注：當(dāng)選行詞是thesame

時(shí)，也可以用as.4.先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時(shí)，需用that。e.g.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.6.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或thelast修飾時(shí)，e.g.Hewasthefirstpersonthat

gottotheMountEmei.Thisisthefourthfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisteam.Thefirstthingthatyoumustdoistohaveameal.7.先行詞是或被不定代詞all,few,little,much,evey,some,no等修飾時(shí)。E.g.Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.

我已完成了他讓我做的一切。

HehasnobooksthatIneed.

他沒(méi)有我所需要的書(shū)。

Thisislittleworkthatisfitforyou。

幾乎沒(méi)有適合你的工作了。8.當(dāng)先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who，which,what或主句以這些詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)，e.g.whichisthestarthat

isnevertotheearth?Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.9.當(dāng)those作為先行詞指人時(shí)，通常只能用who引導(dǎo)；定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化四法當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面是介詞短語(yǔ),只而去掉關(guān)系代詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可.e.g.ThestudentthatisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.---------ThestudentfromCanadaspeaksFrench.Thebookthat/whichisontableisexpensive.----------thebookonthetableisexpensive.(2)

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),且為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),或當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句表示經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),可以簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ).TheboythatisreadingabookisTom.-