2021屆高考英語復習考點Book 1 Module 5 A lesson in a lab（解析版）

2021年高考英語一輪復習考點掃描05解析版

Book1Module5Alessoninalab

?基礎盤點?自測自評?

閱快速排查本模塊閱讀詞匯并在不認識的詞匯前劃4

讀□1.liquidn.延位^,expandvi.膨脹EB.contractvi.收縮

□4.substancen.物質EJ5.boilvt.煮；煮沸tt.steamn,蒸汽；水汽

單

EZ17.floatvi.漂浮口S.flamen.火焰□?.facilityn.（常作復數）設備；工具

詞

□lO.lecturen.演講Dll.departmentn.（大學的）科、系

1.stagen.階段；時期2.ordinaryadj.普通的；平常的

核3.formvi.形成4.balancen.天平；平衡

心【會應用】根據漢語提示完成下列各句

單l.Weshouldhaveabalanced(均衡的)diettokeepusenergeticeveryday.

詞2.Astheychatted,theideaofspendingholidaytogethergraduallyformed(形成).

3.0rdinarily(一般說來),Ifindthisjobeasy,buttodayI'mhavingproblems.

l.mixv.7昆合一＞mixturen.混合物

2e.lectricityn.電Teleclricadj.電的；用電的—electricaladj.與電有關的；用電的

重3.concludevt.推論出；斷定-conclusionn.結論

點4.ajmn.目標；目的—aimlessadi.無目的的;沒有目標的—aimlesslyadv.漫無目的地:無目標地

拓

詞5.reactvi.（化學）反應—reactionn.反應

匯6.equipvt.裝備；酉己備一equipmentn.設備；裝備

7.astonjshvt.使驚訝Tastonishmentn.驚愕—astonishedadj.吃驚的；驚愕的一■astonishing

掃展

描adj.令人驚訝的；使人驚奇的

【語境活用】用所給詞的適當形式填空

單1.Everyclassroominourschoolisequipped1withmodemequipment,(equip)

2.Thereactionshowedushowthecompanyreaciedtotheneedofthecustomer.(react)

3.Inmyopinion,eachofusshouldhaveanaimofourown.Butsomeofusleadanaimlesslifeevery

詞day.(aim)

4.Toourastonishment,thefamousstardiet.That'stosay,wewereastonishedatthenewsofher

suddendeath,anditwasreallyastonishing.(astonish)

5.JacksaidhecouldconcludefromJane'sexpressionthatJanehadstolenhismoney.Buteveryone

knewJackalwaysjumpedtoaconclusionvwithoutanyevidencetosupporthisconclusion.In

conclusion,nobodywaslikelytobelieveJanewasathief.(conclude)

1.put...inorder使...有條理【語境活用】用左欄短語的適當形式填空

重2.add...to...往...加入....l.puteverythinginorder井井有條

點3.usedto過去（常常）...2.addfueltotheemotionalfire火上澆油

短4.intheareaof在...領域3.benotsupposedtosmokehere不可以在這里吸煙

語5.beproudof為...感到驕傲/自豪4.keepoutoftherailroadtrack請勿靠近鐵軌

6.besupposedto應當；理應5.beproudofwhatwehaveachieved

7.keep...outof不讓...進入；使....避開為我們所取得的成就感到驕傲

8.goahead開始做某事（表示允許）；請用吧6.Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,butnowtheareais

mostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.

9.atthetop/bottom在頂/底部

句型1：分數作主語時，其謂語動詞的單復［句型仿寫］

數由分數所修飾的名詞而決定這座城市五分之四的面積是由樹和草地覆蓋的。

［教材原句］Two-thirdsoftheearth'ssurfaceFounfifthsoftheareaiscoveredbytreesandgrassin

iswater.地球表面的三分之二是水。thecity.

重

句型2：Itis+adj.+todo...［句型仿寫］

［教材原句］Itishardtothinkofaworld（2017?全國卷H）你通曉中國文化是必要的。IVs

點

withoutmetals.很難想象一個沒有金屬的necessaryfoeyoutohaveagoodknowledgeofChinese

世界（是什么樣子）。culture.

句

句型3：the+比較級...，the+比較級...

［句型仿寫］

式意為“越……，就越……”

［教材原句］Thecloseryouare,themore一個人越博學，他通常就越謙虛。

you'llsee.Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusually

你離得越近，看到的就越多。is.

Part1Part2

知JackusedtohateEnglishanditwashardforAsstudents,wearesupposedtoconcentrateonour

識hisparentstopersuadehimtolearnstudies,butrelaxationisalsowhatweneed.Ilike

主English.However,afterbalancingthelisteningtomusicinmysparetime,becauseitcanadda

advantagesagainstdisadvantages,hebegantolotoflivelinesstomyschoollife,whichinturnbenefits

線

workhard.ThemorehelearnedEnglish,themystudy.Inconclusion,it'sveryimportanttokeepa

串

moreinterestedhebecameinit.Nowhisaimbalancebetweenstudyandrelaxation!wouldliketo

記

istobeasuccessfulinteipreter.knowhowyoureacttomyviews.

1.“擴展”動詞全接觸2.-ture結尾名詞全掃描3.后綴-ment名詞小結

①expand擴展；膨脹?mixture混合物①equipmenl設備；裝備

拓

②enlarge擴大②furniture家具②treatment對待；治療

展

③spread擴展；蔓延③architecture建筑③announcement通知；通告

速

?prolong延長?departure出發(fā)；離開④achievement功績；成就

記

⑤extend延伸；延續(xù)⑤signature簽名；簽字⑤punishment懲罰

?隨堂檢測?基礎過關?

I.單句語法填空

1.Hedonatedalotofmoney,aiming(aim)tohelpthepeoplewhosurvivedtheflood.

2.Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsaswellasyourreaction(react).

3.Isooncametotheconclusion(cone1ude)thathecouldnotaffordtobuyahouse.

4.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffeewithsomesugarormilk?

一Oh,rdlikesomemilkadded(add)tothecoffee.

5.AsfarasIamconcerned,thegovernmentissupposedtotake(take)effectivemeasurestopreventthehazefrom

gettingworse.

6.ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny'sbirthdaypartyornot.

7.ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasier(easy)you'llfeelinspeakingEnglish.

8.Weallknowthatabalanced(balance)dietisofgreatimportancetoourhealth.

9.Ifyouspendtimebalancingadvantagesagainstdisadvantages,youmaygetnothingintheend.

10.Heusedtoplay(play)gamesontheInternet,butnowheisusedtotakjng(take)awalkaftersupper.

II.單句改錯

1.Puteverythingintheorderbeforeyouleavetheroom.去掉第一個the

2.Althoughastonishingatwhatheheard,Peterdidn'tsayanything.astonishing-astonished

3.Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewteachingequipmentssince2019.equiDments—?cauiDment

4.Theapartmentsaresoexpensivethattheyarehardforordinarilypeopletobuy.ordinarily-ordinary

5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrictarecoveredwithtreesandgrass.are一is

ni.課文里的高考根據課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Differentmetalshavedifferentuses.Whenweusemetals,itisimportant1.toknow(know)howtheyreactwith

2.different(differ)substances.Bydoingsomesimpleexperiments,wecanachievethe3.following(follow)

aims.Firstly,putthem4.inorderaccordingtothereaction.5.Secondly(second),findoutifironrustsindryair,in

air-freewaterandinordinarywater.Inordertoachievethesecondaim,weneeddifferentpiecesof

6.equipment(equip).7.Havingmade(make)fullpreparations,wecangotothedifferentstagesofthe

experiment.Duringeachstage,relativemethodsshould8.beused(use),Afterthat,wewillgetdifferentresultsand

maketheconclusions9.thatirondoesnotrustindryairandinair-freewaterIQ.butitrustsinordinarywater.

IV.話題中的寫作

aim,form,usedto,besupposedto,keep...outof,beproudof

1.補全要點句（“黑體''部分選用上面方框中的詞語）

①李華過去常常玩電腦游戲，他的成績越來越糟。

LiHuausedtoplaycomputergames,andhisgradesweregettingworseandworse.

②老師告訴他應該確立目標，養(yǎng)成好習慣。

Theteachertoldhimthathewassupposedtosetanaimandformagoodhabit.

③對他來說放棄玩游戲是困難的，但在老師的幫助下，他遠離了游戲。

Togiveupplayinggameswasdifficultforhim,butwiththehelpofhisteacherhekeDthimselfoutofthem.

④他感到越學習就越覺得對學習感興趣。

Hefeltthatashestudiedmore,hebecamemoreinterestedinstudy.

⑤他的父母為他感到驕傲。

Hisparentsareproudofhim.

2.升級平淡句

①用it作形式主語升級句③

Itwasdifficultforhimtogiveupplayinggames*butwiththehelpofhisteacherhekepthimselfoutofthem.

②用“the+比較級，the+比較級”升級句④

Hefeltthatthemorehestudiedthemoreinterestedhebecameinit.

3.銜接成語篇（注意使用適當的過渡銜接詞匯：later）

LiHuausedtoplaycomputergames,andhisgradesweregettingworseandworse.Theteachertoldhimthat

hewassupposedtosetanaimandformagoodhabit.hwasdifficultforhimtogiveupplayinggames,butwiththe

helpofhisteacherhekepthimselfoutofthem.Later,hefeltthatthemorehestudied,themoreinterestedhe

becameinit.Nowhisparentsareproudofhim.

?課后達標檢測?

I.短文語法填空

PeoplewantDaylightSavingTime(DST)toend.DSTislsemi-annualpracticeofputtingtheclock

forwardanhourinthespringandbackanhourintheautumn.Theaimis2(have)anextrahourof

eveningdaylightduringthesummermonths.Scientistsarequestioningthevalueofchangingthetime.Theysayit

couldbeactually3(harm)toourhealthandincreaseenergycosts.ThestatesofCaliforniaand

Massachusettsaretakingthematter4(serious)andconsideringendingDST.Lawmakerstheresayithas

nomeaningtodaywhenwehaveelectriclightsandpeopleworkaroundtheclock.

PeoplewhoareinsupportofDSTsayitsavesenergybecauselights5(turn)onlater.Theyargue

peopledomoreoutdooractivities,andit'sthereforegood6physicalandpsychologicalhealth.They

alsosayitcutstrafficaccidentsandcrime.People7tendtosupportDSTincludecityworkers,shop

owners,andothers8(benefit)fromincreasedlightduringtheeveninginsummer.Opponents(反對者)

sayitincreasesenergy9(cost)andcauseshealthrisks.Thenumberofheartattacksandstrokes

10(increase)becauseofchangesinourbodyclock.Withlessrest,peoplemakemoremistakes,so

accidentsincrease.

【語篇導讀】文章主要討論了有關夏令時(DaylightSavingTime)的不同觀點。

l.the解析：根據語境可知，此處表特指，故用定冠詞the.

2.tohave解析：根據下文的"anextrahourofeveningdaylightduringthesummer

months”可知，此處談論的是采用夏令時的目的，故用不定式。

3.harmful解析：他們說，事實上，夏令時可能對我們的健康有害。分析句子

結構可知，設空處在句中作表語，應用形容詞harmful.

4.seriously解析：takesth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認真對待某事”。

5.areturned解析：支持DST的人們說這能節(jié)省能源，因為開燈的時間變得較晚。

根據本文的基本時態(tài)為一般現在時可知，此處也用一般現在時；又因lights與turn之間是被

動關系，應用被動語態(tài)。故填areturned.

6.for解析：begoodfor為固定搭配，意為“有益于，對……有好處

7.who/that解析：分析句子結構可知，空處在此處引導定語從句，且在從句中

作主語，先行詞為people,故用關系代詞who/that.

8.benefiting解析：others與benefit之間是邏輯上的主動關系，故此處應用現在分

詞短語作后置定語，修飾olhers.

9.costs解析：反對者稱，它會增加能源成本，導致健康風險。cosl作“成本”講時，一般要用復數形

式costs.根據句意可知，此處應填costs.

10.increases解析：“thenumberof+名詞”作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應用第三人稱

單數。故填increases.

II.閱讀理解

IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleof

reciprocily.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpelling

diplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoand

TaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.

Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthe

reachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh（鐵絲網）.

Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercaged

ratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,

whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.

Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat（theoneinthecentralcage）hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherrats

usingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.

Now,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemore

desirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana-providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperior

partner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase（階段）thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana

—offeringratsthanforcarrot—offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthe

pastreceivedgreaterrewards-itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.

DolivoandTaborsky?sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,and

adjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatwe

shouldn'tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reciprocity“probablyreferto?

A.Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.

B.Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.

C.Apositiveattitudetoeverything.

D.Thequalityofbeinggenerous.

2.Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick?

A.Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.

B.Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.

C.Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.

D.Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.

3.Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat?

A.Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.

B?Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.

C.Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.

D.Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.

4.WhichofthefollowingmightDolivoandTaborskyagreewith?

A.Someanimalsmayreturnothers5help.

B.Norwayratshaveverypoormemories.

C.Itishardtoexplaintheabilityofanimals.

D.Rats'behaviorisveryuncommon.

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章詳細介紹了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做實驗得出結論的過程。

實驗的結果告訴人們，我們不應該低估動物的互惠能力。

1.B解析：詞義猜測題。根據第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe're

bothbetteroffasaresult”可知，如果兩個人互相抓背，則兩個人都能得到好處；由此可推知，reciprocity意

為“互惠”，故B項正確。

2.C解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段的內容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovided

piecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces”可推知，如

果一只老鼠拉棍子，則另一個籠子里的老鼠會吃到食物，故C項正確。

3.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段的內容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepast

receivedgreaterrewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠會得到更多的回報，故D項正確。

4.A解析：推理判斷題。根據尾段第一句可知，Doliv。和Taborsky的實驗表明，老鼠能夠回憶起誰提

供的幫助和幫助的質量，并調整它們的行為，從而投入更多的時間和精力去幫助那些幫助過它們的同類；

由此可推知，動物會回報幫助過它們的對象，故A項正確。

in.閱讀七選五

Asasenioryearstudent,youmayhavesomanypressurescomingfromsomanydirectionsthatyoucan't

figureoutwhattodofirst.

1.________

Whenyouhavemanythingstodoandalotofdemandsonyourtime,youcanlosesightofwhat'simportant.

Oneofthebestwaystoseethebigpicture—whatyouwantoutoflife—istolayoutyourgoals.

Pressurepointsandhowtodealwiththem

Confusedoroverwhelmed—2..Discussyourconcernswithafriend,parentorteacher.Theymay

helpyoufindsolutionstoyourproblemsandworries.

Don'tbetoohardonyourself-easeup,takeabreakanddosomethingyouenjoy,daydream,readabook,go

outwithfriends-anythingthathelpsyourelax.

Problems,problems,problems——recognizeyourlimits.It9stoostressfultotrytodealwithallyourproblemsat

once.3..

Goal-settingtips

It'simportanttorememberthatgoalsbelongtoyou-nottoyourparents,yourteachers,oryourfriends.After

you'vesetyourgoals,identifytheskillsyouhavetoachievethosegoals.4.,dosomeresearch.Trythe

library,yourguidanceadviserandteachers,andotherpeoplewhocouldhelpyou.

5.?Ifyourgoalissomethingyounolongerwant,changeit.Identifythebarrierstogettingyour

goals.Considerwaystoovercomethem.Don'tgetdepressedbyabig,long-termgoal-seewhatstepsyoucantake

toachieveitandsetthosestepsdownasshort-term,iUdoable^^goals.

A.Toomuchtodo

B.Balancinggoalsinlife

C.Goalsexisttoserveyou

D.Talktosomeoneyoutrust

E.Ifyou'renotsurewhatskillsyou'llneed

F.Aslongasyouknowwhatskillisimportantandwhatisn't

G.Choosewhafsthemosturgentandsetasidetherestuntillater

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要給畢業(yè)班的學生提出了面對諸多壓力時應該先做什么的建議。

1.B解析：分析空處位置可知，空處應為段落小標題。下文講的是在你有很多事情要做，并且在時

間上有很多要求時，你可能不清楚什么是重要的，顧全大局的最好辦法之一是設計你的目標。由此可知B

項“在生活中要平衡目標''符合語境。

2.D解析：根據空后的句子“Discussyourconcernswithafriend,parentorteacher.“可知，該空處表示“和

你信任的人交談”，所以選D項。

3.G解析：根據空前的"recognizeyourlimits.