英國文學史及選讀課件-7-The-Eighteenth-Century

TheEighteenthCentury(1688-1798)11/16/20236:29PM1MenuHistoricalbackgroundThreeDivisionsofthe18thCenturyEnglishLiterature11/16/202321.Historicalbackground:WiththeGloriousRevolutionin1688,theabsolutemonarchywasreplacedbyaconstitutionalmonarchy.Thepowerpassedfromthekinggraduallytotheparliamentandcabinetministers.(theliberalWhigsandtheconservativeTories.)ThecapitalistsystemwasestablishedonceandforallinEngland.Politically11/16/20233Politically11/16/20234Socially

Therisingurbanmiddleclassorbourgeoisiebroughttherapiddevelopmentofsociallife.11/16/20235EconomicallyIndustrialRevolution:thebeginningoflarger-scalemanufacturingBritaincontinuedtoexpanditscoloniesabroadinAsia,AfricaandNorthAmerica.

11/16/20236IdeologicallyAgeofEnlightenmentUndertheinfluenceofscientificdiscoveries(Newton)andflourishingofphilosophies,Frenchenlightenmentstarted.

11/16/20237*Enlightenment:

anintellectualmovementinthe18thc.beginninginFranceandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.

11/16/20238*Enlightenment:

Onthewholeitwasanexpressionofstruggleoftheprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstthefeudalism.11/16/20239

Itwas

acontinuationofRenaissanceinbeliefinthepossibilityofhumanperfectionthrougheducation.*Enlightenment:

11/16/202310Rationalitybecamestandardformeasurementofeverything.*Enlightenment:

11/16/202311Theguidingprincipleorsloganisreason,naturalrightandequality.

(AmericanIndependenceWarin1776;FrenchRevolutionin1789)*Enlightenment:

11/16/2023122.*ThreeDivisionsofthe18thCenturyEnglishLiterature:Forconvenience,westudy18thc.Britishliteratureinthreemaindivisions:1)Neoclassicism2)Themodernnovel3)Pre-romanticpoetry

Asawhole,itisanageofprose.11/16/2023131)*Neoclassicism

AncientclassicworksandcontemporaryFrenchworksweremodelsofwriting.Neoclassicistsupheldtheclassicprinciplesofrationality,morality,balance,unity,order,etc.

11/16/202314AlexanderPope:-thehighestauthorityinmattersofliteraryart-madecontributionstothetheoryandracticeofprosody(韻律)

Leadingwriters:11/16/202315JosephAddisonandRichardSteele:-TheSpectator(amoralisticjournalaboutsocialproblemsandprivatelifeandadventures)

Leadingwriters:11/16/2023162)ThemodernnovelThemid-centurywitnessedtherisingofanewliterarygenre---themodernEnglishnovelNovelsgavearealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonpeople.11/16/202317

DanielDefoeRobinsonCrusoe

JonathanSwift

Gulliver’sTravelsSamuelRichardsonPamela《帕美勒》HenryFieldingTomJones

Novelist&representativenovel11/16/2023183)Pre-romanticpoetryWilliamBlakeapoet;anengraver;aprecursoroftheRomanticmovement.MainWorks:SongsofInnocence;(1789)

SongsofExperience(1794)RobertBurns11/16/2023193.*RobertBurns(1759-1796)BurnswasborninScotlandinapoorpeasantfamily.BurnswrotepoemsandsongsintheScottishdialectandinthetraditionofScottishfolksongs.11/16/202320

Hecollectedmorethan300folksongsandballadsandthegreatestofScottishpoets.4.*RobertBurns(1759-1796)11/16/202321“Ared,redrose”11/16/20236:29PM22

ARed,RedRoseOmyluveislikeared,redrose,That’snewlysprunginJune;OmyluveislikethemelodieThat’ssweetlyplayedintune.

Asfairartthou,mybonielass,SodeepinluveamI;AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tilla’theseasgangdry.呵，我的愛人像朵紅紅的玫瑰，

六月里迎風初開；

呵，我的愛人像支甜甜的曲子，

奏得合拍又和諧。我的好姑娘，多么美麗的人兒！

請看我，多么深摯的愛情！

親愛的，我永遠愛你，

縱使大海干涸水流盡。11/16/202323Tilla’theseagangdry,mydear,AndtherocksmeltwithsunAndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandsoflifeshallrun:

Andfaretheeweel,myonlyluve,Andfaretheeweelawhile;AndIwillcomeagain,myluve,Tho’itweretenthousandmile!縱使大海干涸水流盡，

太陽將巖石燒作灰塵，

親愛的，我永遠愛你，

只要我一息猶存。珍重吧，我唯一的愛人，

珍重吧，讓我們暫時別離，

但我定要回來，

哪怕千里萬里！11/16/202324Closereadingof“ARed,RedRose”:Readthepoemaloudandanswerthefollowingquestions:Whatimagesareused?Howdotheimagesaffectyou?Whatrhetoricaldevicesareused?11/16/202325ared,redrosenewlysprunginJune:

---lovelythemelodiesweetlyplayedintune;

---sweet*Images&effect11/16/202326*tilla’theseagangdry,mydear,andtherocksmeltthesun

---eternalWhilethesandsoflifeshallrun

---forwholelife11/16/202327

*RhetoricalDevices:SimileMetaphorHyperboleParallelismRepetition11/16/2023284DanielDefoe(1661-1731)ApioneernovelistofEngland,aprolificwriterofbooksandpamphlets.amerchant,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,andanovelist.11/16/202329Plot:seethetextbookTheme:TheheroistypicaloftherisingEn