政治、歷史時(shí)間及文化淵源和文化遺產(chǎn)【精講精研+拓展延伸】高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 閱讀一遍過(guò)

話題二十六政治、歷史時(shí)間及文化淵源和文化遺產(chǎn)第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語(yǔ)1.propertyn.__________________2.ruinsn.__________________3.prospectn.__________________4.prosperityn.__________________5.primitiveadj.__________________6.proteinn.__________________7.psychologistn.__________________8.publicationn.__________________9.publicityn.__________________10.pulsen.__________________11.punctuationn.__________________12.purchasev./n.__________________13.pursuev./n.__________________14.qualificationn.__________________15.questionnairen.__________________16.quotationn.__________________17.radiationn.__________________18.ration.__________________19.rawadj.__________________20.recallv.__________________21.receiptn.__________________22.receptionn.__________________23.recipen.__________________24.rectanglen.__________________25.recreationn.__________________26.refereen.___________________27.referencen.__________________28.reflectionn.__________________29.refundn.__________________30.regionn.__________________31.survivev.__________________32.__________________n.建議；提議；提案；求婚33.__________________v./n.抗議；反對(duì)；申明34.__________________adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的；守時(shí)的；按時(shí)的35.__________________adj.感到困惑的__________________adj.令人困惑的36.__________________adj.有資格的；稱(chēng)職的；合格的；有保留的37.__________________v.爭(zhēng)吵；吵架n.口角；爭(zhēng)吵38.__________________n.數(shù)量數(shù)額；數(shù)目；大量；眾多39.__________________n.質(zhì)量；特性；素質(zhì)；優(yōu)質(zhì)40.___________________adj.種族的；人種的；種族之間的41.__________________n.痊愈；復(fù)蘇；恢復(fù)；收回；重新獲得42.___________________n.現(xiàn)實(shí)；事實(shí)adj.__________________現(xiàn)實(shí)的；實(shí)際的；明智的；逼真的adj.__________________不現(xiàn)實(shí)的；不切實(shí)際的；空想的43.__________________adj.合理的，公道的；明智的；過(guò)得去的__________________adv.合理地；適度地；明智地；尚可__________________adj.不合理的；荒唐的；非明智的；不當(dāng)?shù)?4.__________________v.認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出__________________n.認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出45.___________________v.再循環(huán)；回收利用；重新使用46.__________________v.使……振作精神；重新斟滿(mǎn)；刷新47.對(duì)……感到自豪____________________________________48.當(dāng)眾，公開(kāi)地____________________________________49.汽車(chē)靠邊停下____________________________________列車(chē)進(jìn)站____________________________________50.故意地，有意地____________________________________51.把……放在一邊____________________________________52.提出____________________________________53.推遲____________________________________54.putoutthefire__________________55.putupwith__________________56.outofquestion__________________57.outofthequestion_58.插隊(duì)____________________________________59.辭職/輟學(xué)____________________________________60.orrather_____________________________________61.culturalrelics____________________________________62.____________________________________屬于63._____________________________________追溯到64.有……的歷史____________________________________65.保護(hù)……免受……____________________________________66.thepastcivilization____________________________________67.oneofthewonders____________________________________68.historicrelics____________________________________69.touristattraction____________________________________70.outstandingfolkarts_____________________________________詞匯拓展1.recognizev.認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)出；辨別出；承認(rèn)；意識(shí)到；(正式)認(rèn)可，接受，贊成【搭配】recognize...by/from...由……認(rèn)出……recognize...as...承認(rèn)是；認(rèn)作They___________thismanwithoutdifficulty.他們毫不費(fèi)力地認(rèn)出了這個(gè)人。She___________thetuneatonce.她馬上聽(tīng)出了這支曲子。Theydon't____________thenewgovernment.他們不承認(rèn)這個(gè)新政府。Thefilmisnow___________asaclassic.如今，這部電影被公認(rèn)為是一部經(jīng)典影片?！韭?lián)想】recognitionn.認(rèn)識(shí)，認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)2.putaside把……放在一邊；擱置；把……留待以后使用；拋開(kāi)，忘記，忽視，擱置(感情或爭(zhēng)執(zhí))Hehad____________alotofmoneyforretirement.他已經(jīng)為退休存了一筆數(shù)目相當(dāng)可觀的錢(qián)了。Shetookupasliceofbread,brokeitnervously,then____________it___________.她拿起一片面包，焦慮不安地把它掰碎，又放在一邊。Weshould___________ourdifferencesanddiscussthethingswehaveincommon.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)拋開(kāi)分歧，討論一下我們的共同點(diǎn)?！韭?lián)想】putup舉起，掛起；搭建putsb.up為某人安排住宿puton穿上，戴上；上演putaway把……放好putoff推遲，拖延putdown把……放下，記下；平息putout撲滅：伸出putinto把……放進(jìn)……;把……譯成……putone'sheartinto全神貫注于putanendto結(jié)束putback撥回(時(shí)鐘);推遲；阻礙putupwith容忍活學(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ifyouhavenotkeptapetparrotbefore,itwouldbewise___________(purchase)ahandbookonthesubject.2.Thelibraryisuniqueanditsbreak-upwouldbe___________sadreflectiononthevalueweplaceonourheritage.3.Assheturnedbackshecaughtthe___________(puzzle)lookonhermother'sface.4.Teachers___________(qualify)toteachinEnglandarenotacceptedinScotlandandviceversa.5.Teacherscanonlybeexpectedtodowhatis___________(reason)andpracticable.二、翻譯句子1.約翰被公認(rèn)為是全校最好的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(recognize)__________________________________________________________________2.我為自己能在別人有困難時(shí)幫助他人而自豪。(pride)__________________________________________________________________3.到目前為止學(xué)生們已經(jīng)提出了一系列問(wèn)題。(putforward)__________________________________________________________________4.我要是你的話，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地接受挑戰(zhàn)。(outofquestion)__________________________________________________________________參考答案單詞&短語(yǔ)1.財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有權(quán)2.廢墟3.前途，前景4.成功，繁榮5.原始的6.蛋白質(zhì)7.心理學(xué)家8.出版物9.關(guān)注，宣傳10.脈搏11.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)12.購(gòu)買(mǎi)13.追求14.資格，資格證書(shū)15.問(wèn)卷調(diào)查16.引語(yǔ)17.放射，輻射18.比例；比率19.未加工的；生的20.回憶；召回21.收據(jù)，收條22.接待；招待會(huì)23.處方；秘訣；食譜24.長(zhǎng)方形25.消遣，娛樂(lè)26.裁判員27.提及；參考28.映像；反射；思考29.退款30.地區(qū)；范圍31.幸存32.proposal33.protest34.punctual35.puzzled;puzzling36.qualified37.quarrel38.quantity39.quality40.racial41.recovery42.reality;realistic;unrealistic43.reasonable;reasonably;unreasonable44.recognize(s)e;recognition45.recycle46.refresh47.beproudof/takepridein48.inpublic49.pullover;pullin50.onpurpose51.putaside52.putforward53.putoff54.滅火55.忍受56.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)57.不可能；辦不到；無(wú)法接受58.jumpaqueue59.quitajob/quitschool60.更確切地說(shuō)61.文化遺產(chǎn)62.belongto63.datebackto/from64.haveahistoryof65.protect...from...66.過(guò)去的文明67.奇跡之一68.歷史遺產(chǎn)69.旅游勝地70.優(yōu)秀民間藝術(shù)詞匯拓展1.recognized;recognized;recognize;recognized2.putaside;put,aside;putaside活學(xué)活用一、1.topurchase2.a3.puzzled4.qualified5.reasonable二、1.Johnisrecognizedasthebestfootballerintheschool.2.Itakeprideinhelpingotherswhentheyareintrouble.3.Thestudentshaveputforwardaseriesofquestionssofar.4.IfIwereyouIwouldoutofquestionacceptthechallengewithouttheleasthesitation.第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解InventedintheTangDynastyandwidelyadoptedaftertheSongDynastyinFujian,thewatertight-bulkhead(水密艙壁)technologypermitstheconstructionofocean-goingshipswithwatertightcompartments(隔層).Ifoneortwocabinsareaccidentallydamagedatsea,waterwillnotfloodtheothercabinsandtheshipswillremainafloat.Theexperienceandworkingmethodsofwatertight-bulkheadtechnologyaretransmittedorallyfrommastertoapprentices.However,theneedforChinesejunks(中國(guó)式帆船)hasdecreasedsharplyaswoodenshipshavebeenreplacedbysteel-hulledships,andtodayonlythreemasterscanclaimfullcommandofthistechnology.Associatedbuildingcostshavealsoincreasedowingtoashortageinrawmaterials.Therefore,theinheritance(繼承)ofthisheritageisdecreasing,andinheritorsareforcedtoseekalternativeemployment.ZhangGuohui,a77-year-oldinheritorofthewatertight-bulkheadtechniquesusedtomakeChinesejunks,hasbeenmakingshipsformorethansixdecades.ComingfromapoorfamilyinafishingtowninEastChina’sFujianProvince,Zhangstartedtomakealivingattheageof16fishingontheopenseas,whichiswherehedevelopedakeeninterestinconstructingboats.Asafastlearner,ZhangwaslatersenttoshipyardsinthecitiesofQuanzhouandXiameninFujianProvince,wherehereceivedtrainingandbecameamasteroftraditionalChinesejunksandgainedfamebecauseofhisextremelyskilledcraftsmanshipintheconstructionofthesejunks.Infearthatthetraditionalskillswoulddiesomeday,Zhangstartedtorestoreoldshipsandmakemodeljunksforthemuseumwithhis20yearsofshipbuildingskills.“TherestoredancientshipsarethehistoricalwitnessesofQuanzhouasamaritimecenteroftheEastandSoutheastAsiatradenetwork,”saidZhang,addingthathefindstheworkmeaningfulsinceyoungergenerationscanlearnfromexhibitionsofancientshipsthattheirancestorshadadvancedshipbuildingtechnologyatanearlystageofdevelopment.“AslongasI’malive,I’llkeeppassingontheheritage,”hesaid.1．Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewatertight-bulkheadtechnology?A．Topreventshipsfromsinking. B．Toreducetheweightofships.C．Toallowshipstosailfaster. D．Tohelpshipsresiststrongwinds.2．Whichofthefollowingisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Toprovethesignificanceofsteel-hulledships.”B．Tostressthecomplexprocessofbuildingwoodenships.C．Topresentpeople’seffortstopassdownculturalheritages.D．Toshowdifficultiesofinheritingwatertight-bulkheadtechnology.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangGuohuifromparagraph3?A．Hesupportshisfamilybyfishing.B．Hewasbornwithatalentforshipbuilding.C．Hehasdevotedhimselftoconstructingboats.D．Hehaswonmanyawardsforrestoringancientships.4．WhatdoesZhangGuohuiconveyinhiswords?A．Traditionalcultureshouldbeinnovatedwiththetimes.B．TheancientshiptradeoriginatedfromQuanzhouinChina.C．Itisnecessaryformodernstudentstolearnshipbuildingskills.D．Itisworthpassingontraditionalskillsfromgenerationtogeneration.1．A2．D3．C4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了發(fā)明于唐代，宋代以后在福建被廣泛采用的水密艙壁技術(shù)，現(xiàn)在隨著木船被鋼鐵船所取代，今天只有三位大師可以完全掌握這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，幾近失傳，這是寶貴的中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。并介紹了一位致力于該項(xiàng)技術(shù)推廣與宣傳的傳承人——張國(guó)輝老人。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifoneortwocabinsareaccidentallydamagedatsea,waterwillnotfloodtheothercabinsandtheshipswillremainafloat.(如果一兩個(gè)艙室在海上意外損壞，水不會(huì)淹沒(méi)其他艙室，船只將保持漂浮)”可知，水密艙壁技術(shù)可以在船只部分受損的情況下，仍可以繼續(xù)保持漂浮不下沉。故選A項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Theexperienceandworkingmethodsofwatertight-bulkheadtechnologyaretransmittedorallyfrommastertoapprentices.However,theneedforChinesejunks(中國(guó)式帆船)hasdecreasedsharplyaswoodenshipshavebeenreplacedbysteel-hulledships,andtodayonlythreemasterscanclaimfullcommandofthistechnology.Associatedbuildingcostshavealsoincreasedowingtoashortageinrawmaterials.Therefore,theinheritance(繼承)ofthisheritageisdecreasing,andinheritorsareforcedtoseekalternativeemployment.(水密艙壁技術(shù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和工作方法由師傅口頭傳授給徒弟。然而，隨著木船被鋼殼船所取代，對(duì)中國(guó)舢板的需求急劇減少，今天只有三位大師可以聲稱(chēng)完全掌握這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。由于原材料短缺，相關(guān)的建筑費(fèi)用也增加了。因此，這一遺產(chǎn)的繼承性正在減少，繼承者被迫尋找替代工作)”可知，本段在講述當(dāng)今時(shí)代傳承這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的種種困難。故選D項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段首“ZhangGuohui,a77-year-oldinheritorofthewatertight-bulkheadtechniquesusedtomakeChinesejunks,hasbeenmakingshipsformorethansixdecades.(繼承了制造中國(guó)帆船的防水艙壁技術(shù)的77歲老人張國(guó)輝，已經(jīng)有60多年的造船經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，張國(guó)輝老人一生都致力于造船事業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘TherestoredancientshipsarethehistoricalwitnessesofQuanzhouasamaritimecenteroftheEastandSoutheastAsiatradenetwork,’saidZhang,addingthathefindstheworkmeaningfulsinceyoungergenerationscanlearnfromexhibitionsofancientshipsthattheirancestorshadadvancedshipbuildingtechnologyatanearlystageofdevelopment.(張國(guó)輝說(shuō)：‘這些被修復(fù)的古船是泉州作為東亞和東南亞貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)海上中心的歷史見(jiàn)證?！盅a(bǔ)充說(shuō)他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工作很有意義，因?yàn)槟贻p一代可以從古船展覽中了解到他們的祖先在早期發(fā)展階段擁有先進(jìn)的造船技術(shù))”可知，老人說(shuō)這些話表明他認(rèn)為致力于代代傳承這一傳統(tǒng)技藝是有意義的，是值得的。故選D項(xiàng)。（B）語(yǔ)法填空The53-year-oldcraftswomanJiYulan,aninheritoroftheintangibleheritageofpaper-cuttingfromtheXinjiangUygurautonomousregion,___11___(engage)herselfintheartforover40years.Shemadepaper-cutsofpeoplefromother___12___(walk)oflife.“Thepaper-cuttingartcomesfromthefolkanditshouldreturntothepeople,”Jisaid.Shecreated___13___paper-cuttingworknamedTheAngelinHarm’sWaytoshowtheimageofanursewhohasherlonghairbackaftercuttingittobetterfitintotheprotectivesuitwhilefightinginthefrontlineagainsttheepidemic.Jiwas___14___(deep)impressedbythefemalemedicalworkers___15___(wear)masksandprotectivehats.“Womenare___16___(charm)inlonghairandittakesalotofcouragetocutit,”shesaid.Jihas12students,___17___(age)from3to23.“Theydiscoveredtheirinterestinpaper-cuttingandcametome___18___(learn)it,”shesaid,addingthatsheoftenencouragesherstudentstocreateworksbased___19___reality.“Youngergenerationshavearealsenseofculturalheritage,a