過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)

Grammar動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)張靈靈2013.10.25過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊,漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞(theParticipleAdjective),實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞,除表示“完成”的動(dòng)作之外,還表示“被動(dòng)”的意義。如：一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)

spokenEnglish英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)icedbeer冰凍啤酒cookedfood熟食

friedchips炸土豆條但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完成”的動(dòng)作,而不表示“被動(dòng)”意義。如:boiledwater(開水);fallenleaves(落葉)therisensun(升起的太陽(yáng))等。

Thetallmanisa

returned

student．高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。

Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教師。

(1)前置定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式,一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面,作前置定語(yǔ)。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。(=thepeoplewhowereexcited)Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虛度的時(shí)光,無(wú)法挽回。(=timewhichislost)

e.g.Thebooksleftareformystudents．(2)后置定語(yǔ)①少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定語(yǔ)。剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。

②動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面,在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎?Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．這次會(huì)議有很多人出席,開得很成功。

(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)

高考鏈接Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(MET90)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET94)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenA

D

3)TheOlympicgames,_______in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002年全國(guó)春）

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenbought

D.buyingC

B

5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.(2003北京春)A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boringA

Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他顯得很憂慮。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．當(dāng)我們聽到這件事時(shí),被深深地感動(dòng)了。

Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．聽到這個(gè)想法,他似乎很高興。

二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成”或“被動(dòng)”之意,而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：Iwasvery

pleasedatthenews．聽了這消息我很高興。

Hegrewmuch

tiredofthework．他十分厭倦這工作。

Heseemedquite

delightedattheidea.

聽了這想法他似乎很高興。

作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修飾。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.(NEMT2001)A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed高考鏈接C

C

3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海)A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseatingC三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門而人。Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法

動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Peoplefoundthegirlbeatenblackandblue．人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue．(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

(1)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞包括see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,think,suppose,consider等。Wethoughtthegamelost．我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我從未聽過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。Shefeltagreatweighttakenoffhermind．她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。Theyconsideredthemattersettled．他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．他正努力使別人聽懂自己。Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.她用雙手按著臉。(2)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),

這類動(dòng)詞包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。Shehadherhouserepaired．她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?你在哪兒理的發(fā)?

“have+賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：①(請(qǐng)人)把某事做完。Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome．在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的錢包被偷了。②遭遇某種意外情況。Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．我把所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤都改正了。Hehashadonethousandyuansaved

thisyear．他今年已存了1000元。

③完成某事(自己也可能參與)。(3)動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞包括like,want,wish,expect,order等Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting．他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued．學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4)過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,雙手被反綁在后面。Youcanmakeyourself____inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood2.--Thereisaholeinyourbag.--Iknow.I’mgoingtohaveit______.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedPractice

D

C

3.--Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?--Thekey______theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;madeB

4.Englishisalanguage_____allaroundtheworldandisthe_____languageofmostinternationalorganizations.A.tospeak,workingB.spoken,workingC.speaking,workedD.spoken,workedB

5.Hefoundamagazine_____withtheowner’sname_____onthedeskwiththebackcover_____off.A.marking,lying,tornB.marked,lying,tornC.marked,laid,tearingD.marking,laying,tearingA1.Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?(2008福建卷)A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat2.Thetrees____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.(2008湖南卷)A.beingblowndown B.blowndownC.blowingdown D.toblowdown高考鏈接--2008C

B

3.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.(2008江蘇卷)A.speak. B.speakingC.spoken D.tospeak4.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime_____.(2008江西卷)A.allowing B.toallowC.allowed D.allowsC

C

5.Itisoneofthefunniestthings____ontheInternetsofarthisyear.(2008浙江卷)A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.foundD

Answerkeyforexercise2onpage24Weneedanothercopyofthe_____agreement.Heseemed___________bythefailureofhispatent.Shetriedtomakeherself__________whilegivinghertalk.Iwas___________toseeourteam______byaweakerteam.Mymotherappeared______withthelanternsshehadmade.signeddisappointedunderstoodembarrassedbeatenpleasedAnswerkeyforexercise3onpage24Ifyouwanttobeaninventor,youmusthaveaplan________tosolveaparticularproblem.Thisisnotaseasyasitsounds.Manyideas,_________afterweeksofresearch,maynotprovesuccessful.Manyunsuccessfulapproachesare_______,andonlythemostcreativeandsuccessfulonesare_________.designeddevelopedrejectedwelcomedEachidea______byyouwillneedtobe________untilitleadsyouclosertoanewinvent