英語新教材導(dǎo)學(xué)人教必修第一冊(cè)講義Unit4SectionⅦReadingforWriting-概要寫作Word版含答案

SectionⅦReadingforWriting——概要寫作[題型解讀]概要是一篇較長(zhǎng)文章本質(zhì)思想的簡(jiǎn)潔重述，它要求用盡量少的語言對(duì)原文的主旨進(jìn)行復(fù)述。概要不是簡(jiǎn)單的換句話說，更不是評(píng)論，而是作者思想中最基本部分的準(zhǔn)確再現(xiàn)。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]《考試說明》中規(guī)定概要寫作閱卷時(shí)按5個(gè)檔次給分，其中最高檔次第五檔(21-25points)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：1.理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)；2.能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；3.完全使用自己的語言；4.有效使用了語句間的連接成分，使完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。[寫作方法]1.定位——查找核心信息通過閱讀定位語篇的核心信息，包括核心單詞，核心短語和核心句子。(句子為主，以單詞和短語為輔)2.改寫——用自己的語言改寫信息在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行語言表達(dá)形式的改寫，對(duì)原文的語言表達(dá)形式盡可能實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變。改寫過程中，原則上字?jǐn)?shù)不超過原句，不改變?cè)牡倪壿嫿Y(jié)構(gòu)，充分考慮語句壓縮。3.核查——添加關(guān)聯(lián)詞，檢查句子的連貫性核查句子的連貫性。核查標(biāo)點(diǎn)、語法、連接詞及字?jǐn)?shù)，優(yōu)先考慮使用較短的連接詞，如：but，then，later等。寫作技巧如何寫概要寫作？一、題型特點(diǎn)概要寫作的閱讀材料詞數(shù)一般為300左右。寫作要求考生在對(duì)原文閱讀后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇約60詞的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，語義連貫，不得抄寫原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。二、注意事項(xiàng)1.詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右，上下不得超過10個(gè)單詞。2.要根據(jù)文章的體裁特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概要寫作。3.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，但必要時(shí)也可變換成第三人稱。4.寫作時(shí)盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。[典例示范]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。We’vereachedastrange—somewouldsayunusual—point.WhilefightingworldhungercontinuestobethematterofvitalimportanceaccordingtoarecentreportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)，morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweightthanfrombeingunderweight.It’sthegoodlifethat’smorelikelytokillusthesedays.Worse，nearly18millionchildrenundertheageoffivearoundtheworldareestimatedtobeoverweight.What’sgoingon?Wereallydon’thavemanyexcusesforourweightproblems.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001andthemessageisgettingthrough—uptoapoint.Inthe1970s，F(xiàn)inland，forexample，hadthehighestrateofheartdiseaseintheworldandbeingoverweightwasitsmaincause.Notanymore.Apublic-healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades.MaybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinFinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetween2001and2005，anddoctorsevenoffersurgeryofremovingfatinsideandchangetheshapeofthebody.Nowonderitranksastheworld’smostbody-consciouscountry.Weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight—butactuallydoingitisanothermatter.Byfarthemostpopularexcuseisnottakingenoughexercise.Morethanhalfofusadmitwelackwillpower.Othersblamegoodfood.Theysay：it’sjusttooinvitinganditmakesthemovereat.Somealsoblametheirparents—theirgenes.Butunfortunately，theparentsarewrongedbecausethey’renormalinshape，orratherslim.It’sasimilarstoryaroundtheworld，althoughpeoplearerelativelyunlikelytohavetriedtoloseweight.Parentsareeagertoseetheirkidsshapeup.DoasIsay—notasIdo.[解題思路]第一步：定位Part1：1.Morepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweightthanfrombeingunderweight.2.It’sthegoodlifethat’smorelikelytokillusthesedays.Part2：3.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001.4.InFinland，apublic-healthcampaignhasgreatlyreducedthenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades.Part3：5.MaybethatexplainswhythepercentageofpeopleinFinlandtakingdietpillsdoubledbetween2001and2005.6.Weknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight—butactuallydoingitisanothermatter.Part4：7.Othersblamegoodfood.8.It’sasimilarstoryaroundtheworld，althoughpeoplearerelativelyunlikelytohavetriedtoloseweight.第二步：改寫1.要點(diǎn)1和2合并：Goodlifeismorelikelytokillusandmorepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight.改寫：Goodlifebeesthekillerofourhealthandmorepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight.2.要點(diǎn)3和4合并：Peoplehavegraduallyrealizedthedangersofbeingoverweightthroughpublic-healthcampaignssince2001andthenumberofheartdiseasedeathshasbeengreatlyreducedinFinland.改寫：Since2001peoplehavegraduallybeeawareofthedangersofbeingoverweightthroughpublic-healthcampaignsandpeopledyingofheartdiseasehasdroppedinFinland.3.要點(diǎn)5和6合并：Manypeopletookdietpillstoloseweightthoughweknowwhatweshouldbedoingtoloseweight.改寫：Manypeopletooksomenegativemeasurestoloseweightthoughtheyknewwhattheyshouldbedoing.4.要點(diǎn)7和8合并：Peopleshouldstopmakingexcusesandtakepositiveactiontolostweight.改寫：Althoughtherearesomeexcuses，peopleshouldactpositivelytolostweight.第三步：核查Nowadays，goodlifebeesthekillerofourhealthandmorepeoplenowdiefrombeingoverweight.(要點(diǎn)1)Since2001peoplehavegraduallybeeawareofthedangersofbeingoverweightthroughpublic-healthcampaignsandpeopledyin