英語語法之代詞

代詞CONTENTS1人稱代詞2物主代詞3反身代詞4指示代詞5不定代詞6疑問代詞7相互代詞8關(guān)系代詞代詞概述:代詞就是指可以代替名詞的詞,可分為以下幾種名稱代詞人稱代詞主格代詞I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格代詞me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves指示代詞this,that,these,those疑問代詞who,whom,whose,what,which不定代詞some,any，

many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…

相互代詞eachother/oneanother關(guān)系代詞who,whose,whom,that,which.1人稱代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem

___amastudent.我是一名學(xué)生。

____areverykind.你真善良。____isaboy.他是一個男孩。

____isagirl.她是一個女孩。____isadog.它是一只狗。____areChinese.我們是中國人。

____aregoodstudents.他們是好學(xué)生。____aremyfriends.你們是我的朋友。主格IYouHeSheItWeTheyYou1.Everystudentinhisclasslikes______.班上的每一個人都喜歡他。2.Theteachershelp______tostudyEnglish.老師們幫助我們學(xué)英語。3.Thisbookisuseful,Iwanttobuy______.這本書很有用，我想買它。4.Thisgiftisfor______.這份禮物是給你的。5.Myparentslove______.賓格youitushimme

二，三，一(單數(shù)）一，二，三（復(fù)數(shù)）

1.我、你、他、都18歲。2.你們、我們、他們都來自中國。

You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChina

當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨使用或在not后多用賓格.—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me1人稱代詞的排列順序2在簡短對話中注意①第一人稱單數(shù)代詞I（我）無論在什么地方出現(xiàn)都要大寫。②人稱代詞作主語時要用其主格

Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.③動詞后用賓格：Ihelphimandhehelpsme

介詞后用賓格：Jimtakesgoodcareofme1.—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.theyExercise4.MissZhangteaches___math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours5.___likeplayingsoccerwith___.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent.___knewnoneof____.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween____.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8.___allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.UsExercise3、it的特殊用法:①it可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人.1.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.②It也可用來表示天氣、時間、距離等。1.天氣：Howcolditistoday!2.時間：It’sabouteighto’clock.3.距離：It’s200kilometersfromhere.1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.thatExercise③

固定句型1.做某事情對某人來說是…

Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.輪到某人做…

It’sone’sturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的時候了

It’stime(forsb.)todosth.4.據(jù)說…

It’ssaidthat…5.某人花費…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自從…以來，已經(jīng)有…（時間）了。

Itis/hasbeen+時段+since+從句(過去時)7.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/感覺到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoit’s也對！1.Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.goingExercise2物主代詞

單數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisherits

我的你的他的她的它的

名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersits

我的你的他的她的它的

復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱ouryourtheir我們的你們的他們的oursyourstheirs我們的你們的他們的定義：表示所屬關(guān)系的代詞。包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞主格Iyouhesheitwethey賓格meyouhimheritusthem形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsourstheirs物主代詞的用法1.形容詞性物主代詞①Openyoureyes.張開你的眼睛。②Heismyteacher.他是我的老師。

③Itishercat.它是她的貓。④Nobodysawtheirchildren.沒有人見過他們的孩子。

相當(dāng)于形容詞，用在名詞前面。2.名詞性物主代詞①Idon’twantyourbook,Iwanthis.我不想要你的書，我想要他的書。②Therearetwoschoolbags,theredoneismine,theblackoneishers.這里有兩個書包，紅色那個是我的書包，黑色那個是她的書包。③Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一個朋友。相當(dāng)于名詞，后面不再加名詞。1.Itis______book,not______.這是我的書，不是你的。2.Mysisterhasawatch,but______isbetterthan______.我姐姐也有一個手表，但我的比她的好。3.Computersareveryuseful,weuse______for______study.電腦非常有用，我們用它們來幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)。

4.Couldyougivemesomeapplesof______?你能把他們的蘋果給我一些嗎？myyoursminehersthemourtheirsExercise形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞雖都譯成“……的”，物主代詞＝形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”形代加名，名代無名Thisismybook=ThisbookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.ThisisLucy‘scoat，yoursisdifferentfromhersyourcoat物主代詞用法：hercoatmybookmypen1.在“拍、打、拉某人身體的某部分”的句型中，雖譯文有“我的””你的”之意，但英語中都不用物主代詞，而要用the。hitsbin____face，hitsbon_____nose/headtakesbby____hand，catchsbby_____arm，2.名詞性物主代詞與of連用可構(gòu)成名詞所有格。例如：

我的一個朋友afriendof_____

Oneof_____friends

the

theminemy注意：3.物主代詞前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等詞修飾。如不能說themyrighthand。thethe1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,himExercise4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s6.Sheis___Englishteacher.Sheteaches__well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,theyExercise7.Isthis____sister?No,Sheis____sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must___goto___officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring___notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours10.Theredbagis___.___iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him

Exercise3反身代詞反身代詞1.定義：表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myself我自己ourselves我們自己第二人稱yourself你自己yourselves你們自己第三人稱himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己themselves

他們自己第一人稱、第二人稱的反身代詞：形容詞性物主代詞+self/selves第三人稱的反身代詞：人稱代詞賓格+self/selves反身代詞的用法1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩的開心Didyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?2.helponeself(tosth.)隨便吃點什么，后面可接食物

Helpyourselvestosomefruit,children.3.hurtoneself傷著自己

Shedidn’thurtherself.4.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自學(xué)

DidyouteachyourselfEnglish?=DidyoulearnEnglishbyyourself?5.lookafteroneself照顧自己

Icanlookaftermyselfwell,thanks.6.saytooneself自言自語

Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshallIdo?”7.cometooneself蘇醒

Soontheladycametoherself.8.makeoneself+過去分詞，使自己被別人…Shedidherbesttomakeherselfunderstood.9.makeyourselfathome

別客氣，讓自己像在家一樣

Helpyourselftosomefish.Makeyourselfathome.10.loseoneselfin

沉浸于……陶醉于……Theybothlostthemselvesinthebeautifulmusic.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.yourExercise4指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thisthesethat近指遠指thoseTheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.代詞，指theweatherit,one,that的用法區(qū)別為了避免重復(fù)，可以用it,one,that代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。(1)it用來指上文提及的同一個事物或前面提及的情況。it可代替單數(shù)名詞。

Thefoodisdelicious.Ilikeitverymuch.(2)one用以避免重復(fù)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。它既可代替事物，泛指同類事物中的一個，也可以代替人，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。

Mysweaterisveryold.I'llbuyanewone.(3)that用來代替物，不能代替人，它既可以代替可數(shù)名詞，也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those。Theapplesintheboxaredifferentfromthoseonthetable.盒子里的蘋果與桌上的蘋果不同。1.-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.

A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound___noteasytogetonwithhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofJapan.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.Ifound____importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.itsExercise5.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it6.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those7.WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.thatExercise5不定代詞不定代詞：不一定代替哪個名詞的代詞1.-Ihaveanewwatch.

-Ihaveone,too

2.-Ihaveanewwatch

-Iwantit.

同類不同物，不確定同一個東西，確定

不定代詞人稱代詞1.one、ones、some

、any2.many、much3.afew、few和alittle、little4.both、all、either、any、neither、none5.each、every6.other、another、theother、others、theothers考點01one，ones，some，anyone“一個”ones“一些”some

“一些”any“一些”①-Whatsizedoyouwant?-Thesmallones

②-Doyouwantanywater？

-

Iwantsome.必被修飾不可被修飾some一般用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑問句中。提示：some有時也可用于疑問句中，表示勸告，請求或建議。any用于肯定句中，表示“任何一個”①Wouldyoulike

sometea?②MayIaskyousome

questions?③Anychildcansingthissong.someanyany①Thereare______applesonthetable.桌子上有一些蘋果。②Therearen’t_____applesonthetable.桌子上沒有蘋果。③Arethere______applesonthetable?桌子上有一些蘋果嗎？.★

many修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞

*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.★much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞

*Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.02many，muchmanyalotof=lotsofmuch修飾/代替可復(fù)修飾/代替不可_________water_________books_________information_________suggestionsmuchmanymuchmanytoomuch

修飾不可數(shù)名詞,形/副，比較級muchtoo太.......，修飾形容詞或副詞1.Shehasmade_______________mistakes2.Shehaswasted______________time3.Helooks_____________betterthanyesterday.4.Heis___________noisytoomany修飾可數(shù)名詞manytootoomanytoomuchtoomuchmuchtoo03few&little,afew&alittle肯定否定可數(shù)afewfew不可數(shù)alittlelittle有一些幾乎沒有有“a”就夠無“a”不夠當(dāng)前面由only/just修飾，常用afew或alittle.veryfew或verylittle

★Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.FewExerciseGoandbuysomepotatoes!Wehave______.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Youneedn'tbuypotatoes!westillhave____.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew3.Goandbuysomepotatoes!Wehaveonly______.A.alittleB.LittleC.afewD.few4.Thereis______sheeponthehill.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittlealittle表示一只小的.....都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者及以上allanynone04both，all，either，any，neither，none復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)也可解題步驟①2or3②單or復(fù)③句意MyfatherandIwenttothecinema.______ofuswereinterestedinthatfilm.A.bothB.eitherC.neither2.Whichoneofthetwoanswersisright?-____areright.-_____isright.-_______isright,Ineedathirdanswer.BothEitherNeitherExercise3.Therearemanytreeson_______sidesofthestreet.4.Therearemanytreeson_______sideofthestreet,Ifeelsohot.5.Didyourparentsgotothemovies?No,we______stayedathome.6.-Whichonedoyoulikebetter?-Ithink_____arenice.7.-Canyoushowmetheotherbook?-I'msorry,maybe______ofthebooksisusefulforyou.BothallNeitherBothnoneExerciseeitherof兩者之一+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/them/us謂單neitherof兩者都不謂單bothof兩者都謂復(fù)___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;are有關(guān)詞組及用法①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原則neither…nor…兩者都不both…and…兩者都復(fù)數(shù)謂語有關(guān)詞組及用法

ThestudentsareallfromShanghai.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.noExercise①

Ididn’tseeit,___.A.tooB.aswellC.either②

Hecouldn’topenthedoor._______.

A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.Neithercouldn’tI③They__ingoodhealth,

andthey___there.

A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoeseither否定句末“也”neither倒裝句表否定neither+助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+主語both助動詞/be/情態(tài)動詞+bothboth+行為動詞(“小能豆”)each(常與of連用)(“大傻個”)Every（+名詞）兩者中的每一個人或物三者或以上中的每一個人或物everyother…

每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①

Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天來這里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother05each&every06other，theother，others，theothers,anotherotheradj其他的，另外的anotheradj/pron再，又，另外theotheradj/pron另外，其余不可加限定詞所冠物指數(shù)選其一

Tom's

a(n)mythismanythe

yourthatmuchno

限定詞1.Thereisno_______waytodoit.2.Youcanwritewithonehand,andholdthephoneinyour_______hand.3.Mr.Leehasfivechildren,twoareworkers,_________threearestudents.4.Mr.Leehasthreechildren,oneisastudent,_______oneisnurse,and_________oneisapoliceman.othertheotherotheranothertheotherExerciseanother不確定：剩余的局部theother確定：剩余的全部Tom①oneanotherone⑤④③②fiveanotheroneeightanothertwoninetheotheroneonetheotherfive1.Ihave5cats，3ofthemareblack，_______2arewhite.2.Youonlyhavetwochances,nowyouhavetriedone,youcanhave________try.3.Ifyoufail,justhave________try?4.Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and___white.A.theotherB．a(chǎn)notherC.others5.Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme___one.

A.other

B.others

C.another

theotheranothertheotherExercise圖解other系列不定代詞one（一個）theother（另一個）one（一個）another（其余的任一個）one（一個）theothers（其余的全部）some（一些）others（其余的一部分）some（一些）theothers（其余的全部）*Somestudentslikemath,otherslikemusic.1.Idon'tliketheseshoes,wouldyouliketogivemesome__________?2.Don’tgivemypento__________。3.Wegothomeby4o’clock,but_____didn’tgetbackuntil8o’clock.

othersothersothersbody（人）one（人）thing（物）where（副）some(某一個)somebody（某人）someonesomething(某事某物)somewhere某處any（任何一個）anybody（任何人）anyoneanything（任何事/物）anywhere任何地方every（每一個）everybody（每個人，大家）everyoneeverything（每個物/事、一切）everywhere到處no（沒有一個）nobody（無人）noonenothing（沒有物質(zhì)、什么都沒有）nowhere無處1.Everything_______possible.2.Nothing________impossible.3.Everyone________here.4.①甜的東西

②吃的東西③任何紅色的東西④沒什么新鮮的

is復(fù)不定是單三，修飾成分放后邊isissomethingsweetsomethingtoeatanythingrednothingnewIfeltboredtoday,becausethere_______intheclass.A.are;anythingfunnyB.is;nothingfunnyC.are;funnyanythingD.is;funnynothing2.Is_____here?-No,Tomisabsent.A.someoneB.anyoneC.nooneD.everyone3.Is____ok?Tom?-Longtimenosee,I'mok.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingExercisenobody=noone沒人nothingnone沒什么沒有

what------nothingwho--------nobody要啥沒啥就用none1.What’'sinyourbag?------Nothing2.Who'sintheroom?----------Nobody3.Doyouhaveanymoney?--------None4.Givemesomeglue.------None5.Howmanybookshaveyougot?-------None1.Aftertheearthquake,thereis______leftonthestreet.2.Therearesomanytallbuildings,butthereis_______leftaftertheearthquake.3.Wehadtwomennursesinthehospital,butthereis______aftertheretirement.nothingnoneExercisenoneIamhungry,iwant____toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing2.Doyouhave______tosayforyourself?-No,ihave_____tosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothingExercise3.Whynotask____tohelpyou?A.everyoneB.someoneC.anyoneD.none4.Everything______ready,wecanstartnow?A.areB.isC.beD.were5.Thereis________withhiseyes,heisOK.

A.anythingwrongB.somethingwrongC.nothingwrongD.wrongnothingExercise6疑問代詞疑問代詞1.定義：用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的代詞。whowhatwhomwhosewhich1.who(誰)：用來對人提問，通常作主語。Whoareyou?你是誰??？Whoistheboyoverthere?那邊的男孩的是誰？2.whom(誰)：是who的賓格形式，作賓語。WhomisMarytalkingabout?瑪麗在談?wù)撜l??？Whomareyoulookingfor?你在找誰??？3.what（什么）：用來對事或物進行提問。Whatareyoudoing?你在干什么？Whatisthis？這是什么？4.whose（誰的）：用來對所屬關(guān)系進行提問。Whosebookisthis?這是誰的書？Whosecatisit?這是誰的貓？5.which（哪一個）：用來對人、事、物進行提問。Whichbagismorebeautiful?哪一個包跟好看？Whichoneisheavier?哪一個更重？

1.——______isyourname?——I’mMay.2.——______onedoyoulikebest?——Theredone.3.——______i