Unit2Theuniversallanguage高二英語閱讀提升（譯林版2020選擇性）（原卷版）

Unit2TheUniversalLanguageUnit2Theuniversallanguage必備知識核心詞匯pose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tearapart；throwin；consistof；allofasudden；turnout；bewellreceived；streaminto；breakinto核心語法動詞ing形式作主語和賓語語篇海報、電子郵件、簡介等文體的寫作和結構特征表達倒敘，以電子郵件形式選擇得體的語言形式進行有效溝通關鍵能力通過分類理解和記憶詞匯通過音樂陶冶性情，聽英文歌曲提升學習興趣通過圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集與音樂相關的信息學科素養(yǎng)能向同伴口頭介紹自己喜歡的歌手和樂隊運用擬人的修辭手法描述聽音樂的體驗核心價值了解中外音樂領域的基本知識理解和欣賞優(yōu)秀音樂作品發(fā)現(xiàn)并理解音樂作品中所包含的文化元素及其內涵引言解讀Musicgivesinspiration,torise.釋義：音樂給人靈感，給人奮起。啟示：音樂是人類的通用語言，它可以給人們帶來交流溝通的無障礙。中學生是祖國的未來，健全的身心是其全面發(fā)展的前提，民族振興需要德智體美勞的綜合提升。國際通用語言包含音樂及肢體語言的把握至關重要。名句積累1．Musicshouldmakethespiritofthehumansparkburst.音樂應當使人類的精神爆出火花。2．Musicisthesecondlanguageofmankind.音樂是人類的第二語言。3．Musicisthebestchargeronthetrip!音樂是旅途上最好的充電器!4．Musicisamirrorofthesoul,andismercilessmirror.音樂是心靈的鏡子，而且是鐵面無情的鏡子。5．Attheendofthelanguageiswherethemusicesin.語言的盡頭是音樂出現(xiàn)的地方。在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了世界各國的音樂文化。涉及的語篇類型多樣，有海報、電子郵件、雜志文章以及簡介等。本單元的學習，旨在幫助學生深刻認識音樂是一種無國界的語言，是文化的重要組成部分；欣賞音樂可以了解不同文化，增強文化意識。語篇品讀Theearliestformsofmusicwereprobablydrumbased,percussioninstrumentsbeingthemostreadilyavailableatthetime.Thesesimplestofsimpleinstrumentsarethoughttohavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasrepresentationsofanimals.Therewasnonotationorwritingofthiskindof"music"anditssoundscanonlybeextrapolatedfromthemusicofAmericanIndiansandAfricannativeswhostilladheretosomeoftheancientreligiouspractices.Asforthemoreadvancedinstruments,theirevolutionwasslowandsteady.Itisknownthatby4000BCEtheEgyptianshadcreatedharpsandflutes,andby3500BCElyresanddoublereededclarinetshadbeendeveloped.InDenmark,by2500BCEanearlyformofthetrumpethadbeendeveloped.Thistrumpetiswhatisnowknownasa"naturaltrumpet."Itisvalveless,anddependspletelyonmanipulationofthelipstochangepitch.Oneofthemostpopularinstrumentstodaywascreatedin1500BCEbytheHittites.Iamtalkingabouttheguitar.Thiswasagreatstep;theuseoffretstochangethepitchofavibratingstringwouldleadtolaterinstrumentssuchastheviolinandharpsichord.In800BCEthefirstrecoveredpieceofrecordedmusicwasfound.Itwaswrittenincuneiformandwasareligioushymn.Itshouldbenotedthatcuneiformisnotatypeofmusicalnotation.By700BCEtherearerecordsofsongsthatincludevocalswithinstrumentals.Thisaddedawholenewdimensiontomusic:acpaniment.全文翻譯最早的音樂形式可能是以鼓為基礎的，打擊樂器是當時最容易獲得的。這些最簡單的樂器被認為在宗教儀式中被用作動物的象征。這種“音樂”沒有符號或文字，它的聲音只能從美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音樂中推斷出來，他們仍然堅持一些古老的宗教習俗。至于更先進的儀器，它們的發(fā)展緩慢而穩(wěn)定。眾所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已經創(chuàng)造出了豎琴和長笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和雙簧單簧管已經發(fā)展起來。在丹麥，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已經發(fā)展起來。這種小號現(xiàn)在被稱為“天然小號”。它是無瓣的，完全依靠操縱嘴唇來改變音高。今天最流行的樂器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年創(chuàng)造的。我說的是吉他。這是一個偉大的步驟；使用音品來改變振動弦的音高將導致后來的樂器，如小提琴和大鍵琴。公元前800年，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一首復原的錄音音樂。它是用楔形文字寫成的，是一首宗教贊美詩。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一種音樂符號。到公元前700年，已經有了包括人聲和樂器的歌曲記錄。這為音樂增加了一個全新的維度：伴奏。詞塊積累1.percussionn.打擊樂器2.religiousadj.宗教的3.representationn.代表，陳述4.extrapolatev.外推，推斷5.clarinetn.單簧管6.trumpetn.喇叭，小號7.valvelessadj.無閥的8.vibratev.(使)振動語篇品讀China’sstrength,confidenceandhospitalityonfulldisplayat19thAsianGamess://globaltimes/（高考題源報刊）InHangzhou,Chinahas,onceagain,dazzleddomesticandinternationalaudiencesnotonlywithitsfuturisticopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames,itsathletes'spiritofstrivingforexcellenceandChinesepeople'ssolidarityinprovidingasportsfeastforthewholeAsiaandtheworld.ThecountryalsosucceededinusingthefirstmajorsportseventtobehostedonitssoilafterCOVID19restrictionstoshowcaseitsusualopenness,inclusivenessandhospitality.Aglamorousceremony,aswellasthewellorchestratedarrangementfortheGamesalsodemonstratedChina'sstrongculturalconfidence,growingnationalstrengthandtopnotchinnovativecapacity,defyingcohortsofChinasmearingfromWesternmedia,saidexperts.OnthefirstdayoftheAsianGames,Chinagrabbed13goldmedals,outof31onoffer,fromrowing,shooting,modernpentathlon,wushu,andothers.TeamChinabaggedthefirstgoldmedalofthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouinthewomen'slightweightdoublescullsatFuyangWaterSportsCentreonSundaymorning,inlessthan10minutesafterthestartofthefirstmatchday.Sincethe2002AsianGamesheldinBusan,SouthKorea,theChinesedelegationhasclaimedthefirstgoldmedalforsixconsecutiveAsianGamesforover20years.RajaRandhirSingh,actingpresidentoftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA),toldtheGlobalTimesduringanewsconferenceonSundaythatheisextremelyimpressedbytheHangzhouAsianGames,especiallywiththeopeningceremony,thecoordinationbetweentheOCAandtheGamesorganizersandtheavailabletechnologylikethecontactlessIDcards.WhendiscussingSaturdaynight'sopeningceremony,Singhusedthewords"absolutelyphenomenal.""WhatIwouldliketomentionparticularlyissomethingthatisverynewthistime,"hesaid."Normally,youwouldhavetowalkaroundwithyourparticipantcardandscanandwaitforit.ButnotinHangzhou."WithHangzhou'scontactlessparticipantIDcard,allparticipantscanjustwalkthroughanyentrancewithithangingaroundtheneck,hesaid.全文翻譯中國的實力、信心和熱情好客在第19屆亞運會上充分展現(xiàn)在杭州，中國再次讓國內外觀眾眼花繚亂，不僅是第19屆亞運會未來主義的開幕式，中國運動員追求卓越的精神，以及中國人民團結一致為整個亞洲和世界提供體育盛宴的精神。該國還成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其領土上舉辦的第一場大型體育賽事來展示其一貫的開放性、包容性和熱情好客。專家們表示，一場魅力四射的儀式，以及精心安排的奧運會，也展示了中國強大的文化自信、不斷增長的國力和一流的創(chuàng)新能力，無視西方媒體對中國的誹謗。在亞運會的第一天，中國共獲得了賽艇、射擊、現(xiàn)代五項、武術等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一個比賽日開始后不到10分鐘的時間里，中國隊在富陽水上運動中心舉行的女子輕量級雙人雙槳比賽中奪得了杭州第19屆亞運會的首枚金牌。自2002年在韓國釜山舉行的亞運會以來，中國代表團已經連續(xù)六屆奪得首枚金牌，這是20多年來的第一次。亞洲奧林匹克理事會代理主席RajaRandhirSingh在周日的新聞發(fā)布會上告訴《環(huán)球時報》，他對杭州亞運會印象深刻，尤其是開幕式、亞奧理事會與奧運會組織者之間的協(xié)調以及非接觸式身份證等可用技術。在討論周六晚上的開幕式時，辛格使用了“絕對非凡”的字眼。他說：“我想特別提到的是，這一次非常新鮮的事情?！??！巴ǔＧ闆r下，你必須拿著參與者卡四處走動，掃描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他說，有了杭州的非接觸式參與者身份證，所有參與者都可以脖子上掛著身份證穿過任何入口。句式仿寫1.為了取暖，這個水手坐在火堆旁，一只光腳摩擦另一只。2.好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。3.這項研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看待周圍世界的基本環(huán)節(jié)。Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言介紹幾個著名的音樂節(jié)★★★Amusicfestivalisamunityeventmainlyaboutliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithamainidea.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavouritenow!FieldDayJanuary1,2018,SydneyFieldDaymeansNewYear’sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity’soriginal(獨特的)outdoorparty,it’sagatheringoffriendsingtogetherforagreatfunfilledfirstdayoftheyear.There’sanairofhopeandactiveenergyonaperfectsummer’sday.EnvisionFestivalFebruary2126,2018,UvitaTheEnvisionFestivalisanannualeventinCostaRicathatwantstoprovideachancefordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettermunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopractiseart,musicanddanceperformances.Atthesametime,ourconnection(聯(lián)系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.McDowellMountainMusicFestivalMarch24,2018,PhoenixTheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix’smusicalcelebrationofmunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非營利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.OldSettler’sMusicFestivalApril1922,2018,TilmonTheOldSettler’sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler’sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.1．WhichcityshouldyougotoifyouintendtoparticipateinamusicfestivalinJanuary?A．Sydney.B．Uvita.C．Phoenix.D．Tilmon.2．WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?A．Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.B．Itisnotheldtomakemoney.C．Itprovidesachanceforfriendstomeeteachother.D．Itfocusesonculturespread.3．Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?A．FieldDayandEnvisionFestival.B．EnvisionFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalC．OldSettler’sMusicFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.D．EnvisionFestivalandOldSettler’sMusicFestival.Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與交際語言和音樂的關系★★★★Howsimilararelanguageandmusic?Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.4Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.Bothlanguageandmusichaveawritingsystem.InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Similarly,weusenotes(音符)tokeeparecordofmusic.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.5Bywritingpiecesoftextormusic,weareabletoshareexperiencesthroughtime.Wecanreadtheideasorheartheposition(作品)ofsomeonewholivedhundredsofyearsago.6Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.Bothshareemotion.7Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.Similarly,musiccansoundangry,sadorhappy.Musiccanshowyouexactlyhowtheposerwasorisfeeling,andallowsustosharethatemotion.Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.8Ithinkwehaveallusedmusictoexpressorprocessouremotions,oftenbiningitwithlanguageintheformofsonglyrics(歌詞).A．Bothareexpressive.B．Bothvarywithculture.C．HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?D．Weuselanguagetoexpressourthoughts.E．Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.F．SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.G．Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會傳統(tǒng)文化中國傳統(tǒng)樂器三弦及三弦演奏家趙太生★★★★ZhaoTaisheng,theprincipalsanxianplayerintheHongKongChineseOrchestra(HKCO),hasamission9(keep)thetraditionalinstrument,sanxian,aliveand10(devote)hiscareertoperfectinghisskillontheinstrumentandpreservingthisancientartsincehegraduatedfromcollege.MusicianZhaoTaishengcallshisfavoredinstrument—thesanxian,orthreestringedlute—avoiceforhisemotions,avehicleforcharmandhonor,11atickettoaneventfullife.Heregardsthesanxian12animportantpartofChinesefolkmusictradition.Heexplainsthat,intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury,thenumberofstudentsofthesanxian

13(be)similartothatofthosestudyingothertraditionalChinesestringinstrumentssuchasthepipaorguzheng.However,theinstrumentbegantolose14(popular)withtheadoptionofWesternorchestrastyles,whichpreferredsofterharmonies.Infact,thesanxianhas15attractiveappearance:ltisusuallyaround120centimeterslong,andhasthreestringsstretchedoverafingerboard,16allowsforextensiveglissando,ortheglidefromonepitchtoanother.Likemostfolktraditions,itisdifficulttotracetheoriginsofthesanxian.Bysome17(account),itmaydatebacktotheQinDynasty(221207BC).ImagesofsimilarinstrumentscanbefoundinaSouthernSongDynasty(11271279)sculpture,andthecharacters18(literal)mean“threestrings”,firstappearedinaMingDynasty(13681644)text.I.教材語篇梳理fortfoodWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?Whoistheauthor?MainideaofeachparagraphAlice'semailParagraph1:IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLoverslastnight.Paragraph2:ThestoryandmusicofButterflyLoversworkwelltogether.Paragraph3:ButterflyLoversillustrateshowwonderfullyChineseandWestern.Harry'semailParagraph1:Myhostfamilyintroducesmetocountrymusic.Paragraph2:Countrymusichasalonghistory.Paragraph3:CountrymusicsuggestsapeacefulandsimplelifeinruralAmerica.Paragraph4:Youshouldlistentosomecountrymusic.MainideaofthetextThetextisaboutthetwofamousmusicbetweenChinaandwesterncountry.II.課文語法填空Twoexchangestudentsarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Aliceintroducesabeautifulviolinconcerto1.(pose)byHeZhanhaoandChenGang.ItstitleisButterflyLovers,2.canbecalledaChineseversionofRomeoandJuliet.ItbinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements：it3.(play)onWesterninstruments,butmuchofthemusichasits4.(root)inChineseYueOpera.Theunique5.(bine)makesAlicerealizethatmusicisauniversallanguage.Fromthehostfamily，HarryYulearnsalotaboutcountrymusic.It6.(bee)popularinthe7.(south)partofAmericainthe1940sandthenquicklyspread8.thenation.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak.Peoplecanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenthemselves9.themusicians，andthesimpletunesofthemusicareoftenvery10.(suggest)ofcountrysidesurroundings.閱讀微技能1.Infertheunknown推斷未知Basedontheknownandinferringtheunknown,thecorrectchoicewilldefinitelyfindabasisorreasonintheoriginaltext2.Avoidsubjectiveassumptions不要主觀臆斷Avoidsubjectiveassumptionsandreplacetheauthor'sviewpointwithone'sownideas;Avoidexcessiveinference,avoidartificiallyplicatingtheproblem,andmakemultistepinference.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與飲食飲食的改變產生新的語音★★★★★（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結構),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.2．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.3．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會藝術音樂對身體的好處★★★閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·北京卷閱讀理解七選五）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．5Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．6However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．7Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．8Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．9Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A．Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B．Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C．Thisideaisalittleoffthewallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D．Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E．Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive．F．Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G．Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會生活與學習克服恐懼單簧管演奏★★★★★(2022天津卷)WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(單簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone10.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedtofallbehind.Oneday,whenmyteachertoldustoplayinfrontoftheotherstudents,Iwasfilledwithfear.IknewIwould11.WhenIbegantoplay,myrhythms(節(jié)奏)weregood,butmytonewasanother12.“Didyoupracticeyourlesson?”theteacherbarkedatme.Ifeltso13andmyworldcame14downinaninstant.Fromthenon,IhatedplayingtheclarinetandIkeptgetting15.Withthedayofthenewperformanceapproaching,I