機(jī)電一體化畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

PLC1.AboutProgrammableLogicControllers(PLCs)PLCs(programmablelogiccontrollers)arethecontrolhubsforawidevarietyofautomatedsystemsandprocesses.Theycontainmultipleinputsandoutputsthatusetransistorsandothercircuitrytosimulateswitchesandrelaystocontrolequipment.Theyareprogrammableviasoftwareinterfacedviastandardcomputerinterfacesandproprietarylanguagesandnetworkoptions.

ProgrammablelogiccontrollersI/Ochannelspecificationsincludetotalnumberofpoints,numberofinputsandoutputs,abilitytoexpand,andmaximumnumberofchannels.

Numberofpointsisthesumoftheinputsandtheoutputs.PLCsmaybespecifiedbyanypossiblecombinationofthesevalues.

Expandableunitsmaybestackedorlinkedtogethertoincreasetotalcontrolcapacity.

Maximumnumberofchannelsreferstothemaximumtotalnumberofinputandoutputchannelsinanexpandedsystem.

PLCsystemspecificationstoconsiderincludescantime,numberofinstructions,datamemory,andprogrammemory.

ScantimeisthetimerequiredbythePLCtocheckthestatesofitsinputsandoutputs.

Instructionsarestandardoperations(suchasmathfunctions)availabletoPLCsoftware.

Datamemoryisthecapacityfordatastorage.

Programmemoryisthecapacityforcontrolsoftware.

AvailableinputsforprogrammablelogiccontrollersincludeDC,AC,analog,thermocouple,RTD,frequencyorpulse,transistor,andinterruptinputs.

OutputsforPLCsincludeDC,AC,relay,analog,frequencyorpulse,ProgrammingoptionsforPLCsincludefrontpanel,handheld,andcomputer.

Programmablelogiccontrollersuseavarietyofsoftwareprogramminglanguagesforcontrol.

TheseincludeIEC61131-3,sequentialfunctionchart(SFC),functionblockdiagram(FBD),ladderdiagram(LD),structuredtext(ST),instructionlist(IL),relayladderlogic(RLL),flowchart,C,andBasic.

TheIEC61131-3programmingenvironmentprovidessupportforfivelanguagesspecifiedbytheglobalstandard:SequentialFunctionChart,FunctionBlockDiagram,LadderDiagram,StructuredText,andInstructionList.Thisallowsformulti-vendorcompatibilityandmulti-languageprogramming.

SFCisagraphicallanguagethatprovidescoordinationofprogramsequences,supportingalternativesequenceselectionsandparallelsequences.

FBDusesabroadfunctionlibrarytobuildcomplexproceduresinagraphicalformat.Standardmathandlogicfunctionsmaybecoordinatedwithcustomizablecommunicationandinterfacefunctions.

LDisagraphiclanguagefordiscretecontrolandinterlockinglogic.ItiscompletelycompatiblewithFBDfordiscretefunctioncontrol.

STisatextlanguageusedforcomplexmathematicalproceduresandcalculationslesswellsuitedtographicallanguages.

ILisalow-levellanguagesimilartoassemblycode.Itisusedinrelativelysimplelogicinstructions.

RelayLadderLogic(RLL),orladderdiagrams,istheprimaryprogramminglanguageforprogrammablelogiccontrollers(PLCs).Ladderlogicprogrammingisagraphicalrepresentationoftheprogramdesignedtolooklikerelaylogic.

FlowChartisagraphicallanguagethatdescribessequentialoperationsinacontrollersequenceorapplication.Itisusedtobuildmodular,reusablefunctionlibraries.

Cisahighlevelprogramminglanguagesuitedtohandlethemostcomplexcomputation,sequential,anddataloggingtasks.ItistypicallydevelopedanddebuggedonaPC.

BASICisahighlevellanguageusedtohandlemathematical,sequential,datacapturingandinterfacefunctions.

Programmablelogiccontrollerscanalsobespecifiedwithanumberofcomputerinterfaceoptions,networkspecificationsandfeatures.

PLCpoweroptions,mountingoptionsandenvironmentaloperatingconditionsareallalsoimportanttoconsider.2.PLChardwarePLChardwaremainlyhasthecentralprocessingunit(CPU),memory,inputunit,outputunit,thecommunicationinterface,expansioninterfacepowercomponents.Amongthem,theCPUisthecore,inputunitofPLCwithoutputunitisconnectedsiteinput/outputdevicestotheCPU,interfacecircuitbetweenthecommunicationinterfaceusedwithprogrammer,connectingperipheralssuchasthePC.2.1Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)Thesamesortofmicrocomputerissame,theCPUisthecoreofPLC.PLCdeployedbytheCPUindifferentanddifferent,withmodelsusedintothreecategories:generalmicroprocessor(suchas8086,Z80,80286,etc.),singlechipmicroprocessor(suchas8031,etc)andapiece8096microprocessors(suchasAMD29W,etc.).SmallPLCisusedmostlyeightgeneralmicroprocessorandsinglechipmicroprocessor;MediumPLCisusedmostly16generalmicroprocessororsinglechipmicroprocessor;LargePLCmostlybyusinghigh-speedapiecemicroprocessors.2.2memoryMemorybasicallyhastwokinds:onekindisread/writeoperationofrandomaccessmemoryRAM,anotherkindisreadonlymemory(ROM,PROM,anEPROMandEEPROM.InPLC,memoryismainlyusedforstoragesystemprogramming,theuserprogramandjobdata.SystemprogrammingiswrittenbyPLCmanufacturer,andPLChardwarerelated,completesystemdiagnosis,commandinterpretation,functionsubroutinecalling,management,logicoperations,communicationsandvariousparameters,andotherfunctions,providePLCoperationplatform.Systemprogrammingrelatedtotheperformance,butalsoinPLCPLCinuseprocessfluctuant,soisnotdirectlybymanufacturerinread-onlymemoryROM,curingPROMoranEPROM,userscan'taccessandmodification.TheuserprogramwithPLCcontrolobjectisdeterminedbyusers,accordingtotheobjectofproductionprocesscontrolrequirementsandprepareapplication.Inordertofacilitateread,checkandmodification,theuserprogramgenerallyexistinCMOSstaticRAM,useoflithiumbatteryasbackuppower,toensureoffwhenpowerisnotlostinformation.InordertopreventinterferenceinthedestructionofRAM,whentheuserprogramafteroperatingnormally,notprogram,butwillneedtochangeitscurableinread-onlymemoryanEPROM.NowtherearemanyPLCdirectlyusedasauserEEPROMmemory.2.3Input/outputunitInput/outputunitusuallyalsosayI/OunitoranI/Omodules,PLCandindustrialproductionsiteistheconnectionbetweenthecomponents.PLCviainputinterfacecandetectvariouscontrolledobjectdatatothesedatatobecontrolledobjectasPLCtocontrolthebasis;MeanwhilePLCandthroughtheoutputinterfacewilldealwiththeresultsgavecontrolledobject,inordertorealizethecontrolpurpose.Duetoexternalinputdevice,andoutputequipmentrequiredthesignallevelisvaried,andinternalCPUprocessingofPLCinformationisonlystandardlevel,soI/Ointerfacetorealizetheconversion.TheI/Ointerfacegenerallyhavephotoelectricisolationandfilterfunction,inordertoimprovethePLCanti-jammingability.Inaddition,I/Ointerfaceusuallyastateinstructions,workingcondition,intuitive,andeasytomaintain.PLCoffersavarietyofoperationlevelanddriveabilityofI/Ointerface,therearevariousfunctionsofI/Ointerfaceforcustomerstochoose.TheI/Ointerfaceisthemaintypeof:thedigitalquantity(theswitchquantity)input,thedigitalquantity(theswitchquantity)output,analogueinputs,analogoutput,etc.2.4CommunicationinterfacePLCwithvariouscommunicationinterface,thecommunicationinterfacewithcommunicationsprocessorcommonly.PLCthroughthesecommunicationinterfacecanandmonitors,printers,andotherPLC,computersandotherdevicescommunicate.PLCandprinterconnections,butwillprocessinformation,systemparameters,suchasoutputprint;Andmonitorconnection,butwillcontrolprocessimagedisplay;ConnectwithotherPLC,canformamultiplemachinesystemornetwork,realizethemoremassivejoinedcontrol.Andcomputerconnections,canformamultistagedistributedcontrolsystem,therealizationcontrolandmanagementcombined.RemoteI/Osystemmustalsoequippedwithcorrespondingcommunicationinterfacemodule.2.5.IntelligenceinterfacemoduleIntelligentinterfacemoduleisanindependentcomputersystem,ithasitsownCPU,systemprogram,storageandPLCsystembusconnectedinterface.Itasamodule,PLCsystembybusandPLCislinkedtogether,exchangedata,andthecoordinatedmanagementinPLCunderworkindependently.PLCintelligentinterfacemoduleisalotofmotion,suchas:high-speedcountingmodule,closed-loopcontrolmodule,motioncontrolmodule,interruptcontrolmodule,etc.2.6.ProgrammingdeviceProgrammingdevice'sroleistoedit,commissioning,inputuserprogram,andalsocanbeonlinemonitoringPLCinternalstateandparameters,andPLCman-machinedialogue.Itisthedevelopment,applicationandmaintenancePLCindispensabletools.Programmingdevicecanbespecialprogrammer,alsocanbeequippedwithaspecialprogrammingpackagesgeneralcomputersystem.SpecialprogrammerisbyPLCspecializesinthisfactory,somemanufacturersusePLC,anditmainlyconsistsofproductkeyboard,adisplayandexternalstorageetc.Parts.PickupsocketSpecialprogrammingimplementhavesimpleprogrammerandintelligentprogrammertwokinds.Simpletypeprogrammercanonlyonlineprogramming,andcannotdirectlyenterandeditladder-diagramprogram,shouldbeladder-diagramprogramintoinstructiontableprogramcaninput.Simpleprogrammersmallvolume,pricecheap,itcandirectlyinterpolatedinPLCprogrammingsocket,orusespecialcablesandPLCislinkedtogether,tofacilitatetheprogramminganddebugging.Somesimpleprogrammingdeviceusedtowithstoragebox,storetheuserprogram,suchasmitsubishiFX-20P-Esimpleprogrammingdevice.2.7.PowerPLCisequippedwithswitchpower,forinternalcircuituse.Comparedwithordinarypower,PLCpowergoodstability,stronganti-jammingcapability.Thepowersupplyprovidedforgridstabilityrequirementisnothigh,averageallowedinthepowersupplyvoltageratingtherangeoftheplusorminus15%.ManyPLCalsoprovideoutward,usedindc24Vexternalsensorpowersupply.2.8.OtherexternalequipmentInadditiontotheabovementionedcomponentsandequipmentoutside,PLCandmanyexternaldevices,suchasanEPROMwritingimplement,externalstorage,man/machineinterfacedeviceetc.AnEPROMwritingimplementuserprogramcanbeusedtocuretoanEPROMmemoryofaPLCexternalequipment.InordertomakethedebugginggooduserprogramwithanEPROMnoteasilylost,oftenwrittenwithintheRAMsavetoanEPROMPLC.3.INTRODUCTIONForsimpleprogrammingtherelaymodelofthePLCissufficient.AsmorecomplexfunctionsareusedthemorecomplexVonNeumanmodelofthePLCmustbeused.AVonNeumancomputerprocessesoneinstructionatatime.Mostcomputersoperatethisway,althoughtheyappeartobedoingmanythingsatonce.Inputisobtainedfromthekeyboardandmouse,outputissenttothescreen,andthediskandmemoryareusedforbothinputandoutputforstorage.(Note:thedirectionsofthesearrowsareveryimportanttoengineers,alwayspayattentiontoindicatewhereinformationisflowing.)Inthisfigurethedataenterstheleftsidethroughtheinputs.(Note:mostengineeringdiagramshaveinputsontheleftandoutputsontheright.)IttravelsthroughbufferingcircuitsbeforeitenterstheCPU.TheCPUoutputsdatathroughothercircuits.Memoryanddisksareusedforstorageofdatathatisnotdestinedforoutput.Ifwelookatapersonalcomputerasacontroller,itiscontrollingtheuserbyoutputtingstimulionthescreen,andinputtingresponsesfromthemouseandthekeyboard.4.OPERATIONSEQUENCEAllPLCshavefourbasicstagesofoperationsthatarerepeatedmanytimespersecond.Initiallywhenturnedonthefirsttimeitwillcheckit’sownhardwareandsoftwareforfaults.Iftherearenoproblemsitwillcopyalltheinputandcopytheirvaluesintomemory,thisiscalledtheinputscan.Usingonlythememorycopyoftheinputstheladderlogicprogramwillbesolvedonce,thisiscalledthelogicscan.Whilesolvingtheladderlogictheoutputvaluesareonlychangedintemporarymemory.Whentheladderscanisdonetheoutputswillbeupdatedusingthetemporaryvaluesinmemory,thisiscalledtheoutputscan.ThePLCnowrestartstheprocessbystartingaselfcheckforfaults.Thisprocesstypicallyrepeats10to100timespersecondasisshowninFigure3.SELFTEST-Checkstoseeifallcardserrorfree,resetwatch-dogtimer,etc.(Awatchdogtimerwillcauseanerror,andshutdownthePLCifnotresetwithinashortperiodoftime-thiswouldindicatethattheladderlogicisnotbeingscannednormally).INPUTSCAN-Readsinputvaluesfromthechipsintheinputcards,andcopiestheirvaluestomemory.ThismakesthePLCoperationfaster,andavoidscaseswhereaninputchangesfromthestarttotheendoftheprogram(e.g.,anemergencystop).TherearespecialPLCfunctionsthatreadtheinputsdirectly,andavoidtheinputtables.LOGICSOLVE/SCAN-Basedontheinputtableinmemory,theprogramisexecuted1stepatatime,andoutputsareupdated.Thisisthefocusofthelatersections.OUTPUTSCAN-Theoutputtableiscopiedfrommemorytotheoutputchips.Thesechipsthendrivetheoutputdevices.Theinputandoutputscansoftenconfusethebeginner,buttheyareimportant.Theinputscantakesasnapshotoftheinputs,andsolvesthelogic.Thispreventspotentialproblemsthatmightoccurifaninputthatisusedinmultipleplacesintheladderlogicprogramchangedwhilehalfwaythroughaladderscan.Thuschangingthebehaviorsofhalfoftheladderlogicprogram.Thisproblemcouldhavesevereeffectsoncomplexprogramsthataredevelopedlaterinthebook.Onesideeffectoftheinputscanisthatifachangeininputistooshortinduration,itmightfallbetweeninputscansandbemissed.WhenthePLCisinitiallyturnedonthenormaloutputswillbeturnedoff.Thisdoesnotaffectthevaluesoftheinputs.4.1TheInputandOutputScansWhentheinputstothePLCarescannedthephysicalinputvaluesarecopiedintomemory.WhentheoutputstoaPLCarescannedtheyarecopiedfrommemorytothephysicaloutputs.Whentheladderlogicisscanneditusesthevaluesinmemory,nottheactualinputoroutputvalues.Theprimaryreasonfordoingthisissothatifaprogramusesaninputvalueinmultipleplaces,achangeintheinputvaluewillnotinvalidatethelogic.Also,ifoutputbitswerechangedaseachbitwaschanged,insteadofallatonceattheendofthescanthePLCwouldoperatemuchslower.4.2TheLogicScanLadderlogicprogramsareafterrelaylogic.Inrelaylogiceachelementintheladderwillswitchasquicklyaspossible.Butinaprogramelementscanonlybeexaminesoneatatimeinafixedsequence.ConsidertheladderlogicinFigure4,theladderlogicwillbeinterpretedleft-to-right,top-to-bottom.Inthefiguretheladderlogicscanbeginsatthetoprung.Attheendoftherungitinterpretsthetopoutputfirst,thentheoutputbranchedbelowit.Onthesecondrungitsolvesbranches,beforemovingalongtheladderlogicrung.LadderLogicExecutionSequenceThelogicscansequencebecomeimportantwhensolvingladderlogicprogramswhichuseoutputsasinputs.Italsobecomesimportantwhenconsideringoutputusage.ConsiderFigure5,thefirstlineofladderlogicwillexamineinputAandsetoutputXtohavethesamevalue.ThesecondlinewillexamineinputBandsettheoutputXtohavetheoppositevalue.SothevalueofXwasonlyequaltoAuntilthesecondlineofladderlogicwasscanned.Recallthatduringthelogicscantheoutputsareonlychangedinmemory,theactualoutputsareonlyupdatedwhentheladderlogicscaniscomplete.Thereforetheoutputscanwouldupdatetherealoutputsbaseduponthesecondlineofladderlogic,andthefirstlineofladderlogicwouldbeineffective.ADuplicatedOutputErrorPLC1．PLC介紹PLCS（可編程邏輯控制器）是用于多個(gè)自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)和過程的可控網(wǎng)絡(luò)集線器。他們包含多個(gè)輸入輸出，輸入輸出是用晶體管和其它電路，模擬開關(guān)和繼電器來控制設(shè)備的。PLCS用軟件接口，原則計(jì)算器接口，專門的語言和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備編程?？删幊踢壿嬁刂破鱅/O通道規(guī)則涉及全部的輸入觸點(diǎn)和輸出觸點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)展能力和最大數(shù)量的通道。觸點(diǎn)數(shù)量是輸入點(diǎn)和輸出點(diǎn)的總和。PLCS能夠指定這些值的任何可能的組合。擴(kuò)展單元能夠被堆棧或互相連接來增加總的控制能力。最大數(shù)量的通道是在一種擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)中輸入和輸出通道的最大總數(shù)量。PLC系統(tǒng)規(guī)則涉及掃描時(shí)間，指令數(shù)量，數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和程序存儲(chǔ)。掃描時(shí)間是PLC需要的用來檢測(cè)輸入輸出模塊的時(shí)間。指令是用于PLC軟件（例如數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算）的原則操作。數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)是存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的能力。程序存儲(chǔ)是控制軟件的能力。用于可編程邏輯控制器的輸入設(shè)備涉及DC，AC，中間繼電器，熱電偶，RTD，頻率或脈沖，晶體管和中斷信號(hào)輸入；輸出設(shè)備涉及DC，AC，繼電器，中間繼電器，頻率或脈沖，晶體管，三端雙向可控硅開關(guān)元件；PLC的編程設(shè)備涉及控制面板，手柄和計(jì)算機(jī)?？删幊踢壿嬁刂破饔枚鄠€(gè)軟件編程語言來控制。這些語言涉及IEC61131-3，次序執(zhí)行表（SFC），動(dòng)作方塊圖（FBD），梯形圖（LD），構(gòu)造文本（ST），指令序列（IL），繼電器梯形圖（RIL），流程圖，C語言和Basic語言。IEC61131-3編程環(huán)境能支持五種語言，用國際原則加以規(guī)范，分別為SFC，F(xiàn)BD，LD，ST和IL。這便允許了多賣主兼容性和多個(gè)語言編程。SFC是一種圖表語言，它提供了編程次序的配合，就能支持次序選擇和并列選擇，兩者擇其一即可。FBD用一種大的運(yùn)行庫，以圖表形式建立了某些復(fù)雜的過程。原則數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯運(yùn)行能夠與顧客交流和接口運(yùn)行相結(jié)合。LD是合用于離散控制和互鎖邏輯的圖表語言。它在離散控制上與FBD是完全兼容的。ST是一種文本語言，用于復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)過程和計(jì)算，不太合用于圖表語言。IL是與組合編碼相似的低檔語言。它用在相對(duì)比較簡樸的邏輯指令。繼電器梯形圖或梯形圖是合用于可編程邏輯控制器的重要的編程語言。梯形圖編程是設(shè)計(jì)成繼電器邏輯程序的圖表表達(dá)法。流程圖是一種圖表語言，用于在一種控制器或應(yīng)用軟件中描述次序操作，它用于建立有原則組件的可循環(huán)使用的運(yùn)行庫。C語言是一種高級(jí)編程語言，合用于解決最復(fù)雜的計(jì)算，持續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)采集任務(wù)。它典型地在PC機(jī)上運(yùn)行調(diào)試。BASIC語言是用于解決數(shù)據(jù)的持續(xù)的數(shù)字采集和接口運(yùn)行的高級(jí)語言。可編程邏輯控制器也規(guī)范了許多計(jì)算機(jī)接口設(shè)備，網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)則和特色。PLC能源設(shè)備和運(yùn)行環(huán)境也是非常重要的。2、PLC硬件PLC的硬件重要有中央解決器（CPU）、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入單元、輸出單元、通信接口、擴(kuò)展接口電源等部分構(gòu)成。其中，CPU是PLC的核心，輸入單元與輸出單元是連接現(xiàn)場輸入/輸出設(shè)備與CPU之間的接口電路，通信接口用于與編程器、上位計(jì)算機(jī)等外設(shè)連接。2、1．中央解決單元（CPU）

同普通的微機(jī)同樣，CPU是PLC的核心。PLC中所配備的CPU隨機(jī)型不同而不同，慣用有三類：通用微解決器（如Z80、8086、80286等）、單片微解決器（如8031、8096等）和位片式微解決器(如AMD29W等)。小型PLC大多采用8位通用微解決器和單片微解決器；中型PLC大多采用16位通用微解決器或單片微解決器；大型PLC大多采用高速位片式微解決器。2、2．存儲(chǔ)器

存儲(chǔ)器重要有兩種：一種是可讀/寫操作的隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器RAM，另一種是只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、PROM、EPROM和EEPROM。在PLC中，存儲(chǔ)器重要用于寄存系統(tǒng)程序、顧客程序及工作數(shù)據(jù)。系統(tǒng)程序是由PLC的制造廠家編寫的，和PLC的硬件構(gòu)成有關(guān)，完畢系統(tǒng)診療、命令解釋、功效子程序調(diào)用管理、邏輯運(yùn)算、通信及多個(gè)參數(shù)設(shè)定等功效，提供PLC運(yùn)行的平臺(tái)。系統(tǒng)程序關(guān)系到PLC的性能，并且在PLC使用過程中不會(huì)變動(dòng)，因此是由制造廠家直接固化在只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、PROM或EPROM中，顧客不能訪問和修改。

顧客程序是隨PLC的控制對(duì)象而定的，由顧客根據(jù)對(duì)象生產(chǎn)工藝的控制規(guī)定而編制的應(yīng)用程序。為了便于讀出、檢查和修改，顧客程序普通存于CMOS靜態(tài)RAM中，用鋰電池作為后備電源，以確保掉電時(shí)不會(huì)丟失信息。為了避免干擾對(duì)RAM中程序的破壞，當(dāng)顧客程序通過運(yùn)行正常，不需要變化，可將其固化在只讀存儲(chǔ)器EPROM中?，F(xiàn)在有許多PLC直接采用EEPROM作為顧客存儲(chǔ)器。2、3．輸入/輸出單元

輸入/輸出單元普通也稱I/O單元或I/O模塊，是PLC與工業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場之間的連接部件。PLC通過輸入接口能夠檢測(cè)被控對(duì)象的多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，以這些數(shù)據(jù)作為PLC對(duì)被控制對(duì)象進(jìn)行控制的根據(jù)；同時(shí)PLC又通過輸出接口將解決成果送給被控制對(duì)象，以實(shí)現(xiàn)控制目的。由于外部輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備所需的信號(hào)電平是多個(gè)多樣的，而PLC內(nèi)部CPU的解決的信息只能是原則電平，因此I/O接口要實(shí)現(xiàn)這種轉(zhuǎn)換。I/O接口普通都含有光電隔離和濾波功效，以提高PLC的抗干擾能力。另外，I/O接口上普通尚有狀態(tài)批示，工作狀況直觀，便于維護(hù)。PLC提供了多個(gè)操作電平和驅(qū)動(dòng)能力的I/O接口，有多個(gè)各樣功效的I/O接口供顧客選用。I/O接口的重要類型有：數(shù)字量（開關(guān)量）輸入、數(shù)字量（開關(guān)量）輸出、模擬量輸入、模擬量輸出等。2、4．通信接口

PLC配有多個(gè)通信接口，這些通信接口普通都帶有通信解決器。PLC通過這些通信接口可與監(jiān)視器、打印機(jī)、其它PLC、計(jì)算機(jī)等設(shè)備實(shí)現(xiàn)通信。PLC與打印機(jī)連接，可將過程信息、系統(tǒng)參數(shù)等輸出打印；與監(jiān)視器連接，可將控制過程圖像顯示出來；與其它PLC連接，可構(gòu)成多機(jī)系統(tǒng)或連成網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)現(xiàn)更大規(guī)?？刂啤Ｅc計(jì)算機(jī)連接，可構(gòu)成多級(jí)分布式控制系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)控制與管理相結(jié)合。遠(yuǎn)程I/O系統(tǒng)也必須配備對(duì)應(yīng)的通信接口模塊。2、5．智能接口模塊智能接口模塊是一獨(dú)立的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，它有自己的CPU、系統(tǒng)程序、存儲(chǔ)器以及與PLC系統(tǒng)總線相連的接口。它作為PLC系統(tǒng)的一種模塊，通過總線與PLC相連，進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換，并在PLC的協(xié)調(diào)管理下獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行工作。PLC的智能接口模塊種類諸多，如：高速計(jì)數(shù)模塊、閉環(huán)控制模塊、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制模塊、中斷控制模塊等。2、6．編程裝置編程裝置的作用是編輯、調(diào)試、輸入顧客程序，也可在線監(jiān)控PLC內(nèi)部狀態(tài)和參數(shù)，與PLC進(jìn)行人機(jī)對(duì)話。它是開發(fā)、應(yīng)用、維護(hù)PLC不可缺少的工具。編程裝置能夠是專用編程器，也能夠是配