加州法律中對(duì)圖書館的規(guī)定舉例

美國(guó)公共圖書館的法律,法規(guī),

及戰(zhàn)略方案

AmericanLibrariesinPlanningandAction:

LegalAspectsofLibraryPractice&LibraryStrategicPlanning

LianaZhou,DirectorofLibraryandArchives,TheKinseyInstitute,IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,IN47405.U.S.A.

Publiclibrary:TheheartofacommunityOverview:美國(guó)公共圖書館作為效勞于公共群眾的公共機(jī)構(gòu),必須遵守聯(lián)邦,州,和地方的法律法規(guī).比方，保護(hù)殘疾人法案，版權(quán)法，和保護(hù)圖書館個(gè)人隱私的法律。USpubliclibraries,aspublicinstitutions,mustcomplywithvariousfederalandstatelawssuchasAmericanwithDisabilityAct,Copyrightlaws,andlawsthatprotectingprivacy.美國(guó)公共圖書館的方針政策就是建立在一系列的法律法規(guī)的大范圍里,在各州法律中對(duì)州、市等各級(jí)地方圖書館給予了規(guī)定。具體的圖書館的藏書和效勞的運(yùn)作，也有法律的滲透。比方：美國(guó)公共圖書館是否能接受私人的饋贈(zèng)，如何讓每個(gè)團(tuán)體有同等的參與時(shí)機(jī),2023/10/19LibrariesandLawsintheUS(IMLSProject:ThinkGloballyActGlobally)6聯(lián)邦法中對(duì)圖書館的規(guī)定

LibrariesinU.S.Code在美國(guó)法典中：在教育篇下(Under20USC,Education,Sec.9122)，對(duì)圖書館和圖書館聯(lián)合體進(jìn)行了定義；對(duì)州立圖書館在為本州從聯(lián)邦取得基金資助中的作用和要求給予了規(guī)定；對(duì)博物館和圖書館效勞委員會(huì)的成立，目的，任命，職責(zé)等進(jìn)行了具體規(guī)定。在版權(quán)法中(Under17USC,Sec.108:Limitationsonexclusiverights:Reproductionbylibrariesandarchives)，對(duì)圖書館等給予了特殊使用受版權(quán)保護(hù)資源的權(quán)限。在電子技術(shù)普遍效勞中(Under47USC:Sec.254:UniversalService)，對(duì)通信手段和設(shè)備的提供和資助中，有關(guān)對(duì)公共圖書館的支持和要求，如，設(shè)立計(jì)算機(jī)平安措施，防止用戶計(jì)算機(jī)看到猥褻、淫穢的圖象，兒童色情、或?qū)和泻Φ漠嬅妗?USC:〕2023/10/19LibrariesandLawsintheUS(IMLSProject:ThinkGloballyActGlobally)7

加州法律中對(duì)圖書館的規(guī)定(舉例〕

LibrariesinCALaws(Excerpt)對(duì)圖書館類型的定義，其中包括：學(xué)術(shù)圖書館，公共圖書館，學(xué)校圖書館，特殊圖書館(Definitionofacademic,public,schoolandspeciallibraries)效勞對(duì)象：為所有用戶效勞，包括殘疾人，不講英語(yǔ)者，不便出行的人，遙遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的人，或是經(jīng)濟(jì)貧困戶。(Servingdiverseneedsofallofitsprimaryclientele,includingpeoplewithdisabilities,non-English-speakingandlimited-English-speakingpersons,thosewhoareconfinedtohomeoraninstitution,

圖書館獲得資助，不允許有任何類似附加條件，如，收集、使用或排斥某特定書刊、電影、記錄、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、照片、或其他形式的資源。

(LibraryofCAAct.:18802:(c)Torequirethatnolibrary,asaconditionforreceivingfundsorservicesunderthischapter,acquire,provideaccessto,orexcludeanyspecificbook,periodical,film,recording,database,picture,orothermaterialormedium…)2023/10/19LibrariesandLawsintheUS(IMLSProject:ThinkGloballyActGlobally)8

為殘疾人效勞(舉例)ServingPeoplewithDisabilities–Example(1)無(wú)障礙環(huán)境選擇專為視力和聽力有障礙的用戶效勞的資源專用聽、讀設(shè)備遞送效勞盲文/發(fā)聲圖書新聞?dòng)嘘P(guān)網(wǎng)頁(yè)資料與查詢目錄大字書及真正簡(jiǎn)易聚合信息效勞〔RSS〕音頻書帶字幕視頻資料有解說(shuō)的視頻資料無(wú)圖象目錄(:///services/access.html)

Copyrights/版權(quán)法

復(fù)制、拷貝要遵照美國(guó)法典第17章版權(quán)法。其中一個(gè)指定的條件是，拷貝或復(fù)制的目的不能“用于超出個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)術(shù)研究。〞如果用戶事后要用拷貝或復(fù)制品超出“公平使用〞的范疇，他將要承擔(dān)違犯版權(quán)法的責(zé)任。本圖書館保存拒絕接受拷貝或復(fù)制的權(quán)力，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)這種復(fù)制或拷貝將違犯版權(quán)法。五法那么：在一年里，對(duì)過(guò)去五年中出版的任何雜志，只能從中復(fù)制/拷貝5篇文章。

PUBLICLIBRARYOFNASHVILLEANDDAVIDSONCOUNTY

DONORAGREEMENTDEEDOFGIFT(examples)

Thedonornamedbelowdeclaresthathe/shedoeshavetheauthoritytoanddoesvoluntarilydonatethematerialsdescribedbelowinthisdeedofgifttothePublicLibraryBoardoftheMetropolitanGovernmentofNashvilleandDavidsonCounty(“Library〞).Itisunderstoodthatthepurposeandintentofthisgiftistotransferandassignallrights,titleandinterestinthisgift.Copyright/IntellectualPropertyRightsDeclarationThedonordeclaresthefollowingregardingtheintellectualpropertycomponentofthegift:()IknowthatIownthecopyrightandotherintellectualpropertyrightsforthisgiftanddointendtotransferthiscopyrightandotherintellectualpropertyrightstotheNashvillePublicLibrary;()IknowthatIownthecopyrightandotherintellectualpropertyrightsforthisgiftanddonotintendtotransferthecopyrightandotherintellectualpropertyrightstotheNashvillePublicLibrary;()IdonotknowwhetherIownthecopyrightorotherintellectualpropertyrightsforthisgift.()Idonotowncopyrightorotherintellectualpropertyrightsforthisgift.ThereshallbenorestrictionsontheLibrary’suseofthisgiftunlessnotedbelowinthedescriptionofmaterials.IguaranteethatIhavegoodandmarketabletitletoboththephysicalandintellectualpropertycomponents,ifapplicableandindicatedabove,ofthisgift,thatthegiftisunencumbered,andthatIamfullyauthorizedtomakethisgift.Whereapplicable,saidmaterialswillbemadeavailabletothepublicforresearchafterprocessingbystaff,andmaybemicrofilmed,photocopied,orotherwisereproducedorreformattedbytheNashvillePublicLibrary.Usingestablishedprocedures,librarystaffmayusetheirdiscretiontodisposeofmaterialinappropriateforthelibrary’scollections.IreleaseandindemnifythePublicLibraryoftheMetropolitanGovernment,itsemployees,boardmembers,agentsandrepresentativesandtheMetropolitanGovernmentofNashvilleandDavidsonCounty,itsemployees,officials,agentsandrepresentativesfromanyandallclaimsordemandsarisingoutoforinconnectionwiththeuseofthisgift,includingbutnotlimitedtoanyclaimsfordefamation,copyrightviolation,invasionofprivacyorrightofpublicity.Thisdeedofgiftbecomeseffectivewhensignedbythedonor.Descriptionofmaterials:Donor:___Date:___Address:___Phone:DonorSignature__Ifactingasagent,forwhomorwhatorganization?Additionalcontactinformation:STAFFUSE:SectionA:ReviewAgreementCompleted?Yes,ConservationSurveyrequired.SeePartB.?Yes,giftacceptedandapproved.CompletePartA.?No,giftacceptedandapproved.CompletePartA.GiftReceivedbyDateApprovedby:Director,Division/BranchManager,orDesigneeDateSectionB:ConservationSurveyCompleted?EstimatedCosttoProcess?ApprovalbyDirectorRequired?ApprovalbyPublicLibraryBoardRequiredSectionC:ApprovalDirector,NashvillePublicLibraryDateAuthorizedrepresentativeDateTheNashvillePublicLibraryBoardMetropolitanGovernmentofNashvilleandDavidsonCountyAccessionNo._____________美國(guó)公共圖書館是否可以有自己的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),如何行使知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán).Questionsfromorfortheparticipants

圖書館展望未來(lái)！WhyLibrariesMatterinthefuture?

“Sowhyisitthatlibrariesaregenerallyforgotten?Whyisitsodifficulttogetsufficientfunding?Whyisitachallengetoattractthenextgenerationoflibrarians?First,ourtargetaudienceshaveforgottenaboutlibrariesastheytrytonavigateincreasinglycomplexlives.librarieshavemadethegravemistakeofassumingeveryoneknowshowimportantandrelevanttheyare.Administratorsandlibrarianshavefailedtorealizethattheytrulyneedtopromotewhattheyhave〞美國(guó)公共圖書館都有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的(或五年，或十年，二十年)戰(zhàn)略方案。Mostimportantly,allpubliclibrariesintheStates,bigorsmall,haveastrategyplanwhichservesasablueprintoraroadmapforthelibraries’future.Questionsfororfromtheparticipants:

StrategicPlan這些戰(zhàn)略方案是如何制訂的？WhatarethebasicsofastrategicplanningandwhatelementsmightbeusefultothelibrariansandlibrariesinChina?VisionChallengesAudienceBranding(BusinessMarketing)

PromotetheLibrary

它的根本框架和主要的目的是什么PromotetheLibraryIfwewantourlibrariestoberelevant,IdentifyYourStakeholdersUnderstandYourTargetAudienceAskYourAudienceCreateaStrategicPositioningStatement

ExamplesofStrategicPositioning“QueensLibraryisthebestcommunityresourceforallofyourinformational,educational,cultural,andrecreationalneeds.〞DevelopaMarketingPlan

Whatisamarketplan:

ExecutivesummaryStatisticalreviewS